The capacities of natural and modified Brazilian bentonite samples as adsorbents to remove hexavalent metal chromium were investigated under several conditions in batch and column methods. The raw material, Ca-bentoni...The capacities of natural and modified Brazilian bentonite samples as adsorbents to remove hexavalent metal chromium were investigated under several conditions in batch and column methods. The raw material, Ca-bentonite, was modified by anchorament of 3-aminopropyltrietoxisilane （APS） and 3,2- aminoethylaminopropyltrimetoxisilane （AEAPS） in the surface of bentonite sample： This type of new occurrence of bentonite is suitable as a raw material for adsorption process. Adsorption behavior of three bentonite types was strongly depending on pH of adsorbate solution, contact time adsorbent/adsorbate, and initial concentration of Cr（VI）. The results were confirmed by column method and reveals that the adsorption process of materials accorded by the Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and tang- muir isotherm models. The exothermic entbalpic values reflected a favorable energetic process for chro- mium ions anchored in the material surfaces. The negative Gibbs free energy results supported the spontaneity of three adsorption reactions with Cr（VI） ions.展开更多
We present a facile and controllable method for the large-scale fabrication of highly-ordered octahedral Fe3O4 colloidal ＂single crystals＂ without the assistance of a substrate. Oleic acid is used to reduce the solu...We present a facile and controllable method for the large-scale fabrication of highly-ordered octahedral Fe3O4 colloidal ＂single crystals＂ without the assistance of a substrate. Oleic acid is used to reduce the solubility of the nano-building blocks in colloidal solution and to induce a ＂crystallization＂ process. Our colloidal crystals are of multimicron size and show typical crystallographic characteristics. They have a very robust structure and can serve as a novel ordered magnetic mesoporous material with a relatively narrow pore size distribution. The sample possesses an extremely high Verwey transition temperature （Tv） of 100 K and a high saturation magnetization （Ms） of 86 emu/g at 5 K based on its good crystallinity, as well as the interparticle dipolar interaction behavior arising from its unique structure. Electrochemical measurements have demonstrated the excellent capacity of the mesoporous colloidal crystals when used in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to compare the cortical topographic mapping while performing cognitive activities of standardized short-term memory. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 individuals of both ge...Objective: This study aimed to compare the cortical topographic mapping while performing cognitive activities of standardized short-term memory. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 individuals of both gender. Each individual participant of the survey was subjected to a short-term memory test for each sense. To carry out the EEG record, we used an electroencephalograph with 20 electrodes. The stimulus for the acquisition of short-term memory has always been made up of five items from different semantic classes. Results: The posterior right quadrant had a higher percentage of gamma rhythm during the tests of most senses. Conclusion: It was concluded that the right back quadrant has a higher gamma rhythms percentage during tests which involve somesthetic, olfactory and gustatory memory. On the other hand, the predominance of a gamma rhythm percentage in any quadrant when the auditory and visual memory was stimulated was not observed in this study.展开更多
A closed-loop teleprompter system was used to isolate and manipulate social interactivity in thenatural courtship interactions of pigeons Columbia livia. In Experiment 1, a live face-to-face real-time interaction betw...A closed-loop teleprompter system was used to isolate and manipulate social interactivity in thenatural courtship interactions of pigeons Columbia livia. In Experiment 1, a live face-to-face real-time interaction between 2 courting pigeons （Live） was compared to a played back version of thevideo stimulus recorded during the pairs Live interaction. We found that pigeons were behavinginteractively; their behavior depended on the relationships between their own signals and those oftheir partner. In Experiment 2, we tested whether social interactivity relies on spatial cues presentin the facing direction of a partner＇s display. By moving the teleprompter camera 90~ away from itsoriginal location, the partner＇s display was manipulated to appear as if it is directed 90~ away fromthe subject. We found no effect of spatial offset on the pigeon＇s behavioral response. In Experiment3, 3 time delays, 1 s, 3s, and 9s, a Live condition, and a playback condition were chosen to investi-gate the importance of temporal contiguity in social interactivity. Furthermore, both opposite-sex（courtship） and same-sex （rivalry） pairs were studied to investigate whether social-context affectssocial interactivity sensitivity. Our results showed that pigeon courtship behavior is sensitive totemporal contiguity. Behavior declined in the 9 s and Playback conditions as compared to Live con-dition and the shorter time delays. For males only, courtship behavior also increased in the 3-sdelay condition. The effect of social interactivity and time delay was not observed in rivalry inter-actions, suggesting that social interactivity may be specific to courtship.展开更多
