AIM: To explore the essential characteristics of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels in Chinese people, by analyzing the population-based data on the serum levels of PG Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio, and their influencing ...AIM: To explore the essential characteristics of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels in Chinese people, by analyzing the population-based data on the serum levels of PG Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio, and their influencing factors in Chinese from North China. METHODS: A total of 6990 subjects, who underwent a gastric cancer screening in North China from 1997 to 2002, were collected in this study. Serum pepsinogen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H pylori status was determined by histological examination and H pylori-IgG ELISA. The cut-off point was calculated by using receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curves. Factors linked to serum PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio were identified using a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The serum PGⅠ and PGⅡ levels were significantly higher in males than in females (95.2 μg/L vs 79.7 μg/L, P < 0.01; 12.1 μg/L vs 9.4 μg/L, P < 0.01), PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio was significantly lower in males than in females (7.9 vs 8.3, P < 0.01). The PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio decreased significantly in the aged groups following the progression of gastric mucosa from normal to non-atrophic and atrophic lesions (10.4, 8.8, and 6.6, respectively). The serum PGⅠand Ⅱ levels were significantly higher in patients with H pylori infection than in those without H pylori infection (88.7 μg/L vs 81.4 μg/L, P < 0.01; 11.4 μg/L vs 8.4 μg/L, P < 0.01), while the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio was significantly lower in patients with H pylori infection than in those without H pylori infection (7.7 vs 9.6, P < 0.01). For patients with atrophic lesions, the area under the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ROC curve was 0.622. The best cut-off point for PGⅠ/Ⅱ was 6.9, with a sensitivity of 53.2%, and a specificity of 67.5%. Factors linked to PGⅠ/Ⅱ were sensitive to identified PG using a multinomial logistic regression relying on the following inputs: males (OR: 1.151, 95% CI: 1.042-1.272, P = 0.006), age ≥ 61 years (OR: 1.358, 95% CI: 1.188-1.553, P = 0.000), atrophic lesion (OR: 2.075, 95% CI: 1.870-2.302, P = 展开更多
Since December 2019,an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China.As of 8 pm,31 January 2020,more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in China.Of these cases,t...Since December 2019,an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China.As of 8 pm,31 January 2020,more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in China.Of these cases,ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province,with an age of onset ranging from 112 days to 17 years.Following the latest National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCo V (the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province,recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health,the National Children's Regional Medical Center,Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV.展开更多
Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on lo...Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between the antigen MG7 antigen expression and gastric cancer as well as precancerous condition; to study the relationship between the MG7 antigen expression and H. pyloriinfection...AIM: To investigate the relationship between the antigen MG7 antigen expression and gastric cancer as well as precancerous condition; to study the relationship between the MG7 antigen expression and H. pyloriinfection in benign gastric lesions in order to find out the effect of H. pylori infection on the process of gastric cancer development.METHODS: The level of MG7 antigen expression was determined by immunohistochemical method in 383 gastric biopsied materials. The intestinal metaplasia was determined by histochemistry method. The H. pyloriinfection was determined by HE stain, PCR and ELISA in 291 specimens, among which only 34 cases of H. pylori-associated gastric lesions were followed up.RESULTS: The positive rate of MG7 expression in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer increased gradually in ascending order (P＜0.01). The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was higher than that of type Ⅰand Ⅱ intestinal metaplasia, being highly significant (P＜0.05).The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer increased gradually (11.9 %, 64.8 %, 91.2 %, P＜0.01). There was no significant difference between H.pylori-negative and H. pyloripositive intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and dysplasia of gastric epithelium in the positive rate of MG7 antigen expression. There was no expression of MG7 antigen in H. pylori-negative superficial gastritis. The positive rate of MG7 expression in H. pylori-positive superficial gastritis was 20.5 %, and the difference between them was significant (P＜0.05). During following up, one of the three H. pylori negative cases turned positive again, and its MG7 antigen expression turned to be stronger correspondingly. 3 of 31 H. pyloripositive cases were detected as early gastric cancer, among which one with '+++' MG7 antigen expression was diminished after H. pylori eradication.CONCLUSION: MG7 antigen expression is highly sp展开更多
