近期,世界卫生组织/国际癌症中心团队在A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(CA)杂志发表了最新的全球癌症统计数据。这份全球癌症负担现状的报告重点阐述了185个国家的36种癌症的发病和死亡情况,分析了癌症的区域性差异,并预估全球2018年...近期,世界卫生组织/国际癌症中心团队在A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(CA)杂志发表了最新的全球癌症统计数据。这份全球癌症负担现状的报告重点阐述了185个国家的36种癌症的发病和死亡情况,分析了癌症的区域性差异,并预估全球2018年将新增1810万癌症病例和970万癌症死亡病例。北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室团队对该报告进行了整理,并结合中国肿瘤登记现况进行简要解读。展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patien...Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.展开更多
In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment,the field in-situ infi...In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment,the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess,alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province,and the following results were obtained:(1)The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities;(2)the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment,and the residual state,iron and manganese oxidation state,strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment;mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt,tailings and clayey silt soil layer,and mercury has certain stability,and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media;(3)under the flooding condition,most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed,and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection;(4)infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground;(5)the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard.Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time,relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process,especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes,and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history.At present,the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable,but the water and soil layers have been po展开更多
文摘近期,世界卫生组织/国际癌症中心团队在A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(CA)杂志发表了最新的全球癌症统计数据。这份全球癌症负担现状的报告重点阐述了185个国家的36种癌症的发病和死亡情况,分析了癌症的区域性差异,并预估全球2018年将新增1810万癌症病例和970万癌症死亡病例。北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室团队对该报告进行了整理,并结合中国肿瘤登记现况进行简要解读。
基金supported by Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Diseases (ZLYNXM202009)。
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
基金This study was funded by the survey projects initiated by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(1212010741003,1212011220224,and 121201011000150022)China Geological Survey(DD20189220,DD20211317)+2 种基金the public welfare scientific research project launched by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(201111020)the project of 2015 Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(2015JM4129)the project of 2016 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(an open-end fund)(310829161128).
文摘In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment,the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess,alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province,and the following results were obtained:(1)The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities;(2)the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment,and the residual state,iron and manganese oxidation state,strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment;mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt,tailings and clayey silt soil layer,and mercury has certain stability,and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media;(3)under the flooding condition,most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed,and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection;(4)infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground;(5)the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard.Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time,relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process,especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes,and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history.At present,the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable,but the water and soil layers have been po
