Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9...Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone ...African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone and generated a series of genedeleted viruses.The virulence,immunogenicity,safety,and protective efficacy evaluation in specific-pathogen-free pigs,commercial pigs,and pregnant sows indicated that one virus,namely HLJ/18-7GD,which has seven genes deleted,is fully attenuated in pigs,cannot convert to the virulent strain,and provides complete protection of pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.Our study shows that HLJ/-18-7GD is a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV,and as such is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of ASFV.展开更多
Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several ...Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. Th展开更多
近年来,翻转课堂成为高校信息化教学的主流模式。随着SPOC与翻转课堂的结合,对SPOC式翻转课堂教学效果的研究层出不穷,且大部分研究呈现教学效果良好的结论。但是,这些基于小样本的研究结论并不能作为推广SPOC翻转课堂的证据。因此,本...近年来,翻转课堂成为高校信息化教学的主流模式。随着SPOC与翻转课堂的结合,对SPOC式翻转课堂教学效果的研究层出不穷,且大部分研究呈现教学效果良好的结论。但是,这些基于小样本的研究结论并不能作为推广SPOC翻转课堂的证据。因此,本研究采用系统评价方法对比分析SPOC翻转课堂与传统教学的教学效果,并通过元分析方法对其效应值进行统计分析,以便加大样本量,得出更为科学的结论。本研究通过检索2007年1月至2018年7月ERIC、Teacher Reference Center、Education Research Complete、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方等大型数据库以及Cochrane Collaboration Library、Campbell Collaboration Library、EPPI、WWC、System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (Open SIGLE)等在线研究平台,根据纳入排除标准排查所有对比分析SPOC翻转课堂与传统课堂教学有效性的量化研究,对纳入研究进行质量评价,对最终纳入的19项原始对照研究提取相关数据。本研究利用Rev Man Manager 5. 3软件进行元分析,结果显示:SPOC翻转课堂的考试成绩、知识理解能力、知识应用能力、自学能力、自我管理能力、学习动机均高于传统课堂; SPOC翻转课堂与传统课堂的及格率、优秀率、协作能力均无显著差异;学生对SPOC翻转课堂的学习兴趣、认真程度、学习参与度、满意度均较高。鉴于纳入研究的诸多局限性,该结论还有待进一步验证。展开更多
AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying intestinalbarrier function damage after severe trauma and thetherapeutic effect of glutamine.METHODS: Burned patients, and animal models of severstrauma replicated by hemor...AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying intestinalbarrier function damage after severe trauma and thetherapeutic effect of glutamine.METHODS: Burned patients, and animal models of severstrauma replicated by hemorrhagic shock combined withendotoxin infusion and burn injury, were included in a serialexperiment. Effects of oral glutamine on intestinal barrierfunction were observed in scalded rets. Parametersmeasured in these experiments were as follows: plasmalevels of diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factor(TNFα), endotoxin (LPS), and lactate as well as D-lactateby biochemical methods, lactose/mannitol (L/M) ratio inurine by SP-3400, and pathological examination of intestinalmucosa under light microscopy.RESULTS: Plasma DAO activity was significantly increasedafter injury. There was a negative correlation betweenplasma DAO and intestinal mucosal DAO or pHi ( r= -0.93,plasma 0.80 ± 0.93,2.83 ± 1.71, 1.14 ± 0.64,2.36 ± 2.06 and2.49± 1.67 vs intestinal 0.52± 0.12,0.34 ± 0.03,0.45 ± 0.18,0.37± 0.26 and 0.41 ± 0.07; r = - 0.533, plasma 0.87 ± 0.75,1.89± 1.13, 1.21 ± 0.23,3.03 ± 2.61 and 4.70 ± 1.22 Vs pHi7.03± 0.05,7.05 ± 0.06,7.14 ± 0.096,7.20 ± 0.08 and 7.05 ±0.07; P ＜ 0.01-0.05). Positive correlations were foundbetween DAO activity and plasma TNFα, LPS, lactate, L/Mand D-lactate ( r = 0.817, 0.842, 0.872, and 0.951; plasmaDAO 0.87 ± 0.75,1.89 ± 1.13, 1.21 ± 0.23,3.03 ± 2.61 and 4.70± 1.22 vs TNF 0.08 ± 0.02,0.03 ± 0.25,0.17 ± 0.09,0.34 ± 0.15and 0.33 ± 0.18; vs LPS 0.14 ± 0.03,0.16 ± 0.04,0.21 ± 0.02,0.18± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.10; vs lactate 9.03 ± 2.19, 18.30 ±2.56,9.81 ± 2.83,12.01 ± 6.83, 12.01 ± 6.84 and 43.61 ± 11.27;vs L/M 0.03 ± 0.01,0.41 ± 0.27,0.62 ± 0.20, 1.70 ± 0.60; r =0.774, plasma DAO 1.25 ± 0.41,2.17 ± 0.71,2.29 ± 0.87, 1.23± 0.55 and 1.11 ± 0.47 vs D-lactate 8.37 ± 2.48, 18.25 ± 6.18,13.96 ± 4.94, 8.93 ± 3.00 and 12.39 ± 4.94; all P ＜ 0.01),repestively. Damage of intestinal mucosa was found bypathological examination. Intestinal barri展开更多