<abstract>Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods: From November 2001 to April 2002, patients visiting the Urological Outpatient Clinic ...<abstract>Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods: From November 2001 to April 2002, patients visiting the Urological Outpatient Clinic of this Hospital were evaluated by means of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and classified by the NIH classification standard. Sixty-two patients of CPPS category Ⅲwere involved in this study. All patients had been treated by conventional approaches such as antibiotics and alpha-blockers for more than half a year without any improvement. The expressed prostatic secretion results were as follows: WBC 5 to 9/high power field, lipid +-+++and bacterial culture negative. Their NIH-CPSI were 12-40. All the 62 cases complained of micturitional irritation (frequency, urgency, splitted stream and sense of residual urine), 32 cases, of pain or discomfort at the testicular, penile, scrotal, pelvic or rectal region and 13 cases, of white secretion-dripping. The patients were treated by the Urostym Biofeedback equipment (Laborie Co., Canada) 5 times a week for 2 weeks with a stimulus intensity of 15 mA-23 mA and duration of 20 minutes. Results: Sixty patients were significantly improved or cured, while no significant improvement in the remaining 2. No apparent side effect was observed. The NIH-CPSI dropped to 6 to 14 with an average reduction of 21 (P<0.01). In the 60 improved cases, pain was relieved after 2-3 treatment courses and other symptoms disappeared after 4-5 courses. Conclusion: Biofeedback therapy is a safe and effective treatment for CPPS. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and to explore the mechanism of action.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) with human urokinase-type plasminogen activator(u PA) on liver fibrosis, and to investigate the mechanism of gene therapy.M...AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) with human urokinase-type plasminogen activator(u PA) on liver fibrosis, and to investigate the mechanism of gene therapy.METHODS: BMSCs transfected with adenovirusmediated human urokinase plasminogen activator(Adu PA) were transplanted into rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. All rats were sacrificed after 8 wk, and their serum and liver tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular analyzes. The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's staining. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine protein and m RNA expression levels.RESULTS: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aminotransferase, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen type Ⅲ were markedly decreased, whereas the levels of serum albumin were increased by u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment. Histopathology revealed that chronic CCl4-treatment resulted in significant fibrosis while u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment significantly reversed fibrosis. By quantitatively analysing the fibrosis area of liver tissue using Masson staining in different groups of animals, we found that model animals with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis had the largest fibrotic area(16.69% ± 1.30%), while fibrotic area was significantly decreased by BMSCs treatment(12.38% ± 2.27%) and was further reduced by u PA-BMSCs treatment(8.31% ± 1.21%). Both protein and m RNA expression of β-catenin, Wnt4 and Wnt5 a was down-regulated in liver tissues following u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment when compared with the model animals.CONCLUSION: Transplantation of u PA gene modified BMSCs suppressed liver fibrosis and ameliorated liver function and may be a new approach to treating liver fibrosis. Furthermore, treatment with u PA gene modified BMSCs also resulted in a decrease in expression of molecules of the Wnt signaling pathway.展开更多
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A...Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A. hypogaea genome and compared it with the related diploid Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes. We annotated 39 888 A-subgenome genes and 41 526 B-subgenome genes in allotetraploid peanut. The A. hypogaea subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with the B subgenome resembling the ancestral state and the A subgenome undergoing more gene disruption, loss, conversion, and transposable element proliferation, and having reduced gene expression during seed development despite lacking genome-wide expression dominance. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified more than 2 500 oil metabolism-related genes and revealed that most of them show altered expression early in seed development while their expression ceases during desiccation, presenting a comprehensive map of peanut lipid biosynthesis. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate a better understanding of the complex genome architecture, agronomically and economically important genes, and genetic improvement of peanut.展开更多
Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC...Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen展开更多