四、结果孩子们＂地图＂概念的形成过程国家地理教育实施项目鼓励四年级的学生识别和描述地理表达方式的特性和功能（Heffron and Downs,2012）。通过几节课的观察,我们发现,学生似乎很容易掌握如何对地图命名,且至少能掌握一种地图的...四、结果孩子们＂地图＂概念的形成过程国家地理教育实施项目鼓励四年级的学生识别和描述地理表达方式的特性和功能（Heffron and Downs,2012）。通过几节课的观察,我们发现,学生似乎很容易掌握如何对地图命名,且至少能掌握一种地图的用途。因此,我们预估学生在＂理解地图＂的测试中,表现较好,至少比在其他图像工具上的表现要好。展开更多
Abstract Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by reallocating resources. In ...Abstract Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by reallocating resources. In this paper, authors consider a machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times. In the first part of this paper, a special case where the processing times and compression costs are uniform among jobs is discussed. Theoretical results are derived that aid in developing an O(n 2) algorithm to slove the problem optimally. In the second part of this paper, authors generalize the discussion to general case. An effective heuristic to the general problem will be presented.展开更多
Nowadays,radiation engineering is a promising direction in the creation of semiconductor devices.The proton irradiation is used to controllably change the optical,electrical,recombination,mechanical and structural pro...Nowadays,radiation engineering is a promising direction in the creation of semiconductor devices.The proton irradiation is used to controllably change the optical,electrical,recombination,mechanical and structural properties of the semiconductors.Low-energy protons make it possible to purposefully change material properties near the surface where the n^(+)-p junction is located.In this paper,the impact of low-energy protons on the electro physical parameters of n+-p-p+silicon photoelectric converters(SPC)is analyzed.The current-voltage characteristics and switching time of these SPCs are measured.The switching time is determined using rectangular bipolar voltage pulses with an amplitude of 10 mV,a frequency of 200 kHz,or a frequency of 1 MHz.A theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained results is performed.The comparison of experimental data with the results of calculations shows that protons with an energy of 180 keV and a dose of 10×15 cm^(-2) create two regions in the space charge region of the n^(+)-p junction with different switching times of 4.2×10^(-7) s and 5.5×10^(-8) s.SPC frequency characteristics have been improved by reducing the effective lifetime by 5-10 times.This effect can be used to create high-speed photodiodes with an operating modulation frequency of 18 MHz.展开更多
Southern India and Sri-Lanka are the places where “incipient charnockites”,i.e.the local transformation of amphibolite-facies gneisses into orthopyroxene-bearing,igneous looking charnockites,have been discovered in ...Southern India and Sri-Lanka are the places where “incipient charnockites”,i.e.the local transformation of amphibolite-facies gneisses into orthopyroxene-bearing,igneous looking charnockites,have been discovered in the early sixties.The fact that some incipient charnockites occur along a network of brittle fractures,together with CO2 remnants preserved in mineral inclusions,had called for the role of fluids during charnockite alteration.The present work presents new observations on fluid inclusions and microtextures of incipient charnockites from type localities in southern India.In addition to CO2-rich fluid inclusions in quartz and feldspar,all of the occurrences have disrupted remnants of concentrated aqueous alkali chloride solutions.CO2 inclusions are more abundant in paragneiss (Kerala) than in orthogneiss (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu).The finding of disrupted brine inclusions in the Kabbal charnockite is a key link between closely associated massive charnockites and Closepet Granite,both of which also share the brine remnants.All of the occurrences studied here have feldspar or feldspar-quartz microvein networks along grain boundaries of recrystallized quartz,feldspar and orthopyroxene.These metasomatic veins again indicate the action of alkali-exchanging fluids (i.e.,saline solutions).Feldspar microveins,which have been found in most “massive” charnockites,along with the CO2-rich fluid inclusions,suggest a commonality of incipient charnockite and massive charnockite,both types differing in intensity of interaction with metasomatizing pore fluids.展开更多
