Chinese medicine(CM) is usually prescribed as CM formula to treat disease. The lack of effective research approach makes it difficult to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CM formula owing to its complicated chemic...Chinese medicine(CM) is usually prescribed as CM formula to treat disease. The lack of effective research approach makes it difficult to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CM formula owing to its complicated chemical compounds. Network pharmacology is increasingly applied in CM formula research in recent years, which is identified suitable for the study of CM formula. In this review, we summarized the methodology of network pharmacology, including network construction, network analysis and network verification. The aim of constructing a network is to achieve the interaction between the bioactive compounds and targets and the interaction between various targets, and then find out and validate the key nodes via network analysis and network verification. Besides, we reviewed the application in CM formula research, mainly including targets discovery, bioactive compounds screening, toxicity evaluation, mechanism research and quality control research. Finally, we proposed prospective in the future and limitations of network pharmacology, expecting to provide new strategy and thinking on study for CM formula.展开更多
In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a n...In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.展开更多
人类进入的21世纪,是一个人类真正需要进行生态反思的世纪。反思我们与自然的关系,反思我们与地球生命支持系统中植物、动物、抑或微生物的关系,反思我们与地球环境保障系统中的江河湖海、山川大地、森林草原、城镇乡村的关系。地球生...人类进入的21世纪,是一个人类真正需要进行生态反思的世纪。反思我们与自然的关系,反思我们与地球生命支持系统中植物、动物、抑或微生物的关系,反思我们与地球环境保障系统中的江河湖海、山川大地、森林草原、城镇乡村的关系。地球生物圈尚存的完整自然生态系统愈来愈少,人类未来生存、发展及适应全球变化的珍贵缓冲区(buffers)正快速萎缩,地球表面随处可见的3D系统(degraded,damaged and destroyed ecosystems)正快速增加,人类生命支撑系统中最为重要的生物多样性也正以前所未有的速度丧失,人类生存与发展之基失稳,亟待从生态保护理念出发,探索生态技术解决方案。在辨析生态、生态保护与生态修复内涵的基础上,基于文献计量学方法,以生态保护(ecological protection)和生态修复(ecological restoration)为主题词在Web of Science上检索了生态保护与生态修复近70年发文量及国际主流杂志发文量,分析了生态系统退化机制及驱动力,总结了国外生态保护与生态修复所依托的先进理论和技术方法,以期为我国生态系统保护与退化生态系统修复提供一定的理论指导。展开更多
Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis are essential for the alternating life cycle of flowering plants between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Rice （Oryza sativa） is the world＇s major sta...Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis are essential for the alternating life cycle of flowering plants between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Rice （Oryza sativa） is the world＇s major staple food, and manipulation of pollen fertility is particularly important for the demands to increase rice grain yield. Towards a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling rice male reproductive development, we describe here the cytological changes of anther development through 14 stages, including cell division, differentiation and degeneration of somatic tissues consisting of four concentric cell layers surrounding and supporting reproductive cells as they form mature pollen grains through meiosis and mitosis. Furthermore, we compare the morphological difference of anthers and pollen grains in both monocot rice and eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we describe the key genes identified to date critical for rice anther development and pollen formation.展开更多
Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 i...Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 immunohistochemistry(IHC)2+and fluorescence in-situ hybridization-negative patients.Here,we report the efficacy and safety of a novel anti-HER2 antibody RC48 for patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.Methods:Patients with HER2-overexpressing(IHC 2+or 3+),locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who were under at least second-line therapy were eligible and received RC482.5 mg/kg alone every 2 weeks.The primary endpoint was the objective response rate(ORR)assessed by an independent review committee.Secondary endpoints included progressionfree survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),duration of response,time to progression,disease control rate,and safety.Results:Of 179 patients screened,125 were eligible and received RC48 treatment.The ORR was 24.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:17.5%-33.3%).The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months(95%CI:3.7-4.9 months)and 7.9 months(95%CI:6.7-9.9 months),respectively.The most frequently reported adverse events were decreased white blood cell count(53.6%),asthenia(53.6%),hair loss(53.6%),decreased neutrophil count(52.0%),anemia(49.6%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(43.2%).Serious adverse events(SAEs)occurred in 45(36.0%)patients,and RC48-related SAEs were mainly decreased neutrophil count(3.2%).Seven patients had adverse events that led to death were not RC48-related.Conclusions:RC48 showed promising activity with manageable safety,suggesting potential application in patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81530102)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Agency Special Funds(No.2017B050504005)Guangzhou City Science and Technology Agency Special Funds(No.201803010069)
文摘Chinese medicine(CM) is usually prescribed as CM formula to treat disease. The lack of effective research approach makes it difficult to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CM formula owing to its complicated chemical compounds. Network pharmacology is increasingly applied in CM formula research in recent years, which is identified suitable for the study of CM formula. In this review, we summarized the methodology of network pharmacology, including network construction, network analysis and network verification. The aim of constructing a network is to achieve the interaction between the bioactive compounds and targets and the interaction between various targets, and then find out and validate the key nodes via network analysis and network verification. Besides, we reviewed the application in CM formula research, mainly including targets discovery, bioactive compounds screening, toxicity evaluation, mechanism research and quality control research. Finally, we proposed prospective in the future and limitations of network pharmacology, expecting to provide new strategy and thinking on study for CM formula.
