Plants often face the challenge of severe environmental conditions, which include various biotic and abiotic stresses that exert adverse effects on plant growth and development. During evolution, plants have evolved c...Plants often face the challenge of severe environmental conditions, which include various biotic and abiotic stresses that exert adverse effects on plant growth and development. During evolution, plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stressors. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, which are subsequently converted to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. Even under normal conditions, higher plants produce ROS during metabolic processes. Excess concentrations of ROS result in oxidative damage to or the apoptotic death of cells. Development of an antioxidant defense system in plants protects them against oxidative stress damage. These ROS and, more particularly, H2O2, play versatile roles in normal plant physiological processes and in resistance to stresses. Recently, H2O2 has been regarded as a signaling molecule and regulator of the expression of some genes in cells. This review describes various aspects of H2O2 function, generation and scavenging, gene regulation and cross-links with other physiological molecules during plant growth, development and resistance responses.展开更多
Background:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’Republic of China(P.R.China)was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan(MLNP)which marled the implementati...Background:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’Republic of China(P.R.China)was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan(MLNP)which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.R.China in 2004.To understand the endemic trends of schistosomiasis to assess the effectiveness of an integrated strategy,we conducted an analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance data spanned from 2005 to 2015.Methods:The schistosomiasis sentinel surveillance data from sentinel sites were collected and analyzed from 2005 to 2015.In these sentinel sites,residents aged 6 years or above were screened annually by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA),while only antibody positives were followed by stool examination either Kato-katz method(KK)and/or hatching technique(HT).Domestic animals raised in sentinel sites were examined by HT for confirming the infection of schistosomes.Snail investigation was conducted each year through systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method.The snails collected from field were tested by microscopic dissection method.The infection rates of schistosomes in residents,domestic animals and snails,as well as the indicators reflecting the snails’distribution were calculated and analyzed.ANOVA analysis was used to examine the changes of the number of eggs per gram feces in population and Chi-square test was used to examine any change in proportions among groups.Results:A total of 148902 residents from sentinel sites attended this study and 631676 blood samples were examined by IHA test during the 11 covered years.The annual average antibody positive rates presented a significant decrease trends,from 17.48%(95%CI:17.20–17.75%)in 2005 to 5.93%(95%CI:5.71–6.15%)(χ2=8890.47,P<0.001)in 2015.During 2005–2015,the average infection rate of schistosomes in residents declined from 2.07%(95%CI:1.96–2.17%)to 0.13%(95%CI:0.09–0.16%),accompanied by significant decrease of infection intensity 展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer pa...OBJECTIVE： Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer patients, the authors performed a retrospective study to report the result of the integrated treatment of TCM with chemotherapy for stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer. METHODS： In this study, 182 patients with stage IV and non-surgical gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effects of TCM integrated with chemotherapy. Among the 182 cases, 88 cases received integrated therapy consisting of TCM and chemotherapy, while 94 cases received chemotherapy alone. The overall survival and Karnofsky performance status （KPS） score were measured as the main outcome. RESULTS： The median overall survival of the integrated therapy group and chemotherapy group were 16.9 and 10.5 months, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of integrated therapy group vs. chemotherapy group were 70% vs. 32%, 18% vs. 4%, and 11% vs. 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups （x2 = 42.244, P 〈 0.001 ）. After six-month treatment, KPS scores of the integrated therapy group and the chemotherapy group were 75.00 ± 14.78 and 60.64 ± 21.39, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The Cox regression analysis showed that TCM treatment is a protective factor for patients＇ overall survival. CONCLUSION： This study demonstrated that TCM integrated with chemotherapy may prolong overal survival and improve survival rate and life quality of patients with stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer展开更多
Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the...Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the SWV are derived from the dataset. In comparison to other seasons, summer yields the least SWVs, but with the highest probability that they will migrate from their region of origin. SWVs mostly emerge in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin and the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Migratory SWVs mainly move along either an eastward or southeastward path. Detailed composite analysis of warm-season SWVs shows that the subtropical high is a key factor in determining the direction of migratory SWVs. Furthermore, the steering wind at 700 hPa dominates the moving direction of migratory SWVs. Potential stability diagnosed by pseudo-equivalent potential temperature ? se is of certain significance for the evolution and movement of SWVs. On the other hand, migratory SWVs possess relatively greater strength than stationary SWVs, due to a stronger low-level jet with enhanced baroclinicity and moisture transport providing more energy to support the growth of SWVs along their paths of movement.展开更多
AIM： TO study the effects of interleukin-10 （IL-10） on the expression of o-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in hepatic stellate cells of experimental rats wit...AIM： TO study the effects of interleukin-10 （IL-10） on the expression of o-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in hepatic stellate cells of experimental rats with hepatic fibrosis. METHODS： Sixty clean SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N）, liver fibrotic group （group C） and IL-10 treatment group （group I）. Control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline （2ml·kg^-1）, twice a week. Fibrotic group was injected intraperitoneally with 50% carbon tetrachloride （CCh） （2 ml·kg^-1）, twice a week. IL-10 treatment group was given IL-10 at a dose of 4 pg·kg^-1 20 minutes before CCl4 administration from the third week. Hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） were isolated from these rats at the seventh and eleventh weeks during the course of liver fibrosis, respectively. The expression of α-SMA and NF-κB in HSCs was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry. The expression of Fas and FasL mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Furthermore, liver tissues were harvested from three groups at the same time. RESULTS： The CCh- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The purity of extracted hepatic stellate cells was about 95% and the yield of hepatic stellate cells was 1.2-2.3×10^6/g liver tissue averagely. The positive expression of α-SMA and NF-κB was 36.5% and 28.5% respectively in group N. The positive levels of α-SMA and NF-κB were increased significantly in group C compared to group N （P〈0.01）. The positive signals decreased significantly （P〈0.05） in group I. In the 11^th week, the HSCs of group I became round with visible pyknotic nuclei. The expression of NF-κB in group C was significantly increased in a timedependentmanner （P〈0.01）, but there was no difference in the α-SMA expression （P〉0.05）. The mRNA of Fas and FasL in group C was significantly increased in a timedependent manner compared to that in control group. After treated with IL-10, the e展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3017023830670070)
文摘Plants often face the challenge of severe environmental conditions, which include various biotic and abiotic stresses that exert adverse effects on plant growth and development. During evolution, plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stressors. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, which are subsequently converted to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. Even under normal conditions, higher plants produce ROS during metabolic processes. Excess concentrations of ROS result in oxidative damage to or the apoptotic death of cells. Development of an antioxidant defense system in plants protects them against oxidative stress damage. These ROS and, more particularly, H2O2, play versatile roles in normal plant physiological processes and in resistance to stresses. Recently, H2O2 has been regarded as a signaling molecule and regulator of the expression of some genes in cells. This review describes various aspects of H2O2 function, generation and scavenging, gene regulation and cross-links with other physiological molecules during plant growth, development and resistance responses.
基金国家自然科学基金（81101280、81660557）国家科技重大专项（2016ZX10004222-004、2012ZX10004220、2012ZX10004-201）+2 种基金国家科技支撑计划（2016YFC1202005）上海市公共卫生三年行动计划项目（GWIV-29)China-UK Global Health Support Programme(GHSP)
基金This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30590373)the National Special Science and Technology Project for Major Infectious Diseases of China(No.2012ZX10004–220,2016YFC1202000).
