Grain number per-panicle is one of the most important components for rice yield. Spikelets on the primary and secondary branches determine the grain number per-panicle in rice. In this study, we identified a natural m...Grain number per-panicle is one of the most important components for rice yield. Spikelets on the primary and secondary branches determine the grain number per-panicle in rice. In this study, we identified a natural mutant, gnp4, lack of lateral spikelet on the secondary branches in the field condition. In addition, the Gnp4 and Lax1-1 double mutant showed dramatically reduced secondary branches and spikelets in panicle at reproductive stage, and tillers at vegetative stage. By map-based cloning approach, and using four F2 segregating populations, the Gnp4 gene was finally mapped to a 10.7-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 4 in rice. In this region, only one gene was predicted, and genomic DNA sequencing of the 10.7-kb region showed no nucleotide differences between the mutant and wild type. Interestingly, we found that the methylation level of several cytosines in the promoter CpG islands region of the predicted gene in gnp4 were different from the wild type. Thus, we propose that the DNA methylation changes at these sites may induce to decrease expression level of Gnp4, consequently, resulting in phenotypic variation.展开更多
介绍了3种X射线空气质量衰减系数的测量方法:移动距离法、抽真空法、EGSnrc蒙特卡罗模拟计算法。给出了抽真空法中真空管内空气质量厚度改变量的计算公式,并模拟分析了真空管Be窗对实验的影响。移动距离法与抽真空法得到的结果较接近,...介绍了3种X射线空气质量衰减系数的测量方法:移动距离法、抽真空法、EGSnrc蒙特卡罗模拟计算法。给出了抽真空法中真空管内空气质量厚度改变量的计算公式,并模拟分析了真空管Be窗对实验的影响。移动距离法与抽真空法得到的结果较接近,验证了抽真空法实验的合理性。当X射线能量为6 ke V、20 ke V时,EGSnrc蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果与NIST标准数据库数值偏差分别为0. 01%、0. 26%。展开更多
Meeting the continuous glucose monitoring requirements of individuals necessitates the research and development of sensors with high sensitivity and stability.In this study,a straightforward strategy was proposed for ...Meeting the continuous glucose monitoring requirements of individuals necessitates the research and development of sensors with high sensitivity and stability.In this study,a straightforward strategy was proposed for synthesizing ultra-thin oxygen-rich graphitized carbon nanosheets(denoted as GCS-O).These nanosheets are obtained by calcining a topologically two-dimensional indium-based coordination polymer.Subsequently,the growth of FeNi Prussian blue analogue(PBA)on GCS-O effectively introduces active sites and increases the nitrogen content within the carbonaceous matrix.The resulting FeNi-PBA/GCS-O composite exhibits excellent glucose sensing performance with a broad linear range of 1 to 1300μmol·L^(-1).Meanwhile,it also achieves a high sensitivity of 2496μA·mmol^(-1)·L·cm^(-2),a limit of detection of 100nmol·L^(-1)(S/N=3),and commendable long-term durability.The relatively simple synthesis process,exceptional sensitivity,and satisfactory electrochemical sensing performance of FeNi-PBA/GCS-O open up new directions for biosensor applications.展开更多
With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere ...With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere microbes and Bt protein residues. In 2013 and 2014, investigations were conducted on the rhizosphere microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and Bt protein contents of the soil under transgenic Bt cotton （variety GK19） and its parental non-transgenic cotton （Simian 3） cultivated at various salinity levels （1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m-1）. Under soil salinity stress, trace amounts of Bt proteins were ob- served in the Bt cotton GK19 rhizosphere soil, although the protein content increased with cotton growth and increased soil salinity levels. The populations of slight halophilic bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria decreased with increased soil salinity in the Bt and non-Bt cotton rhizosphere soil, and the microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased. Correlation analyses showed that the increased Bt protein content in the Bt cotton rhizosphere soil may have been caused by the slower decomposition of soil microorganisms, which suggests that salinity was the main factor influencing the relevant activities of the soil microorganisms and indicates that Bt proteins had no clear adverse effects on the soil microorganisms. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for risk assessments of genetically modified cotton in saline alkaline soil.展开更多
