Background Stents are widely used in China but the clinical impression is somehow that restenosis is less common because of the lower prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD） and associated risk factors in Chines...Background Stents are widely used in China but the clinical impression is somehow that restenosis is less common because of the lower prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD） and associated risk factors in Chinese populations. However, no large-sample published studies are available on angiographic stent restenosis including those of bare-metal stent （BMS） or drug-eluting stent （DES） in Chinese Han ethnic population. Mothods A total of 1633 consecutive patients with CAD who had undergone coronary stenting, quantitative coronary angiography （QCA） were retrospectively studied. At the time of stent implantation and at 7 months post-stenting 675 patients had a follow-up angiography. Statistical analysis was made with the chi-square test for categorical variables, unpaired t test for continuous variables, univariate or multivariate regression for baseline and angiographic characteristics and the Kaplan-Meier method for rate of target lesion revascularization （TLR）. Results Stent restenosis was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis in the dilated segment. A total of 675 patients with 1074 lesions were subjected to angiographic follow-up for 7 months on average, Of these lesions, 448 were implanted with BMS whereas 626 lesions with DES. At 7 months, bare-metal in-stent restenosis occured in 148 lesions （33.0%）, and bare metal in-segment restenosis in 155 lesions （34.6%） in contrast to drug-eluting in-stent restenosis in 48 lesions （7.7%） and drug-eluting in-segment restenosis in 73 lesions （11.7%） （P〈0.001 compared with BMS respectively）. Late loss in both in-stent and in segment was higher in BMS than in DES groups [（1.00±0.69） vs （0.28±0.52）; （0.78±0.71） vs （0.21±0.52）, P〈0.001 respectively]. Angulated lesion, lesion length, pre-procedural minimal luminal diameter （MLD）, and BMS were independent predictors for TLR, （P〈0.01 respectively）, whereas current smoker, ostial lesion, and stent overlapping, post-procedure in-stent MLD, lesion length, an展开更多
The rubber tree,Hevea brasiliensis,produces natural rubber that serves as an essential industrial raw material.Here,we present a high-quality reference genome for a rubber tree cultivar GT1 using single-molecule real-...The rubber tree,Hevea brasiliensis,produces natural rubber that serves as an essential industrial raw material.Here,we present a high-quality reference genome for a rubber tree cultivar GT1 using single-molecule real-time sequencing(SMRT)and Hi-C technologies to anchor the～1.47-Gb genome assembly into 18 pseudochromosomes.The chromosome-based genome analysis enabled us to establish a model of spurge chromosome evolution,since the common paleopolyploid event occurred before the split of Hevea and Manihot.We show recent and rapid bursts of the three Hevea-specific LTR-retrotransposon families during the last 10 million years,leading to the massive expansion by～65.88%(～970 Mbp)of the whole rubber tree genome since the divergence from Manihot.We identify large-scale expansion of genes associated with whole rubber biosynthesis processes,such as basal metabolic processes,ethylene biosynthesis,and the activation of polysaccharide and glycoprotein lectin,which are important properties for latex production.A map of genomic variation between the cultivated and wild rubber trees was obtained,which contains～15.7 million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms.We identified hundreds of candidate domestication genes with drastically lowered genomic diversity in the cultivated but not wild rubber trees despite a relatively short domestication history of rubber tree,some of which are involved in rubber biosynthesis.This genome assembly represents key resources for future rubber tree research and breeding,providing novel targets for improving plant biotic and abiotic tolerance and rubber production.展开更多
Background The role of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） in in-stent restenosis （ISR） remains controversial. We investigated plasma hs-CRP level at both admission and follow-up in patients with s...Background The role of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） in in-stent restenosis （ISR） remains controversial. We investigated plasma hs-CRP level at both admission and follow-up in patients with stable angina （SA）after successful coronary stenting in order to clarify the predictive value of hs-CRP for ISR.Methods We summarized 303 consecutive chronic SA patients with coronary drug-eluting stent （DES） implantation.The ISR was analyzed by quantitative coronary analysis （QCA） at a mean follow-up of 8 months, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the detected ISR as ISR group （n=48） and non-ISR group （n=255）. Plasma hs-CRP was examined at both admission and 8-month follow-up in all patients, standard medication continued throughout the investigation period.Results QCA presented that 48 patients （15.8%） suffered from ISR at follow-up. The basic clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups, while plasma hs-CRP was higher in ISR group than that in non-ISR group at both admission and follow-up, P 〈0.001 respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that plasma hs-CRP level at either admission or follow-up could independently predict ISR occurrence （OR=5.581, 95% Cl 2.532-12.302, P〈0.001and OR=6.299, 95% CI 2.722-14.577, P 〈0.001, respectively）.Conclusions Our data indicate that plasma hs-CRP level may independently predict ISR at both admission and follow-up in SA patients with coronary DES implantation, which implies that a chronic, sustained systemic inflammatory response might be involved in ISR pathogenesis.展开更多