目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组...目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组(n=37)。在会阴切开术或会阴修补术前进行0.75%罗哌卡因或1%利多卡因会阴局部浸润。用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)对分娩过程中及分娩后会阴疼痛进行评价分级,并对产妇满意度进行评价。结果在注药后1 min (33 vs 26例,P=0.043),产后3 h (31 vs 20例,P=0.006)、4 h (27 vs 11例,P<0.001)、6 h (20 vs 0例,P=0.030),罗哌卡因组VAS为0的产妇多于利多卡因组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分娩后坐立(11 vs 0例,P<0.001)、排尿(22 vs 3例,P<0.001)和睡觉(32 vs 24例,P=0.030)时,罗哌卡因组VAS评分为0的产妇人数均多于利多卡因组。罗哌卡因组对分娩镇痛满意的产妇(评价为非常满意和满意)多于利多卡因组(36 vs 29例,P=0.013)。罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组新生儿Apgar评分、脐动静脉pH值、碱剩余、乳酸含量、二氧化碳分压和血红蛋白含量组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论罗哌卡因会阴浸润麻醉较之于利多卡因能提供更快和更长时间的镇痛,可显著提高椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩产妇的满意度。展开更多
AIM: To identify whether JTE-522 can induce apoptosis in AGS cells and ROS also involved in the process, and to investigate the changes in NF-kB, p53, bcl-2 and caspase in the apoptosis process. METHODS: Cell culture,...AIM: To identify whether JTE-522 can induce apoptosis in AGS cells and ROS also involved in the process, and to investigate the changes in NF-kB, p53, bcl-2 and caspase in the apoptosis process. METHODS: Cell culture, MTT, Electromicroscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, lucigenin, Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis were employed to investigate the effect of JTE-522 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in AGS cells and related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: JTE-522 inhibited the growth of AGS cells and induced the apoptosis. Lucigenin assay showed the generation of ROS in cells under incubation with JTE-522. The increased ROS generation might contribute to the induction of AGS cells to apoptosis. EMSA and Western blot revealed that NF-kB activity was almost completely inhibited by preventing the degradation of IkBalpha. Additionally, by using Western blot we confirmed that the level of bcl-2 was decreased, whereas p53 showed a great increase following JTE-522 treatment. Their changes were in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that reactive oxygen species, NF-kB, p53, bcl-2 and caspase-3 may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in AGS cells after treatment with JTE-522.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the project of Yunnan Innovation Team Project, the Hundreds Oversea Talents Program of Yunnan Province, the Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （Grant 20080A009）, the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （201401 PC00397）, National Science Foundation of China （U0936603）, Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （2008CC016）, Frontier Grant of Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS （672705232515）, Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （20080A009）, and Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） （to L.G.）.
文摘Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1200601)Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA19B301)+1 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020211004)the grant from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Program(SKLVBP201801)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone and generated a series of genedeleted viruses.The virulence,immunogenicity,safety,and protective efficacy evaluation in specific-pathogen-free pigs,commercial pigs,and pregnant sows indicated that one virus,namely HLJ/18-7GD,which has seven genes deleted,is fully attenuated in pigs,cannot convert to the virulent strain,and provides complete protection of pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.Our study shows that HLJ/-18-7GD is a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV,and as such is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of ASFV.
文摘Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. Th
文摘近年来,翻转课堂成为高校信息化教学的主流模式。随着SPOC与翻转课堂的结合,对SPOC式翻转课堂教学效果的研究层出不穷,且大部分研究呈现教学效果良好的结论。但是,这些基于小样本的研究结论并不能作为推广SPOC翻转课堂的证据。因此,本研究采用系统评价方法对比分析SPOC翻转课堂与传统教学的教学效果,并通过元分析方法对其效应值进行统计分析,以便加大样本量,得出更为科学的结论。本研究通过检索2007年1月至2018年7月ERIC、Teacher Reference Center、Education Research Complete、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方等大型数据库以及Cochrane Collaboration Library、Campbell Collaboration Library、EPPI、WWC、System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (Open SIGLE)等在线研究平台,根据纳入排除标准排查所有对比分析SPOC翻转课堂与传统课堂教学有效性的量化研究,对纳入研究进行质量评价,对最终纳入的19项原始对照研究提取相关数据。本研究利用Rev Man Manager 5. 3软件进行元分析,结果显示:SPOC翻转课堂的考试成绩、知识理解能力、知识应用能力、自学能力、自我管理能力、学习动机均高于传统课堂; SPOC翻转课堂与传统课堂的及格率、优秀率、协作能力均无显著差异;学生对SPOC翻转课堂的学习兴趣、认真程度、学习参与度、满意度均较高。鉴于纳入研究的诸多局限性,该结论还有待进一步验证。