基金funded by the Project of the 973 Program(2010CB125904)the 948 Program (2011-G2B)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171521)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2009BADA2B01)
文摘Grain number per-panicle is one of the most important components for rice yield. Spikelets on the primary and secondary branches determine the grain number per-panicle in rice. In this study, we identified a natural mutant, gnp4, lack of lateral spikelet on the secondary branches in the field condition. In addition, the Gnp4 and Lax1-1 double mutant showed dramatically reduced secondary branches and spikelets in panicle at reproductive stage, and tillers at vegetative stage. By map-based cloning approach, and using four F2 segregating populations, the Gnp4 gene was finally mapped to a 10.7-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 4 in rice. In this region, only one gene was predicted, and genomic DNA sequencing of the 10.7-kb region showed no nucleotide differences between the mutant and wild type. Interestingly, we found that the methylation level of several cytosines in the promoter CpG islands region of the predicted gene in gnp4 were different from the wild type. Thus, we propose that the DNA methylation changes at these sites may induce to decrease expression level of Gnp4, consequently, resulting in phenotypic variation.
文摘介绍了3种X射线空气质量衰减系数的测量方法:移动距离法、抽真空法、EGSnrc蒙特卡罗模拟计算法。给出了抽真空法中真空管内空气质量厚度改变量的计算公式,并模拟分析了真空管Be窗对实验的影响。移动距离法与抽真空法得到的结果较接近,验证了抽真空法实验的合理性。当X射线能量为6 ke V、20 ke V时,EGSnrc蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果与NIST标准数据库数值偏差分别为0. 01%、0. 26%。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21601137)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ16B010003)+2 种基金Basic Science and Technology Research Project of Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province(No.H20220001)the Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities Association(No.202101BA070001-042)the Yunnan Province Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project(202105AC 160060)。
文摘Meeting the continuous glucose monitoring requirements of individuals necessitates the research and development of sensors with high sensitivity and stability.In this study,a straightforward strategy was proposed for synthesizing ultra-thin oxygen-rich graphitized carbon nanosheets(denoted as GCS-O).These nanosheets are obtained by calcining a topologically two-dimensional indium-based coordination polymer.Subsequently,the growth of FeNi Prussian blue analogue(PBA)on GCS-O effectively introduces active sites and increases the nitrogen content within the carbonaceous matrix.The resulting FeNi-PBA/GCS-O composite exhibits excellent glucose sensing performance with a broad linear range of 1 to 1300μmol·L^(-1).Meanwhile,it also achieves a high sensitivity of 2496μA·mmol^(-1)·L·cm^(-2),a limit of detection of 100nmol·L^(-1)(S/N=3),and commendable long-term durability.The relatively simple synthesis process,exceptional sensitivity,and satisfactory electrochemical sensing performance of FeNi-PBA/GCS-O open up new directions for biosensor applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501253)the Project for the Development of Genetically Modified Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China (2016ZX08011-002)
文摘With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere microbes and Bt protein residues. In 2013 and 2014, investigations were conducted on the rhizosphere microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and Bt protein contents of the soil under transgenic Bt cotton （variety GK19） and its parental non-transgenic cotton （Simian 3） cultivated at various salinity levels （1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m-1）. Under soil salinity stress, trace amounts of Bt proteins were ob- served in the Bt cotton GK19 rhizosphere soil, although the protein content increased with cotton growth and increased soil salinity levels. The populations of slight halophilic bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria decreased with increased soil salinity in the Bt and non-Bt cotton rhizosphere soil, and the microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased. Correlation analyses showed that the increased Bt protein content in the Bt cotton rhizosphere soil may have been caused by the slower decomposition of soil microorganisms, which suggests that salinity was the main factor influencing the relevant activities of the soil microorganisms and indicates that Bt proteins had no clear adverse effects on the soil microorganisms. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for risk assessments of genetically modified cotton in saline alkaline soil.