Background: Episodes of sudden uncontrollable somnolence have been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) receiving dopamine agonists, including pramipexole and ropinirole, but controversy persists concernin...Background: Episodes of sudden uncontrollable somnolence have been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) receiving dopamine agonists, including pramipexole and ropinirole, but controversy persists concerning their nature, severity, and frequency. Abstract:Objectives: To quantify the risk of sudden uncontrollable somnolence in patients taking specific PD medications and to define its predictors. Methods: We contacted 929 patients with PD and administered a 45-to 60-minute interview addressing medication use, adverse events, and the patient’s clinical status in the preceding 6 months. Their physicians completed record reviews detailing their clinical histories and drug regimens. The outcome of interest in this case-control study was an episode of somnolence that was uncontrollable, severe, and inappropriate, such as while driving or engaged in social activity. For multiple events, the first was chosen as the index event. For each case, we sampled control time from all respondents who had no event as of the index time for that case. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Episodes of uncontrollable somnolence were reported by 22%of all respondents. After controlling for age, sex, PD duration and severity, frailty, and other medication use, we found that patients receiving a dopamine agonist (pramipexole, ropinirole, or pergolide) were nearly 3-fold as likely to have episodes of sudden uncontrollable somnolence (odds ratio, 2.8; 95%confidence interval, 1.8-4.2) compared with all other PD medication users. Similar risks were seen for the 3 agents, pramipexole, ropinirole, and pergolide, each compared with levodopa alone (odds ratio, 2.2, 1.8, and 2.1, respectively), with a clear dose-response relationship for each. No increase in risk was seen with any other drugs studied. Conclusions: Dopamine agonists widely used for the management of PD significantly increase the risk of sudden uncontrollable somnolence in a dose-related manner. Greater attention to this pote展开更多
To determine the toxicity, tolerability, and feasibility of delivering combina tion chemotherapy with subsequent radiation therapy to women with high-risk end ometrial cancer and to evaluate the long-term bowel toxici...To determine the toxicity, tolerability, and feasibility of delivering combina tion chemotherapy with subsequent radiation therapy to women with high-risk end ometrial cancer and to evaluate the long-term bowel toxicity of this regimen. T he trial was approved by the Dana Farber/Partners Cancer Care (DF-PCC) Institut ional Review Board (IRB). Patients with stage 3 or stage 4 endometrial cancer or patients with high-risk histology and any stage disease were prospectively ent ered. Complete surgical staging and a normal gated blood pool scan were required prior to entry. Patients were treated with three cycles of paclitaxel (160 mg/m 2), doxorubicin (45 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) (TAC) all on day 1 of a 21-d ay schedule as an outpatient with G-CSF support. At the conclusion of chemother apy, patients received radiation therapy (4500 cGy to the whole pelvis) commenci ng within 35 days of the last cycle of chemotherapy. Paraaortic radiation and/or vaginal brachytherapy were allowed at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist. Twenty patients were entered onto the trial from November 2000 throu gh February 2003. Eighteen patients successfully completed the trial, and two patients came off trial during chemotherapy (both later completed planned radiation therapy). Patients were initially stage 1 (n = 3), stage 3 (n = 14), and stage 4 (n = 3). Papillary serous was the dominant h istology with 13 patients. Chemotherapy was given on average within 32 days of s urgery (range 11-63 days) and radiation was initiated on average within 14 week s of surgery (range 10-18 weeks). Chemotherapy was well tolerated, with 57 tota l cycles delivered of a planned 60 cycles. Two patients required dose modificati on in two cycles (two patients in cycle 3 secondary to hematologic toxicity). No grade 3 or grade 4 neurotoxicity was reported. There were six episodes of grade 3 short-term toxicity with radiation therapy reported in a single patient. Lat e radiotherapy toxicity included bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy in t展开更多
We studied 259 consecutive unselected white patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 161 matched controls for a common polymorphism of CYP17, the gene encoding for P450c17α , and did not observe an impo...We studied 259 consecutive unselected white patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 161 matched controls for a common polymorphism of CYP17, the gene encoding for P450c17α , and did not observe an important modulatory effect of this variant on circulating DHEAS. It does not appear that this common variant of CYP17, a T to C substitution in the 5′ promoter region, plays a significant role in the adrenal androgen excess of PCOS.展开更多
The advanced distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model DHSVM,developed by Wigmosta et al.(1994)is introduced from US Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.To apply DHSVM in China for the first time some improvements...The advanced distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model DHSVM,developed by Wigmosta et al.