Background:The Shexiang Baoxin Pill(MUSKARDIA)has been used for treating coronary artery disease(CAD)and angina for more than 30 years in China.Nevertheless,methodologically sound trials on the use of MUSKARDIA in CAD...Background:The Shexiang Baoxin Pill(MUSKARDIA)has been used for treating coronary artery disease(CAD)and angina for more than 30 years in China.Nevertheless,methodologically sound trials on the use of MUSKARDIA in CAD patients are scarce.The aim of the study is to determine the effects of MUSKARDIA as an add-on to optimal medical therapy(OMT)in patients with stable CAD.Methods:A total of 2674 participants with stable CAD from 97 hospitals in China were randomized 1:1 to a MUSKARDIA or placebo group for 24 months.Both groups received OMT according to local tertiary hospital protocols.The primary outcome was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE),defined as a composite of cardiovascular death,non-fatal myocardial infarction(MI),or non-fatal stroke.Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality,non-fatal MI,non-fatal stroke,hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure,peripheral revascularization,angina stability and angina frequency.Results:In all,99.7%of the patients were treated with aspirin and 93.0%with statin.After 2 years of treatment,the occurrence of MACEs was reduced by 26.9%in the MUSKARDIA group(MUSKARDIA:1.9%vs.placebo:2.6%;odds ratio=0.80;95%confidence interval:0.45-1.07;P=0.2869).Angina frequency was significantly reduced in the MUSKARDIA group at 18 months(P=0.0362).Other secondary endpoints were similar between the two groups.The rates of adverse events were also similar between the two groups(MUSKARDIA:17.7%vs.placebo:17.4%,P=0.8785).Conclusions:As an add-on to OMT,MUSKARDIA is safe and significantly reduces angina frequency in patients with stable CAD.Moreover,the use of MUSKARDIA is associated with a trend toward reduced MACEs in patients with stable CAD.The results suggest that MUSKARDIA can be used to manage patients with CAD.Trial registration:chictr.org.cn,No.ChiCTR-TRC-12003513.展开更多
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been widely studied due to its unique advantages such as remote sensing,real-time multi-elemental detection and none-to-little damage.With the efforts of researchers aroun...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been widely studied due to its unique advantages such as remote sensing,real-time multi-elemental detection and none-to-little damage.With the efforts of researchers around the world,LIBS has been developed by leaps and bounds.Moreover,in recent years,more and more Chinese LIBS researchers have put tremendous energy in promoting LIBS applications.It is worth mentioning that the application of LIBS in a specific field has its special application background and technical difficulties,therefore it may develop in different stages.A review summarizing the current development status of LIBS in various fields would be helpful for the development of LIBS technology as well as its applications especially for Chinese LIBS community since most of the researchers in this field work in application.In the present work,we summarized the research status and latest progress of main research groups in coal,metallurgy,and water,etc.Based on the current research status,the challenges and opportunities of LIBS were evaluated,and suggestions were made to further promote LIBS applications.展开更多
Interleukin-6(IL-6),a cytokine mainly produced by activated monocytes,has broad pleiotropic actions that affect the functions of a variety of lymphoid cells.The roles of IL-6 in regulating immunity to infections are c...Interleukin-6(IL-6),a cytokine mainly produced by activated monocytes,has broad pleiotropic actions that affect the functions of a variety of lymphoid cells.The roles of IL-6 in regulating immunity to infections are currently being defined.Remarkably,IL-6-mediated cellular and humoral immune responses play a crucial role in determining the outcome of viral infection.This article reviews the current knowledge on the critical role of IL-6 in hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.As a competent intermediary,IL-6 derived from activated monocytes plays an important role in promoting lymphocytes responses that are essential for effective viral control.However,as a mediator of inflammation,IL-6 is also involved in the development of HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and exacerbating liver injury.Overall,the current data point to IL-6 as an immunoregulatory cytokine in HBV infection.Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing the beneficial effects of IL-6 in HBV infection may prove to be an ordeal in the future,as they should foster the strengths of IL-6 while circumventing potential drawbacks.展开更多
The efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is known, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) has been shown to protect ne...The efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is known, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) has been shown to protect neurons by binding to N-cadherin. Our previous results have shown that electroacupuncture could increase the expression of N-cadherin mRNA in facial neurons and promote facial nerve regeneration. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which electroacupuncture promotes nerve regeneration were elucidated through assessing the effects of electroacupuncture on GDNF and N-cadherin expression in facial motoneurons of rabbits with peripheral facial nerve crush injury. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group(normal control, n = 21), injury group(n = 45) and electroacupuncture group(n = 45). Model rabbits underwent facial nerve crush injury only. Rabbits in the electroacupuncture group received facial nerve injury, and then underwent electroacupuncture at Yifeng(TE17), Jiache(ST6), Sibai(ST2), Dicang(ST4), Yangbai(GB14), Quanliao(SI18), and Hegu(LI4; only acupuncture, no electrical stimulation). The results showed that in behavioral assessments, the total scores of blink reflex, vibrissae movement, and position of apex nasi, were markedly lower in the EA group than those in the injury group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the right buccinator muscle of each group showed that the cross-sectional area of buccinator was larger in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group on days 1, 14 and 21 post-surgery. Toluidine blue staining of the right facial nerve tissue of each group revealed that on day 14 post-surgery, there was less axonal demyelination and fewer inflammatory cells in the electroacupuncture group compared with the injury group. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that compared with the injury group, N-cadherin mRNA levels on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 and GDNF mRNA levels on days 4, 7 and 14 were significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group. Wes展开更多