基金supported(in part)by the Entrusted Project of National Center for Medical Service Administration,National Health and Family Planning Commission China(No.[2019]099)the First Level Funding of the Second Medical Leading Talent Project in Hubei Provincethe Special Project for Emergency of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2020YFC0841300)。
文摘In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.
文摘人类进入的21世纪,是一个人类真正需要进行生态反思的世纪。反思我们与自然的关系,反思我们与地球生命支持系统中植物、动物、抑或微生物的关系,反思我们与地球环境保障系统中的江河湖海、山川大地、森林草原、城镇乡村的关系。地球生物圈尚存的完整自然生态系统愈来愈少,人类未来生存、发展及适应全球变化的珍贵缓冲区(buffers)正快速萎缩,地球表面随处可见的3D系统(degraded,damaged and destroyed ecosystems)正快速增加,人类生命支撑系统中最为重要的生物多样性也正以前所未有的速度丧失,人类生存与发展之基失稳,亟待从生态保护理念出发,探索生态技术解决方案。在辨析生态、生态保护与生态修复内涵的基础上,基于文献计量学方法,以生态保护(ecological protection)和生态修复(ecological restoration)为主题词在Web of Science上检索了生态保护与生态修复近70年发文量及国际主流杂志发文量,分析了生态系统退化机制及驱动力,总结了国外生态保护与生态修复所依托的先进理论和技术方法,以期为我国生态系统保护与退化生态系统修复提供一定的理论指导。
基金supported by the funds from the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2009CB941500 and 2007CB108700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30725022)+1 种基金the Chinese Transgenic Project(No. 2009ZX08009-108B)the National 863 High-Tech Project (No.2011AA10A101)
文摘Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis are essential for the alternating life cycle of flowering plants between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Rice （Oryza sativa） is the world＇s major staple food, and manipulation of pollen fertility is particularly important for the demands to increase rice grain yield. Towards a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling rice male reproductive development, we describe here the cytological changes of anther development through 14 stages, including cell division, differentiation and degeneration of somatic tissues consisting of four concentric cell layers surrounding and supporting reproductive cells as they form mature pollen grains through meiosis and mitosis. Furthermore, we compare the morphological difference of anthers and pollen grains in both monocot rice and eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we describe the key genes identified to date critical for rice anther development and pollen formation.
基金This study was funded by RemeGen Co.,Ltd.This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91959205)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017YFC1308900,No.2018ZX09201-015)Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.2020-1-1022)。
文摘Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 immunohistochemistry(IHC)2+and fluorescence in-situ hybridization-negative patients.Here,we report the efficacy and safety of a novel anti-HER2 antibody RC48 for patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.Methods:Patients with HER2-overexpressing(IHC 2+or 3+),locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who were under at least second-line therapy were eligible and received RC482.5 mg/kg alone every 2 weeks.The primary endpoint was the objective response rate(ORR)assessed by an independent review committee.Secondary endpoints included progressionfree survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),duration of response,time to progression,disease control rate,and safety.Results:Of 179 patients screened,125 were eligible and received RC48 treatment.The ORR was 24.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:17.5%-33.3%).The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months(95%CI:3.7-4.9 months)and 7.9 months(95%CI:6.7-9.9 months),respectively.The most frequently reported adverse events were decreased white blood cell count(53.6%),asthenia(53.6%),hair loss(53.6%),decreased neutrophil count(52.0%),anemia(49.6%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(43.2%).Serious adverse events(SAEs)occurred in 45(36.0%)patients,and RC48-related SAEs were mainly decreased neutrophil count(3.2%).Seven patients had adverse events that led to death were not RC48-related.Conclusions:RC48 showed promising activity with manageable safety,suggesting potential application in patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.