(1994)is introduced from US Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.To apply DHSVM in China for the first time some improvements have been made in terms of the basin characteristics: 1)to change evapotranspiration model,using the improved Penman-Monteith approach in place of the original one;2)to change the model structure,inserting datasets from 4 stations to grid cells for each river basin,instead of datasets from one or two stations;3)to develop new hydrology, vegetation and soil parameterization schemes for improving the simulated results,with focus on calculation and adjustment of 11 parameters,such as soil porosity (?),field capacity θ_(fc),leaf area index LAI,stochastic resistance γ_s,among the total 33 parameters.Then the improved DHSVM is driven by observed datasets for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin,respectively.The simulated evapotranspiration(ET),runoff,snow water equivalent,water table,soil moisture and percolation are then gained as DHSVM outputs.The simulated ET shows that the highest peak appears in May or June instead of July or August.This is consistent with the real situations, owing to the improvement of ET model.The simulated runoff process and flood peak are quite consistent with the observed ones.The model efficiency values for Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins are 0.89 and 0.82,respectively,which shows high simulating ability of the model system for both relatively humid and dry basins.展开更多
Objectives: To quantify chromatic dysfunction in Best disease to reassess the classic categorization of macular chromatic damage and to investigate psychophysical and clinical correlations. Methods: Color-contrast dis...Objectives: To quantify chromatic dysfunction in Best disease to reassess the classic categorization of macular chromatic damage and to investigate psychophysical and clinical correlations. Methods: Color-contrast discrimination was measured using 2 different psychophysical strategies in age-matched control (n=41) and patient (n=34) eyes. The first strategy measured performance along 3 main confusion lines (testing cone function), and the second evaluated discrimination ellipses (modified Cambridge Color Test). The main outcome measures were chromatic discrimination variables (confusion line length, ellipse length, angle, and axis ratio) and visual acuity (VA). Results: Significant loss of performance was seen in all color axes in our patients, and it increased monotonically with staging, becoming significant in Fishman stages 2 and 3. The classically assumed preferential type I red-green deficit was true only for stage 4. Substantial chromatic dysfunction occurred even with relatively preserved VA despite that negative correlations between all test variables and VA reached statistical significance. Partial correlation analysis showed that protan/deutan loss was related to VA independent of tritan loss. Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between lesion size and chromatic dysfunction. Conclusions: Chromatic discrimination is often impaired in Best disease, even when VA is still spared. Our quantitative psychophysical approach shows that the classic categorization as a type I red green deficit is valid only for disease stage 4.展开更多
Abstract A single machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times and compression costs is considered.The objective is to find an optimal sequence to minimize the cost of completion times and the cost of...Abstract A single machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times and compression costs is considered.The objective is to find an optimal sequence to minimize the cost of completion times and the cost of compression.The complexity of this problem is still unknown.In Part I of this paper,the authors have considered a special case where the compression times and the compression costs are equal among all jobs.Such a problem appears polynomially solvable by developing an O(n 2) algorithm.In this part(Part Ⅱ),a general case where the controllable processing times and the compression costs are not equal is discussed.Authors propose here two heuristics with the first based on some previous work and the second based on the algorithm developed in Part Ⅰ.Computational results are presented to show the efficiency and the robustness of these heuristics.展开更多
Following curative resection for rectal cancer, approximately 5 percent of locoregional recurrences occur intraluminally, presumably because of tumor exfoliation during the initial operation. The rate of resectability...Following curative resection for rectal cancer, approximately 5 percent of locoregional recurrences occur intraluminally, presumably because of tumor exfoliation during the initial operation. The rate of resectability, subsequent locoregional control, and survival in patients with isolated intraluminal recurrence have not been well studied. From 1994 to 2003, nine patients (seven males; median age, 68 years) with isolated intraluminal rectal cancer recurrence were treated for cure at our center. Initial procedures performed were four high anterior resections and five low anterior resections for tumors having a median distance from the anal verge of 12.5 (range, 7.5- 16) cm. Median resected distal margin was 2.5 (range, 1.2- 4.0) cm. Original tumor staging was T2 N0 M0 in three, T3 N0 M0 in three, T3 N1 M0 in one, and T3 N2 M0 in two. Median time between primary resection and intraluminal recurrence was 21 (range, 8- 53) months. Intraluminal recurrence distal to the anastomosis occurred in three of nine patients and anastomotic recurrence occurred in six of nine patients. Pathologically clear margins were obtained in all patients at the time of curative re- resection. Following re- resection, patients were followed for a mean of 30 (range, 6- 59) months. No patient has developed locoregional recurrence to date or to the time of patient death. Six of nine patients are alive and disease- free with a median follow- up of 34.5 (range, 6- 59) months. One patient died disease- free at 35 months. One patient died from pulmonary metastases 30 months postoperatively and another patient developed liver metastasis 11 months postoperatively. Endoscopic surveillance following sphincter- sparing rectal cancer resection is warranted as re- resection for intraluminal recurrence can result in locoregional control and significant disease- free survival.展开更多