Background Neurophysiologic monitoring during surgery is to prevent permanent neurological injury resulting from surgical manipulation. To improve the accuracy and sensitivity of intraoperative neuromonitoring, combin...Background Neurophysiologic monitoring during surgery is to prevent permanent neurological injury resulting from surgical manipulation. To improve the accuracy and sensitivity of intraoperative neuromonitoring, combined monitoring of transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials （TES-MEPs）, somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEPs） and brainstem auditory evoked potentials （BAEPs） was attempted in microsurgery for lesions adjacent to the brainstem and intracranial aneurysms. Methods Monitoring of combined TES-MEPs with SSEPs was attempted in 68 consecutive patients with lesions adjacent to the brainstem as well as intracranial aneurysms. Among them, 31 patients （31 operations, 28 of posterior cranial fossa tumors, 3 of posterior circulation aneurysms） were also subjected to monitoring of BAEPs. The correlation of monitoring results and clinical outcome was studied prospectively. Results Combined monitoring of evoked potentials （EPs） was done in 64 （94.1%） of the 68 patients. MEPs monitoring was impossible for 4 patients （5.9%）. No complication was observed during the combined monitoring in all the patients. In 45 （66.2%） of the 68 patients, EPs were stable, and they were neurologically intact. Motor dysfunction was detected by MEPs in 8 patients, SSEPs in 5, and BAEPs in 4, respectively. Conclusions A close relationship exists between postoperative motor function and the results of TES-MEPs monitoring TES-MEPs are superior to SSEPs and BAEPs in detecting motor dysfunction, but combined EPs serve as a safe, effective and invasive method for intraoperative monitoring of the function of the motor nervous system. Monitoring of combined EPs during microsurgery for lesions adjacent to the brainstem and intracranial aneurysms may detect potentially hazardous maneuvers and improve the safety of subsequent procedures.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 10th Five-year Plan Period, No. 2001BA703B06 (B), 2004BA703B04-02
文摘AIM: To explore the essential characteristics of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels in Chinese people, by analyzing the population-based data on the serum levels of PG Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio, and their influencing factors in Chinese from North China. METHODS: A total of 6990 subjects, who underwent a gastric cancer screening in North China from 1997 to 2002, were collected in this study. Serum pepsinogen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H pylori status was determined by histological examination and H pylori-IgG ELISA. The cut-off point was calculated by using receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curves. Factors linked to serum PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio were identified using a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The serum PGⅠ and PGⅡ levels were significantly higher in males than in females (95.2 μg/L vs 79.7 μg/L, P < 0.01; 12.1 μg/L vs 9.4 μg/L, P < 0.01), PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio was significantly lower in males than in females (7.9 vs 8.3, P < 0.01). The PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio decreased significantly in the aged groups following the progression of gastric mucosa from normal to non-atrophic and atrophic lesions (10.4, 8.8, and 6.6, respectively). The serum PGⅠand Ⅱ levels were significantly higher in patients with H pylori infection than in those without H pylori infection (88.7 μg/L vs 81.4 μg/L, P < 0.01; 11.4 μg/L vs 8.4 μg/L, P < 0.01), while the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio was significantly lower in patients with H pylori infection than in those without H pylori infection (7.7 vs 9.6, P < 0.01). For patients with atrophic lesions, the area under the PGⅠ/Ⅱ ROC curve was 0.622. The best cut-off point for PGⅠ/Ⅱ was 6.9, with a sensitivity of 53.2%, and a specificity of 67.5%. Factors linked to PGⅠ/Ⅱ were sensitive to identified PG using a multinomial logistic regression relying on the following inputs: males (OR: 1.151, 95% CI: 1.042-1.272, P = 0.006), age ≥ 61 years (OR: 1.358, 95% CI: 1.188-1.553, P = 0.000), atrophic lesion (OR: 2.075, 95% CI: 1.870-2.302, P =
文摘Since December 2019,an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China.As of 8 pm,31 January 2020,more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in China.Of these cases,ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province,with an age of onset ranging from 112 days to 17 years.Following the latest National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCo V (the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province,recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health,the National Children's Regional Medical Center,Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV.