Background Although the role of C-reactive protein （CRP） in predicting rapid progression of atherosclerotic lesions has been intensively studied in unstable coronary artery disease, the data from patients with stabl...Background Although the role of C-reactive protein （CRP） in predicting rapid progression of atherosclerotic lesions has been intensively studied in unstable coronary artery disease, the data from patients with stable angina （SA） are largely absent. The present study evaluated a middle-size patient cohort who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with stent implantation and follow-up coronary angiography （CAG） and tested the hypothesis that increased plasma level of high-sensitive CRP would indicate rapid progression of de novo non-target coronary artery lesions in Chinese patients with SA.Methods The study population comprised of 311 consecutive patients with chronic SA who underwent coronary stent implantation on initial admission and angiographic follow-up （（8.5±1.2） months）. Rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesion was angiographically assessed and the patients were classified into two groups according to whether the progression existed or not. The relation of plasma CRP levels to the progression of atherosclerosis was investigated.Results Baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic data were similar in patients with and without progression.Rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesions occurred in 136 patients （43.7%） at follow-up： 77 had a ≥10%diameter reduction of pre-existing stenosis ≥50%, 26 had a ≥30% diameter reduction of a pre-existing stenosis 〈50%, 64 developed a new lesion ≥30% in a previously normal segment, and 4 had progression of a lesion to total occlusion.Progression of non-target lesions was not associated with target lesion restenosis formation. High-sensitive CRP levels were markedly higher in progression patients than in non-progression ones （1.60 （0.80-3.46） mg/L vs. 0.96 （0.55-1.87）mg/L, P 〈0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that plasma CRP independently predicted rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesions （P=0.001）. High-sensitive CRP levels above 1.32 mg/L （the cutoff展开更多
Background Muscle fibers overlying the intramyocardial segment of an epicardial coronary artery are termed myocardial bridging （MB）. Variable prevalence of MB has been described at autopsy and angiographic series wi...Background Muscle fibers overlying the intramyocardial segment of an epicardial coronary artery are termed myocardial bridging （MB）. Variable prevalence of MB has been described at autopsy and angiographic series with small and large sample size studies. In addition, no similar study was reported in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to investigate the angiographic prevalence of MB in consecutive 37 106 Chinese patients with chest pain from our center. Methods We conducted an observational study to evaluate the consecutive cases with MB among patients undergone selective coronary angiography, and analyzed the angiograhic prevalence and clinical features of MB in this study of very large sample size. Results Among 37 105 patients with chest pain we found 1002 cases with 1011 MBs in a retrospective manner, and the overall prevalence was 2.70%. Although more than 99% （991/1002） of patients had single bridge, 8 cases were found to have more than two MBs （seven with two, and one with three）. Altogether 54.39% of cases （545/1002） had MB without atherosclerotic lesions, and 96.24% （973/1011） of bridging located in the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD）, mainly in the middle of LAD （792/1011,78.33%）. According to Nobel classification, of the single bridge （n=-991）, 〈50% of obstruction was predominant （471/991,47.52%）. Totally 50%-69% accounted for 34.81% （345/991）, 〉70% of obstruction was 17.65% （175/991）. Conclusions These data showed that the prevalence of angiographically detectable MB in Chinese patients with chest pain was similar to those of the previous studies, with 2.7% prevalence in this very large sample size.展开更多
Background Several clinical trials have shown that rapamycin-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The Firebird stent and the Excel stent （coated...Background Several clinical trials have shown that rapamycin-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The Firebird stent and the Excel stent （coated with bioabsorbable polymer） are two different types of rapamycin-eluUng stents made in China, both have been recently approved for clinical use in China by State Food and Drug Administration. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in safety and efficacy between the two types of stents in daily practice. Methods In the month of June 2006, a total of 190 consecutive patients were treated exclusively with Firebird stents （n=93, Firebird group） or Excel stents （n=97, Excel group） in our center and were included in this study. The frequency of major adverse cardiac events （MACE, a composite of death, myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization）, binary restenosis, and late lumen loss and stent thrombosis dudng a six-month follow-up period were compared between the two groups. Results Patient and lesion characteristics were comparable between the groups. Major adverse cardiac event rates were low in hospital and at 6 months （2.1% in the Excel group and 0% in the Firebird group, P〉 0.05）. The 6-month angiographic in-stent restenosis rate was 0% in both groups, with an associated late loss of （0.15 ± 0.21） mm versus （0.14 ± 0.20） mm （P=0.858） and the in-segment restenosis rate was also 0% for the Excel group and the Firebird group. There was no definite stent thrombosis identified in either group during the six-month follow-up period and only one patient in the Excel group had probable stent thrombosis in hospital. Conclusions Results from this mid-term, single-center study showed that both of the Firebird and the Excel rapamycin eluUng stent had similar effects on reducing the incidence of MACE and the risk of restenosis （both in-stent and in-segment binary restenosis） after PCI in daily practice.展开更多
Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiologica...Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.展开更多
Background Several clinical trials have shown that sirolimus-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The FIREBIRD stent （coated with durable polyme...Background Several clinical trials have shown that sirolimus-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The FIREBIRD stent （coated with durable polymer） and the EXCEL stent （coated with bioabsorbable polymer） are two different types of sirolimus-eluting stents made in China; both have been approved for clinical use in China by the State Food and Drug Administration. The mid-term （6-month） angiographic and clinical results of both stents have been confirmed exciting perspective outcomes. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in the long-term safety and efficacy between the two types of stents in daily practice.Methods All consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI with EXCEL or FIREBIRD stents between June 1,2006 and December 31, 2006 at Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing were included. Patients were classified from the index admission according to stent types （EXCEL or FIREBIRD） used. Clinical and procedural risk factors were collected prospectively. With propensity score matching without replacement, the frequency of major adverse cardiac events （MACE, a composite of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization） and stent thrombosis during a 2-year follow-up period were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 474 patients were treated with EXCEL, and 640 were treated with FIREBIRD. Three hundred and ninety-seven EXCEL patients were matched to 397 FIREBIRD patients, 2-year risk-adjusted MACE rates were 6.1% in EXCEL group and 7.6% in FIREBIRD group （HR 0.84, 95%CI0.50-1.43）, whereas the respective rates for mortality, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularization were 2.3% vs 2.8% （HR 0.74, 95%CI0.30-0.85）, 1.8% vs 1.3% （HR 1.41,95%CI 0.45-4.43） and 2.5% vs 4.0% （HR 0.62, 95%CI0.28-0.37）, respectively. Cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis at 2 years was 1.8% in the EXCEL group vs 1.3% in the FIREBIRD group （P=0.5610）, whereas the rate of very late stent展开更多
文摘Background Stents are widely used in China but the clinical impression is somehow that restenosis is less common because of the lower prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD） and associated risk factors in Chinese populations. However, no large-sample published studies are available on angiographic stent restenosis including those of bare-metal stent （BMS） or drug-eluting stent （DES） in Chinese Han ethnic population. Mothods A total of 1633 consecutive patients with CAD who had undergone coronary stenting, quantitative coronary angiography （QCA） were retrospectively studied. At the time of stent implantation and at 7 months post-stenting 675 patients had a follow-up angiography. Statistical analysis was made with the chi-square test for categorical variables, unpaired t test for continuous variables, univariate or multivariate regression for baseline and angiographic characteristics and the Kaplan-Meier method for rate of target lesion revascularization （TLR）. Results Stent restenosis was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis in the dilated segment. A total of 675 patients with 1074 lesions were subjected to angiographic follow-up for 7 months on average, Of these lesions, 448 were implanted with BMS whereas 626 lesions with DES. At 7 months, bare-metal in-stent restenosis occured in 148 lesions （33.0%）, and bare metal in-segment restenosis in 155 lesions （34.6%） in contrast to drug-eluting in-stent restenosis in 48 lesions （7.7%） and drug-eluting in-segment restenosis in 73 lesions （11.7%） （P〈0.001 compared with BMS respectively）. Late loss in both in-stent and in segment was higher in BMS than in DES groups [（1.00±0.69） vs （0.28±0.52）; （0.78±0.71） vs （0.21±0.52）, P〈0.001 respectively]. Angulated lesion, lesion length, pre-procedural minimal luminal diameter （MLD）, and BMS were independent predictors for TLR, （P〈0.01 respectively）, whereas current smoker, ostial lesion, and stent overlapping, post-procedure in-stent MLD, lesion length, an
基金supported by Yunnan Innovation Team Project and the start-up grant from South China Agricultural University(to L.G.).