基金MCT, CNPq, and CAPES for financial supports and fellowships
文摘The capacities of natural and modified Brazilian bentonite samples as adsorbents to remove hexavalent metal chromium were investigated under several conditions in batch and column methods. The raw material, Ca-bentonite, was modified by anchorament of 3-aminopropyltrietoxisilane （APS） and 3,2- aminoethylaminopropyltrimetoxisilane （AEAPS） in the surface of bentonite sample： This type of new occurrence of bentonite is suitable as a raw material for adsorption process. Adsorption behavior of three bentonite types was strongly depending on pH of adsorbate solution, contact time adsorbent/adsorbate, and initial concentration of Cr（VI）. The results were confirmed by column method and reveals that the adsorption process of materials accorded by the Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and tang- muir isotherm models. The exothermic entbalpic values reflected a favorable energetic process for chro- mium ions anchored in the material surfaces. The negative Gibbs free energy results supported the spontaneity of three adsorption reactions with Cr（VI） ions.
文摘We present a facile and controllable method for the large-scale fabrication of highly-ordered octahedral Fe3O4 colloidal ＂single crystals＂ without the assistance of a substrate. Oleic acid is used to reduce the solubility of the nano-building blocks in colloidal solution and to induce a ＂crystallization＂ process. Our colloidal crystals are of multimicron size and show typical crystallographic characteristics. They have a very robust structure and can serve as a novel ordered magnetic mesoporous material with a relatively narrow pore size distribution. The sample possesses an extremely high Verwey transition temperature （Tv） of 100 K and a high saturation magnetization （Ms） of 86 emu/g at 5 K based on its good crystallinity, as well as the interparticle dipolar interaction behavior arising from its unique structure. Electrochemical measurements have demonstrated the excellent capacity of the mesoporous colloidal crystals when used in lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to compare the cortical topographic mapping while performing cognitive activities of standardized short-term memory. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 individuals of both gender. Each individual participant of the survey was subjected to a short-term memory test for each sense. To carry out the EEG record, we used an electroencephalograph with 20 electrodes. The stimulus for the acquisition of short-term memory has always been made up of five items from different semantic classes. Results: The posterior right quadrant had a higher percentage of gamma rhythm during the tests of most senses. Conclusion: It was concluded that the right back quadrant has a higher gamma rhythms percentage during tests which involve somesthetic, olfactory and gustatory memory. On the other hand, the predominance of a gamma rhythm percentage in any quadrant when the auditory and visual memory was stimulated was not observed in this study.
文摘A closed-loop teleprompter system was used to isolate and manipulate social interactivity in thenatural courtship interactions of pigeons Columbia livia. In Experiment 1, a live face-to-face real-time interaction between 2 courting pigeons （Live） was compared to a played back version of thevideo stimulus recorded during the pairs Live interaction. We found that pigeons were behavinginteractively; their behavior depended on the relationships between their own signals and those oftheir partner. In Experiment 2, we tested whether social interactivity relies on spatial cues presentin the facing direction of a partner＇s display. By moving the teleprompter camera 90~ away from itsoriginal location, the partner＇s display was manipulated to appear as if it is directed 90~ away fromthe subject. We found no effect of spatial offset on the pigeon＇s behavioral response. In Experiment3, 3 time delays, 1 s, 3s, and 9s, a Live condition, and a playback condition were chosen to investi-gate the importance of temporal contiguity in social interactivity. Furthermore, both opposite-sex（courtship） and same-sex （rivalry） pairs were studied to investigate whether social-context affectssocial interactivity sensitivity. Our results showed that pigeon courtship behavior is sensitive totemporal contiguity. Behavior declined in the 9 s and Playback conditions as compared to Live con-dition and the shorter time delays. For males only, courtship behavior also increased in the 3-sdelay condition. The effect of social interactivity and time delay was not observed in rivalry inter-actions, suggesting that social interactivity may be specific to courtship.