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600104)supported by donations made by Delos Living LLC,and the Cyrus Tang Foundation+2 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471419)Beijing Institute of Urban Planningsupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU19TD002).
文摘Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China,No.G1998051203
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between the antigen MG7 antigen expression and gastric cancer as well as precancerous condition; to study the relationship between the MG7 antigen expression and H. pyloriinfection in benign gastric lesions in order to find out the effect of H. pylori infection on the process of gastric cancer development.METHODS: The level of MG7 antigen expression was determined by immunohistochemical method in 383 gastric biopsied materials. The intestinal metaplasia was determined by histochemistry method. The H. pyloriinfection was determined by HE stain, PCR and ELISA in 291 specimens, among which only 34 cases of H. pylori-associated gastric lesions were followed up.RESULTS: The positive rate of MG7 expression in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer increased gradually in ascending order (P＜0.01). The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was higher than that of type Ⅰand Ⅱ intestinal metaplasia, being highly significant (P＜0.05).The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer increased gradually (11.9 %, 64.8 %, 91.2 %, P＜0.01). There was no significant difference between H.pylori-negative and H. pyloripositive intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and dysplasia of gastric epithelium in the positive rate of MG7 antigen expression. There was no expression of MG7 antigen in H. pylori-negative superficial gastritis. The positive rate of MG7 expression in H. pylori-positive superficial gastritis was 20.5 %, and the difference between them was significant (P＜0.05). During following up, one of the three H. pylori negative cases turned positive again, and its MG7 antigen expression turned to be stronger correspondingly. 3 of 31 H. pyloripositive cases were detected as early gastric cancer, among which one with '+++' MG7 antigen expression was diminished after H. pylori eradication.CONCLUSION: MG7 antigen expression is highly sp
文摘<abstract>Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods: From November 2001 to April 2002, patients visiting the Urological Outpatient Clinic of this Hospital were evaluated by means of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and classified by the NIH classification standard. Sixty-two patients of CPPS category Ⅲwere involved in this study. All patients had been treated by conventional approaches such as antibiotics and alpha-blockers for more than half a year without any improvement. The expressed prostatic secretion results were as follows: WBC 5 to 9/high power field, lipid +-+++and bacterial culture negative. Their NIH-CPSI were 12-40. All the 62 cases complained of micturitional irritation (frequency, urgency, splitted stream and sense of residual urine), 32 cases, of pain or discomfort at the testicular, penile, scrotal, pelvic or rectal region and 13 cases, of white secretion-dripping. The patients were treated by the Urostym Biofeedback equipment (Laborie Co., Canada) 5 times a week for 2 weeks with a stimulus intensity of 15 mA-23 mA and duration of 20 minutes. Results: Sixty patients were significantly improved or cured, while no significant improvement in the remaining 2. No apparent side effect was observed. The NIH-CPSI dropped to 6 to 14 with an average reduction of 21 (P<0.01). In the 60 improved cases, pain was relieved after 2-3 treatment courses and other symptoms disappeared after 4-5 courses. Conclusion: Biofeedback therapy is a safe and effective treatment for CPPS. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and to explore the mechanism of action.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81460114+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNo.1355005-3-2 and No.2012GXNSFAA053143Chinese Traditional Medicine Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNo.GZPT1238Science Foundation of Guangxi Department of EducationNo.201203YB036 and No.2013LX031
文摘AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) with human urokinase-type plasminogen activator(u PA) on liver fibrosis, and to investigate the mechanism of gene therapy.METHODS: BMSCs transfected with adenovirusmediated human urokinase plasminogen activator(Adu PA) were transplanted into rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. All rats were sacrificed after 8 wk, and their serum and liver tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular analyzes. The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's staining. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine protein and m RNA expression levels.RESULTS: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aminotransferase, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen type Ⅲ were markedly decreased, whereas the levels of serum albumin were increased by u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment. Histopathology revealed that chronic CCl4-treatment resulted in significant fibrosis while u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment significantly reversed fibrosis. By quantitatively analysing the fibrosis area of liver tissue using Masson staining in different groups of animals, we found that model animals with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis had the largest fibrotic area(16.69% ± 1.30%), while fibrotic area was significantly decreased by BMSCs treatment(12.38% ± 2.27%) and was further reduced by u PA-BMSCs treatment(8.31% ± 1.21%). Both protein and m RNA expression of β-catenin, Wnt4 and Wnt5 a was down-regulated in liver tissues following u PA gene modified BMSCs treatment when compared with the model animals.CONCLUSION: Transplantation of u PA gene modified BMSCs suppressed liver fibrosis and ameliorated liver function and may be a new approach to treating liver fibrosis. Furthermore, treatment with u PA gene modified BMSCs also resulted in a decrease in expression of molecules of the Wnt signaling pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501246,31771841,31801401)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2017A030311007)+4 种基金the Modem Agroindustry Technology Research System (CARS-14)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2015B020231006, 2015A020209051, 2016B020201003, 2016LM3161, 2016LM3164, 2014A020208060 and S2013020012647)the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province (2013B050800021)the Agricultural Science and Technology Program of Guangdong (2013B020301014)the teamwork projects funded Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (no. 2017A030312004).