文摘The rubber tree,Hevea brasiliensis,produces natural rubber that serves as an essential industrial raw material.Here,we present a high-quality reference genome for a rubber tree cultivar GT1 using single-molecule real-time sequencing(SMRT)and Hi-C technologies to anchor the～1.47-Gb genome assembly into 18 pseudochromosomes.The chromosome-based genome analysis enabled us to establish a model of spurge chromosome evolution,since the common paleopolyploid event occurred before the split of Hevea and Manihot.We show recent and rapid bursts of the three Hevea-specific LTR-retrotransposon families during the last 10 million years,leading to the massive expansion by～65.88%(～970 Mbp)of the whole rubber tree genome since the divergence from Manihot.We identify large-scale expansion of genes associated with whole rubber biosynthesis processes,such as basal metabolic processes,ethylene biosynthesis,and the activation of polysaccharide and glycoprotein lectin,which are important properties for latex production.A map of genomic variation between the cultivated and wild rubber trees was obtained,which contains～15.7 million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms.We identified hundreds of candidate domestication genes with drastically lowered genomic diversity in the cultivated but not wild rubber trees despite a relatively short domestication history of rubber tree,some of which are involved in rubber biosynthesis.This genome assembly represents key resources for future rubber tree research and breeding,providing novel targets for improving plant biotic and abiotic tolerance and rubber production.
基金This study was partly supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30670861, No.30871055 and No. 8107017l）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No.7082081）, and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education of China （No. 20070023047）.
文摘Background The role of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） in in-stent restenosis （ISR） remains controversial. We investigated plasma hs-CRP level at both admission and follow-up in patients with stable angina （SA）after successful coronary stenting in order to clarify the predictive value of hs-CRP for ISR.Methods We summarized 303 consecutive chronic SA patients with coronary drug-eluting stent （DES） implantation.The ISR was analyzed by quantitative coronary analysis （QCA） at a mean follow-up of 8 months, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the detected ISR as ISR group （n=48） and non-ISR group （n=255）. Plasma hs-CRP was examined at both admission and 8-month follow-up in all patients, standard medication continued throughout the investigation period.Results QCA presented that 48 patients （15.8%） suffered from ISR at follow-up. The basic clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups, while plasma hs-CRP was higher in ISR group than that in non-ISR group at both admission and follow-up, P 〈0.001 respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that plasma hs-CRP level at either admission or follow-up could independently predict ISR occurrence （OR=5.581, 95% Cl 2.532-12.302, P〈0.001and OR=6.299, 95% CI 2.722-14.577, P 〈0.001, respectively）.Conclusions Our data indicate that plasma hs-CRP level may independently predict ISR at both admission and follow-up in SA patients with coronary DES implantation, which implies that a chronic, sustained systemic inflammatory response might be involved in ISR pathogenesis.
基金This study was partly supported by grants for PhD. candidate from Fu Wai Hospital （No. 2004190）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30670861, No. 30871055 and No. 81070171）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 7082081）, and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education of China （No. 20070023047）.
文摘Background Although the role of C-reactive protein （CRP） in predicting rapid progression of atherosclerotic lesions has been intensively studied in unstable coronary artery disease, the data from patients with stable angina （SA） are largely absent. The present study evaluated a middle-size patient cohort who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with stent implantation and follow-up coronary angiography （CAG） and tested the hypothesis that increased plasma level of high-sensitive CRP would indicate rapid progression of de novo non-target coronary artery lesions in Chinese patients with SA.Methods The study population comprised of 311 consecutive patients with chronic SA who underwent coronary stent implantation on initial admission and angiographic follow-up （（8.5±1.2） months）. Rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesion was angiographically assessed and the patients were classified into two groups according to whether the progression existed or not. The relation of plasma CRP levels to the progression of atherosclerosis was investigated.Results Baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic data were similar in patients with and without progression.Rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesions occurred in 136 patients （43.7%） at follow-up： 77 had a ≥10%diameter reduction of pre-existing stenosis ≥50%, 26 had a ≥30% diameter reduction of a pre-existing stenosis 〈50%, 64 developed a new lesion ≥30% in a previously normal segment, and 4 had progression of a lesion to total occlusion.Progression of non-target lesions was not associated with target lesion restenosis formation. High-sensitive CRP levels were markedly higher in progression patients than in non-progression ones （1.60 （0.80-3.46） mg/L vs. 0.96 （0.55-1.87）mg/L, P 〈0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that plasma CRP independently predicted rapid angiographic progression of non-target lesions （P=0.001）. High-sensitive CRP levels above 1.32 mg/L （the cutoff
文摘Background Muscle fibers overlying the intramyocardial segment of an epicardial coronary artery are termed myocardial bridging （MB）. Variable prevalence of MB has been described at autopsy and angiographic series with small and large sample size studies. In addition, no similar study was reported in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to investigate the angiographic prevalence of MB in consecutive 37 106 Chinese patients with chest pain from our center. Methods We conducted an observational study to evaluate the consecutive cases with MB among patients undergone selective coronary angiography, and analyzed the angiograhic prevalence and clinical features of MB in this study of very large sample size. Results Among 37 105 patients with chest pain we found 1002 cases with 1011 MBs in a retrospective manner, and the overall prevalence was 2.70%. Although more than 99% （991/1002） of patients had single bridge, 8 cases were found to have more than two MBs （seven with two, and one with three）. Altogether 54.39% of cases （545/1002） had MB without atherosclerotic lesions, and 96.24% （973/1011） of bridging located in the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD）, mainly in the middle of LAD （792/1011,78.33%）. According to Nobel classification, of the single bridge （n=-991）, 〈50% of obstruction was predominant （471/991,47.52%）. Totally 50%-69% accounted for 34.81% （345/991）, 〉70% of obstruction was 17.65% （175/991）. Conclusions These data showed that the prevalence of angiographically detectable MB in Chinese patients with chest pain was similar to those of the previous studies, with 2.7% prevalence in this very large sample size.