文摘四、结果孩子们＂地图＂概念的形成过程国家地理教育实施项目鼓励四年级的学生识别和描述地理表达方式的特性和功能（Heffron and Downs,2012）。通过几节课的观察,我们发现,学生似乎很容易掌握如何对地图命名,且至少能掌握一种地图的用途。因此,我们预估学生在＂理解地图＂的测试中,表现较好,至少比在其他图像工具上的表现要好。
文摘Abstract Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by reallocating resources. In this paper, authors consider a machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times. In the first part of this paper, a special case where the processing times and compression costs are uniform among jobs is discussed. Theoretical results are derived that aid in developing an O(n 2) algorithm to slove the problem optimally. In the second part of this paper, authors generalize the discussion to general case. An effective heuristic to the general problem will be presented.
文摘Nowadays,radiation engineering is a promising direction in the creation of semiconductor devices.The proton irradiation is used to controllably change the optical,electrical,recombination,mechanical and structural properties of the semiconductors.Low-energy protons make it possible to purposefully change material properties near the surface where the n^(+)-p junction is located.In this paper,the impact of low-energy protons on the electro physical parameters of n+-p-p+silicon photoelectric converters(SPC)is analyzed.The current-voltage characteristics and switching time of these SPCs are measured.The switching time is determined using rectangular bipolar voltage pulses with an amplitude of 10 mV,a frequency of 200 kHz,or a frequency of 1 MHz.A theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained results is performed.The comparison of experimental data with the results of calculations shows that protons with an energy of 180 keV and a dose of 10×15 cm^(-2) create two regions in the space charge region of the n^(+)-p junction with different switching times of 4.2×10^(-7) s and 5.5×10^(-8) s.SPC frequency characteristics have been improved by reducing the effective lifetime by 5-10 times.This effect can be used to create high-speed photodiodes with an operating modulation frequency of 18 MHz.
文摘Southern India and Sri-Lanka are the places where “incipient charnockites”,i.e.the local transformation of amphibolite-facies gneisses into orthopyroxene-bearing,igneous looking charnockites,have been discovered in the early sixties.The fact that some incipient charnockites occur along a network of brittle fractures,together with CO2 remnants preserved in mineral inclusions,had called for the role of fluids during charnockite alteration.The present work presents new observations on fluid inclusions and microtextures of incipient charnockites from type localities in southern India.In addition to CO2-rich fluid inclusions in quartz and feldspar,all of the occurrences have disrupted remnants of concentrated aqueous alkali chloride solutions.CO2 inclusions are more abundant in paragneiss (Kerala) than in orthogneiss (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu).The finding of disrupted brine inclusions in the Kabbal charnockite is a key link between closely associated massive charnockites and Closepet Granite,both of which also share the brine remnants.All of the occurrences studied here have feldspar or feldspar-quartz microvein networks along grain boundaries of recrystallized quartz,feldspar and orthopyroxene.These metasomatic veins again indicate the action of alkali-exchanging fluids (i.e.,saline solutions).Feldspar microveins,which have been found in most “massive” charnockites,along with the CO2-rich fluid inclusions,suggest a commonality of incipient charnockite and massive charnockite,both types differing in intensity of interaction with metasomatizing pore fluids.