文摘Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A. hypogaea genome and compared it with the related diploid Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes. We annotated 39 888 A-subgenome genes and 41 526 B-subgenome genes in allotetraploid peanut. The A. hypogaea subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with the B subgenome resembling the ancestral state and the A subgenome undergoing more gene disruption, loss, conversion, and transposable element proliferation, and having reduced gene expression during seed development despite lacking genome-wide expression dominance. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified more than 2 500 oil metabolism-related genes and revealed that most of them show altered expression early in seed development while their expression ceases during desiccation, presenting a comprehensive map of peanut lipid biosynthesis. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate a better understanding of the complex genome architecture, agronomically and economically important genes, and genetic improvement of peanut.
基金supported by the grants from the Beijing Hope Run Special Fund(#LC2012YF44)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81402740)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20131106120014)The National Health and Family Planning Committee of P.R.China
文摘Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen
基金This study was funded by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee and Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Company.
文摘Background:The Shexiang Baoxin Pill(MUSKARDIA)has been used for treating coronary artery disease(CAD)and angina for more than 30 years in China.Nevertheless,methodologically sound trials on the use of MUSKARDIA in CAD patients are scarce.The aim of the study is to determine the effects of MUSKARDIA as an add-on to optimal medical therapy(OMT)in patients with stable CAD.Methods:A total of 2674 participants with stable CAD from 97 hospitals in China were randomized 1:1 to a MUSKARDIA or placebo group for 24 months.Both groups received OMT according to local tertiary hospital protocols.The primary outcome was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE),defined as a composite of cardiovascular death,non-fatal myocardial infarction(MI),or non-fatal stroke.Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality,non-fatal MI,non-fatal stroke,hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure,peripheral revascularization,angina stability and angina frequency.Results:In all,99.7%of the patients were treated with aspirin and 93.0%with statin.After 2 years of treatment,the occurrence of MACEs was reduced by 26.9%in the MUSKARDIA group(MUSKARDIA:1.9%vs.placebo:2.6%;odds ratio=0.80;95%confidence interval:0.45-1.07;P=0.2869).Angina frequency was significantly reduced in the MUSKARDIA group at 18 months(P=0.0362).Other secondary endpoints were similar between the two groups.The rates of adverse events were also similar between the two groups(MUSKARDIA:17.7%vs.placebo:17.4%,P=0.8785).Conclusions:As an add-on to OMT,MUSKARDIA is safe and significantly reduces angina frequency in patients with stable CAD.Moreover,the use of MUSKARDIA is associated with a trend toward reduced MACEs in patients with stable CAD.The results suggest that MUSKARDIA can be used to manage patients with CAD.Trial registration:chictr.org.cn,No.ChiCTR-TRC-12003513.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61575073)Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2020kfyXGYJ105).
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been widely studied due to its unique advantages such as remote sensing,real-time multi-elemental detection and none-to-little damage.With the efforts of researchers around the world,LIBS has been developed by leaps and bounds.Moreover,in recent years,more and more Chinese LIBS researchers have put tremendous energy in promoting LIBS applications.It is worth mentioning that the application of LIBS in a specific field has its special application background and technical difficulties,therefore it may develop in different stages.A review summarizing the current development status of LIBS in various fields would be helpful for the development of LIBS technology as well as its applications especially for Chinese LIBS community since most of the researchers in this field work in application.In the present work,we summarized the research status and latest progress of main research groups in coal,metallurgy,and water,etc.Based on the current research status,the challenges and opportunities of LIBS were evaluated,and suggestions were made to further promote LIBS applications.