基金the Key Project of the"Tenth Five-Year Plan"of the Chinese PLA(01L081)
文摘AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying intestinalbarrier function damage after severe trauma and thetherapeutic effect of glutamine.METHODS: Burned patients, and animal models of severstrauma replicated by hemorrhagic shock combined withendotoxin infusion and burn injury, were included in a serialexperiment. Effects of oral glutamine on intestinal barrierfunction were observed in scalded rets. Parametersmeasured in these experiments were as follows: plasmalevels of diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factor(TNFα), endotoxin (LPS), and lactate as well as D-lactateby biochemical methods, lactose/mannitol (L/M) ratio inurine by SP-3400, and pathological examination of intestinalmucosa under light microscopy.RESULTS: Plasma DAO activity was significantly increasedafter injury. There was a negative correlation betweenplasma DAO and intestinal mucosal DAO or pHi ( r= -0.93,plasma 0.80 ± 0.93,2.83 ± 1.71, 1.14 ± 0.64,2.36 ± 2.06 and2.49± 1.67 vs intestinal 0.52± 0.12,0.34 ± 0.03,0.45 ± 0.18,0.37± 0.26 and 0.41 ± 0.07; r = - 0.533, plasma 0.87 ± 0.75,1.89± 1.13, 1.21 ± 0.23,3.03 ± 2.61 and 4.70 ± 1.22 Vs pHi7.03± 0.05,7.05 ± 0.06,7.14 ± 0.096,7.20 ± 0.08 and 7.05 ±0.07; P ＜ 0.01-0.05). Positive correlations were foundbetween DAO activity and plasma TNFα, LPS, lactate, L/Mand D-lactate ( r = 0.817, 0.842, 0.872, and 0.951; plasmaDAO 0.87 ± 0.75,1.89 ± 1.13, 1.21 ± 0.23,3.03 ± 2.61 and 4.70± 1.22 vs TNF 0.08 ± 0.02,0.03 ± 0.25,0.17 ± 0.09,0.34 ± 0.15and 0.33 ± 0.18; vs LPS 0.14 ± 0.03,0.16 ± 0.04,0.21 ± 0.02,0.18± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.10; vs lactate 9.03 ± 2.19, 18.30 ±2.56,9.81 ± 2.83,12.01 ± 6.83, 12.01 ± 6.84 and 43.61 ± 11.27;vs L/M 0.03 ± 0.01,0.41 ± 0.27,0.62 ± 0.20, 1.70 ± 0.60; r =0.774, plasma DAO 1.25 ± 0.41,2.17 ± 0.71,2.29 ± 0.87, 1.23± 0.55 and 1.11 ± 0.47 vs D-lactate 8.37 ± 2.48, 18.25 ± 6.18,13.96 ± 4.94, 8.93 ± 3.00 and 12.39 ± 4.94; all P ＜ 0.01),repestively. Damage of intestinal mucosa was found bypathological examination. Intestinal barri
文摘目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组(n=37)。在会阴切开术或会阴修补术前进行0.75%罗哌卡因或1%利多卡因会阴局部浸润。用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)对分娩过程中及分娩后会阴疼痛进行评价分级,并对产妇满意度进行评价。结果在注药后1 min (33 vs 26例,P=0.043),产后3 h (31 vs 20例,P=0.006)、4 h (27 vs 11例,P<0.001)、6 h (20 vs 0例,P=0.030),罗哌卡因组VAS为0的产妇多于利多卡因组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分娩后坐立(11 vs 0例,P<0.001)、排尿(22 vs 3例,P<0.001)和睡觉(32 vs 24例,P=0.030)时,罗哌卡因组VAS评分为0的产妇人数均多于利多卡因组。罗哌卡因组对分娩镇痛满意的产妇(评价为非常满意和满意)多于利多卡因组(36 vs 29例,P=0.013)。罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组新生儿Apgar评分、脐动静脉pH值、碱剩余、乳酸含量、二氧化碳分压和血红蛋白含量组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论罗哌卡因会阴浸润麻醉较之于利多卡因能提供更快和更长时间的镇痛,可显著提高椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩产妇的满意度。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39770300,30070873the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council Foundation,No.98-33
文摘AIM: To identify whether JTE-522 can induce apoptosis in AGS cells and ROS also involved in the process, and to investigate the changes in NF-kB, p53, bcl-2 and caspase in the apoptosis process. METHODS: Cell culture, MTT, Electromicroscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, lucigenin, Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis were employed to investigate the effect of JTE-522 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in AGS cells and related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: JTE-522 inhibited the growth of AGS cells and induced the apoptosis. Lucigenin assay showed the generation of ROS in cells under incubation with JTE-522. The increased ROS generation might contribute to the induction of AGS cells to apoptosis. EMSA and Western blot revealed that NF-kB activity was almost completely inhibited by preventing the degradation of IkBalpha. Additionally, by using Western blot we confirmed that the level of bcl-2 was decreased, whereas p53 showed a great increase following JTE-522 treatment. Their changes were in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that reactive oxygen species, NF-kB, p53, bcl-2 and caspase-3 may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in AGS cells after treatment with JTE-522.