文摘Background:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’Republic of China(P.R.China)was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan(MLNP)which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.R.China in 2004.To understand the endemic trends of schistosomiasis to assess the effectiveness of an integrated strategy,we conducted an analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance data spanned from 2005 to 2015.Methods:The schistosomiasis sentinel surveillance data from sentinel sites were collected and analyzed from 2005 to 2015.In these sentinel sites,residents aged 6 years or above were screened annually by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA),while only antibody positives were followed by stool examination either Kato-katz method(KK)and/or hatching technique(HT).Domestic animals raised in sentinel sites were examined by HT for confirming the infection of schistosomes.Snail investigation was conducted each year through systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method.The snails collected from field were tested by microscopic dissection method.The infection rates of schistosomes in residents,domestic animals and snails,as well as the indicators reflecting the snails’distribution were calculated and analyzed.ANOVA analysis was used to examine the changes of the number of eggs per gram feces in population and Chi-square test was used to examine any change in proportions among groups.Results:A total of 148902 residents from sentinel sites attended this study and 631676 blood samples were examined by IHA test during the 11 covered years.The annual average antibody positive rates presented a significant decrease trends,from 17.48%(95%CI:17.20–17.75%)in 2005 to 5.93%(95%CI:5.71–6.15%)(χ2=8890.47,P<0.001)in 2015.During 2005–2015,the average infection rate of schistosomes in residents declined from 2.07%(95%CI:1.96–2.17%)to 0.13%(95%CI:0.09–0.16%),accompanied by significant decrease of infection intensity
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No. 17ZR1438800, for Dr. Xuan Liu)Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiding Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No . 13401907500 , for Zhi-feng Qin)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Program (No. ZY3-CCCX-3-3056, for Dr. Li-juan Xiu)National Natural Science Foundation Youth Program (No. 81603434, for Dr. Li-juan Xiu)
文摘OBJECTIVE： Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer patients, the authors performed a retrospective study to report the result of the integrated treatment of TCM with chemotherapy for stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer. METHODS： In this study, 182 patients with stage IV and non-surgical gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effects of TCM integrated with chemotherapy. Among the 182 cases, 88 cases received integrated therapy consisting of TCM and chemotherapy, while 94 cases received chemotherapy alone. The overall survival and Karnofsky performance status （KPS） score were measured as the main outcome. RESULTS： The median overall survival of the integrated therapy group and chemotherapy group were 16.9 and 10.5 months, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of integrated therapy group vs. chemotherapy group were 70% vs. 32%, 18% vs. 4%, and 11% vs. 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups （x2 = 42.244, P 〈 0.001 ）. After six-month treatment, KPS scores of the integrated therapy group and the chemotherapy group were 75.00 ± 14.78 and 60.64 ± 21.39, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The Cox regression analysis showed that TCM treatment is a protective factor for patients＇ overall survival. CONCLUSION： This study demonstrated that TCM integrated with chemotherapy may prolong overal survival and improve survival rate and life quality of patients with stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41275064 and 41175057)the Public Science and Technology Research Fund Projects of the Ocean (Grant No. 201005019)
文摘Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the SWV are derived from the dataset. In comparison to other seasons, summer yields the least SWVs, but with the highest probability that they will migrate from their region of origin. SWVs mostly emerge in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin and the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Migratory SWVs mainly move along either an eastward or southeastward path. Detailed composite analysis of warm-season SWVs shows that the subtropical high is a key factor in determining the direction of migratory SWVs. Furthermore, the steering wind at 700 hPa dominates the moving direction of migratory SWVs. Potential stability diagnosed by pseudo-equivalent potential temperature ? se is of certain significance for the evolution and movement of SWVs. On the other hand, migratory SWVs possess relatively greater strength than stationary SWVs, due to a stronger low-level jet with enhanced baroclinicity and moisture transport providing more energy to support the growth of SWVs along their paths of movement.
基金Supported by Science Technology Fund of Fujian Province,No.c0410025
文摘AIM： TO study the effects of interleukin-10 （IL-10） on the expression of o-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in hepatic stellate cells of experimental rats with hepatic fibrosis. METHODS： Sixty clean SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N）, liver fibrotic group （group C） and IL-10 treatment group （group I）. Control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline （2ml·kg^-1）, twice a week. Fibrotic group was injected intraperitoneally with 50% carbon tetrachloride （CCh） （2 ml·kg^-1）, twice a week. IL-10 treatment group was given IL-10 at a dose of 4 pg·kg^-1 20 minutes before CCl4 administration from the third week. Hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） were isolated from these rats at the seventh and eleventh weeks during the course of liver fibrosis, respectively. The expression of α-SMA and NF-κB in HSCs was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry. The expression of Fas and FasL mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Furthermore, liver tissues were harvested from three groups at the same time. RESULTS： The CCh- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The purity of extracted hepatic stellate cells was about 95% and the yield of hepatic stellate cells was 1.2-2.3×10^6/g liver tissue averagely. The positive expression of α-SMA and NF-κB was 36.5% and 28.5% respectively in group N. The positive levels of α-SMA and NF-κB were increased significantly in group C compared to group N （P〈0.01）. The positive signals decreased significantly （P〈0.05） in group I. In the 11^th week, the HSCs of group I became round with visible pyknotic nuclei. The expression of NF-κB in group C was significantly increased in a timedependentmanner （P〈0.01）, but there was no difference in the α-SMA expression （P〉0.05）. The mRNA of Fas and FasL in group C was significantly increased in a timedependent manner compared to that in control group. After treated with IL-10, the e