文摘Interleukin-6(IL-6),a cytokine mainly produced by activated monocytes,has broad pleiotropic actions that affect the functions of a variety of lymphoid cells.The roles of IL-6 in regulating immunity to infections are currently being defined.Remarkably,IL-6-mediated cellular and humoral immune responses play a crucial role in determining the outcome of viral infection.This article reviews the current knowledge on the critical role of IL-6 in hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.As a competent intermediary,IL-6 derived from activated monocytes plays an important role in promoting lymphocytes responses that are essential for effective viral control.However,as a mediator of inflammation,IL-6 is also involved in the development of HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and exacerbating liver injury.Overall,the current data point to IL-6 as an immunoregulatory cytokine in HBV infection.Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing the beneficial effects of IL-6 in HBV infection may prove to be an ordeal in the future,as they should foster the strengths of IL-6 while circumventing potential drawbacks.
文摘The efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is known, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) has been shown to protect neurons by binding to N-cadherin. Our previous results have shown that electroacupuncture could increase the expression of N-cadherin mRNA in facial neurons and promote facial nerve regeneration. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which electroacupuncture promotes nerve regeneration were elucidated through assessing the effects of electroacupuncture on GDNF and N-cadherin expression in facial motoneurons of rabbits with peripheral facial nerve crush injury. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group(normal control, n = 21), injury group(n = 45) and electroacupuncture group(n = 45). Model rabbits underwent facial nerve crush injury only. Rabbits in the electroacupuncture group received facial nerve injury, and then underwent electroacupuncture at Yifeng(TE17), Jiache(ST6), Sibai(ST2), Dicang(ST4), Yangbai(GB14), Quanliao(SI18), and Hegu(LI4; only acupuncture, no electrical stimulation). The results showed that in behavioral assessments, the total scores of blink reflex, vibrissae movement, and position of apex nasi, were markedly lower in the EA group than those in the injury group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the right buccinator muscle of each group showed that the cross-sectional area of buccinator was larger in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group on days 1, 14 and 21 post-surgery. Toluidine blue staining of the right facial nerve tissue of each group revealed that on day 14 post-surgery, there was less axonal demyelination and fewer inflammatory cells in the electroacupuncture group compared with the injury group. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that compared with the injury group, N-cadherin mRNA levels on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 and GDNF mRNA levels on days 4, 7 and 14 were significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group. Wes
文摘Background Neurophysiologic monitoring during surgery is to prevent permanent neurological injury resulting from surgical manipulation. To improve the accuracy and sensitivity of intraoperative neuromonitoring, combined monitoring of transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials （TES-MEPs）, somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEPs） and brainstem auditory evoked potentials （BAEPs） was attempted in microsurgery for lesions adjacent to the brainstem and intracranial aneurysms. Methods Monitoring of combined TES-MEPs with SSEPs was attempted in 68 consecutive patients with lesions adjacent to the brainstem as well as intracranial aneurysms. Among them, 31 patients （31 operations, 28 of posterior cranial fossa tumors, 3 of posterior circulation aneurysms） were also subjected to monitoring of BAEPs. The correlation of monitoring results and clinical outcome was studied prospectively. Results Combined monitoring of evoked potentials （EPs） was done in 64 （94.1%） of the 68 patients. MEPs monitoring was impossible for 4 patients （5.9%）. No complication was observed during the combined monitoring in all the patients. In 45 （66.2%） of the 68 patients, EPs were stable, and they were neurologically intact. Motor dysfunction was detected by MEPs in 8 patients, SSEPs in 5, and BAEPs in 4, respectively. Conclusions A close relationship exists between postoperative motor function and the results of TES-MEPs monitoring TES-MEPs are superior to SSEPs and BAEPs in detecting motor dysfunction, but combined EPs serve as a safe, effective and invasive method for intraoperative monitoring of the function of the motor nervous system. Monitoring of combined EPs during microsurgery for lesions adjacent to the brainstem and intracranial aneurysms may detect potentially hazardous maneuvers and improve the safety of subsequent procedures.
