Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sex hormone levels during different ...Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sex hormone levels during different physiological periods in the diagnosis of infertility patients. Methods: From December 2019 to May 2021, a total of 93 infertility patients were admitted and selected as the observation group. Among them, 31 cases were in the follicular stage, 31 cases in the ovulation stage, and 31 cases in the luteal stage. Ninety-three healthy women for fertility evaluation due to male infertility were selected as the control group. The control group included 31 women in the follicular phase, 31 women in the ovulatory phase, and 31 women in the luteal phase. The levels of sex hormones (prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P)) during different physiological phases were compared between the observation and control groups. Results: The follicular phase showed no significant difference in LH levels between the observation group and the control group. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL and P compared to the control group, while the levels of FSH, E2, and T were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. The ovulation phase showed no significant difference in PRL levels between the two groups. The observation group showed lower levels of LH, FSH, E2, T, and P compared to the control group. The luteal phase showed no statistical difference in E2 levels between the two groups. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL, LH, and FSH compared to the control group, while the levels of T and P were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Infertile women show variations in hormone levels compared to the normal levels during the follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.展开更多
We demonstrate single-mode microdisk lasers in the telecom band with ultralow thresholds on erbium-ytterbium co-doped thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN).The active microdisk was fabricated with high-Q factors by photolit...We demonstrate single-mode microdisk lasers in the telecom band with ultralow thresholds on erbium-ytterbium co-doped thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN).The active microdisk was fabricated with high-Q factors by photolithography-assisted chemomechanical etching.Thanks to the erbium-ytterbium co-doping providing high optical gain,the ultralow loss nanostructuring,and the excitation of high-Q coherent polygon modes,which suppresses multimode lasing and allows high spatial mode overlap between pump and lasing modes,single-mode laser emission operating at 1530 nm wavelength was observed with an ultralow threshold,under a 980-nm-band optical pump.The threshold was measured as low as 1μW,which is one order of magnitude smaller than the best results previously reported in single-mode active TFLN microlasers.The conversion efficiency reaches 4.06×10^(-3),which is also the highest value reported in single-mode active TFLN microlasers.展开更多
文摘Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sex hormone levels during different physiological periods in the diagnosis of infertility patients. Methods: From December 2019 to May 2021, a total of 93 infertility patients were admitted and selected as the observation group. Among them, 31 cases were in the follicular stage, 31 cases in the ovulation stage, and 31 cases in the luteal stage. Ninety-three healthy women for fertility evaluation due to male infertility were selected as the control group. The control group included 31 women in the follicular phase, 31 women in the ovulatory phase, and 31 women in the luteal phase. The levels of sex hormones (prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P)) during different physiological phases were compared between the observation and control groups. Results: The follicular phase showed no significant difference in LH levels between the observation group and the control group. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL and P compared to the control group, while the levels of FSH, E2, and T were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. The ovulation phase showed no significant difference in PRL levels between the two groups. The observation group showed lower levels of LH, FSH, E2, T, and P compared to the control group. The luteal phase showed no statistical difference in E2 levels between the two groups. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL, LH, and FSH compared to the control group, while the levels of T and P were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Infertile women show variations in hormone levels compared to the normal levels during the follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0705000,2022YFA1404600,and 2022YFA1205100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62122079,12192251,62235019,12334014,12134001,12104159,and 11933005)+4 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301403)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2019SHZDZX01)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.21DZ1101500 and 23ZR1481800)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020249)the Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument,Ministry of Education,East China Normal University(No.2023nmc005)。
文摘We demonstrate single-mode microdisk lasers in the telecom band with ultralow thresholds on erbium-ytterbium co-doped thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN).The active microdisk was fabricated with high-Q factors by photolithography-assisted chemomechanical etching.Thanks to the erbium-ytterbium co-doping providing high optical gain,the ultralow loss nanostructuring,and the excitation of high-Q coherent polygon modes,which suppresses multimode lasing and allows high spatial mode overlap between pump and lasing modes,single-mode laser emission operating at 1530 nm wavelength was observed with an ultralow threshold,under a 980-nm-band optical pump.The threshold was measured as low as 1μW,which is one order of magnitude smaller than the best results previously reported in single-mode active TFLN microlasers.The conversion efficiency reaches 4.06×10^(-3),which is also the highest value reported in single-mode active TFLN microlasers.