文摘Background Several clinical trials have shown that rapamycin-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The Firebird stent and the Excel stent （coated with bioabsorbable polymer） are two different types of rapamycin-eluUng stents made in China, both have been recently approved for clinical use in China by State Food and Drug Administration. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in safety and efficacy between the two types of stents in daily practice. Methods In the month of June 2006, a total of 190 consecutive patients were treated exclusively with Firebird stents （n=93, Firebird group） or Excel stents （n=97, Excel group） in our center and were included in this study. The frequency of major adverse cardiac events （MACE, a composite of death, myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization）, binary restenosis, and late lumen loss and stent thrombosis dudng a six-month follow-up period were compared between the two groups. Results Patient and lesion characteristics were comparable between the groups. Major adverse cardiac event rates were low in hospital and at 6 months （2.1% in the Excel group and 0% in the Firebird group, P〉 0.05）. The 6-month angiographic in-stent restenosis rate was 0% in both groups, with an associated late loss of （0.15 ± 0.21） mm versus （0.14 ± 0.20） mm （P=0.858） and the in-segment restenosis rate was also 0% for the Excel group and the Firebird group. There was no definite stent thrombosis identified in either group during the six-month follow-up period and only one patient in the Excel group had probable stent thrombosis in hospital. Conclusions Results from this mid-term, single-center study showed that both of the Firebird and the Excel rapamycin eluUng stent had similar effects on reducing the incidence of MACE and the risk of restenosis （both in-stent and in-segment binary restenosis） after PCI in daily practice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571179)National 863 Program of China(2006AA0Z156,2006AA10A115)
文摘Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.
文摘Background Several clinical trials have shown that sirolimus-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The FIREBIRD stent （coated with durable polymer） and the EXCEL stent （coated with bioabsorbable polymer） are two different types of sirolimus-eluting stents made in China; both have been approved for clinical use in China by the State Food and Drug Administration. The mid-term （6-month） angiographic and clinical results of both stents have been confirmed exciting perspective outcomes. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in the long-term safety and efficacy between the two types of stents in daily practice.Methods All consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI with EXCEL or FIREBIRD stents between June 1,2006 and December 31, 2006 at Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing were included. Patients were classified from the index admission according to stent types （EXCEL or FIREBIRD） used. Clinical and procedural risk factors were collected prospectively. With propensity score matching without replacement, the frequency of major adverse cardiac events （MACE, a composite of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization） and stent thrombosis during a 2-year follow-up period were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 474 patients were treated with EXCEL, and 640 were treated with FIREBIRD. Three hundred and ninety-seven EXCEL patients were matched to 397 FIREBIRD patients, 2-year risk-adjusted MACE rates were 6.1% in EXCEL group and 7.6% in FIREBIRD group （HR 0.84, 95%CI0.50-1.43）, whereas the respective rates for mortality, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularization were 2.3% vs 2.8% （HR 0.74, 95%CI0.30-0.85）, 1.8% vs 1.3% （HR 1.41,95%CI 0.45-4.43） and 2.5% vs 4.0% （HR 0.62, 95%CI0.28-0.37）, respectively. Cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis at 2 years was 1.8% in the EXCEL group vs 1.3% in the FIREBIRD group （P=0.5610）, whereas the rate of very late stent