文摘Background: Episodes of sudden uncontrollable somnolence have been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) receiving dopamine agonists, including pramipexole and ropinirole, but controversy persists concerning their nature, severity, and frequency. Abstract:Objectives: To quantify the risk of sudden uncontrollable somnolence in patients taking specific PD medications and to define its predictors. Methods: We contacted 929 patients with PD and administered a 45-to 60-minute interview addressing medication use, adverse events, and the patient’s clinical status in the preceding 6 months. Their physicians completed record reviews detailing their clinical histories and drug regimens. The outcome of interest in this case-control study was an episode of somnolence that was uncontrollable, severe, and inappropriate, such as while driving or engaged in social activity. For multiple events, the first was chosen as the index event. For each case, we sampled control time from all respondents who had no event as of the index time for that case. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Episodes of uncontrollable somnolence were reported by 22%of all respondents. After controlling for age, sex, PD duration and severity, frailty, and other medication use, we found that patients receiving a dopamine agonist (pramipexole, ropinirole, or pergolide) were nearly 3-fold as likely to have episodes of sudden uncontrollable somnolence (odds ratio, 2.8; 95%confidence interval, 1.8-4.2) compared with all other PD medication users. Similar risks were seen for the 3 agents, pramipexole, ropinirole, and pergolide, each compared with levodopa alone (odds ratio, 2.2, 1.8, and 2.1, respectively), with a clear dose-response relationship for each. No increase in risk was seen with any other drugs studied. Conclusions: Dopamine agonists widely used for the management of PD significantly increase the risk of sudden uncontrollable somnolence in a dose-related manner. Greater attention to this pote
文摘To determine the toxicity, tolerability, and feasibility of delivering combina tion chemotherapy with subsequent radiation therapy to women with high-risk end ometrial cancer and to evaluate the long-term bowel toxicity of this regimen. T he trial was approved by the Dana Farber/Partners Cancer Care (DF-PCC) Institut ional Review Board (IRB). Patients with stage 3 or stage 4 endometrial cancer or patients with high-risk histology and any stage disease were prospectively ent ered. Complete surgical staging and a normal gated blood pool scan were required prior to entry. Patients were treated with three cycles of paclitaxel (160 mg/m 2), doxorubicin (45 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) (TAC) all on day 1 of a 21-d ay schedule as an outpatient with G-CSF support. At the conclusion of chemother apy, patients received radiation therapy (4500 cGy to the whole pelvis) commenci ng within 35 days of the last cycle of chemotherapy. Paraaortic radiation and/or vaginal brachytherapy were allowed at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist. Twenty patients were entered onto the trial from November 2000 throu gh February 2003. Eighteen patients successfully completed the trial, and two patients came off trial during chemotherapy (both later completed planned radiation therapy). Patients were initially stage 1 (n = 3), stage 3 (n = 14), and stage 4 (n = 3). Papillary serous was the dominant h istology with 13 patients. Chemotherapy was given on average within 32 days of s urgery (range 11-63 days) and radiation was initiated on average within 14 week s of surgery (range 10-18 weeks). Chemotherapy was well tolerated, with 57 tota l cycles delivered of a planned 60 cycles. Two patients required dose modificati on in two cycles (two patients in cycle 3 secondary to hematologic toxicity). No grade 3 or grade 4 neurotoxicity was reported. There were six episodes of grade 3 short-term toxicity with radiation therapy reported in a single patient. Lat e radiotherapy toxicity included bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy in t
文摘We studied 259 consecutive unselected white patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 161 matched controls for a common polymorphism of CYP17, the gene encoding for P450c17α , and did not observe an important modulatory effect of this variant on circulating DHEAS. It does not appear that this common variant of CYP17, a T to C substitution in the 5′ promoter region, plays a significant role in the adrenal androgen excess of PCOS.
文摘The advanced distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model DHSVM,developed by Wigmosta et al.(1994)is introduced from US Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.To apply DHSVM in China for the first time some improvements have been made in terms of the basin characteristics: 1)to change evapotranspiration model,using the improved Penman-Monteith approach in place of the original one;2)to change the model structure,inserting datasets from 4 stations to grid cells for each river basin,instead of datasets from one or two stations;3)to develop new hydrology, vegetation and soil parameterization schemes for improving the simulated results,with focus on calculation and adjustment of 11 parameters,such as soil porosity (?),field capacity θ_(fc),leaf area index LAI,stochastic resistance γ_s,among the total 33 parameters.Then the improved DHSVM is driven by observed datasets for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin,respectively.The simulated evapotranspiration(ET),runoff,snow water equivalent,water table,soil moisture and percolation are then gained as DHSVM outputs.The simulated ET shows that the highest peak appears in May or June instead of July or August.This is consistent with the real situations, owing to the improvement of ET model.The simulated runoff process and flood peak are quite consistent with the observed ones.The model efficiency values for Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins are 0.89 and 0.82,respectively,which shows high simulating ability of the model system for both relatively humid and dry basins.
文摘Objectives: To quantify chromatic dysfunction in Best disease to reassess the classic categorization of macular chromatic damage and to investigate psychophysical and clinical correlations. Methods: Color-contrast discrimination was measured using 2 different psychophysical strategies in age-matched control (n=41) and patient (n=34) eyes. The first strategy measured performance along 3 main confusion lines (testing cone function), and the second evaluated discrimination ellipses (modified Cambridge Color Test). The main outcome measures were chromatic discrimination variables (confusion line length, ellipse length, angle, and axis ratio) and visual acuity (VA). Results: Significant loss of performance was seen in all color axes in our patients, and it increased monotonically with staging, becoming significant in Fishman stages 2 and 3. The classically assumed preferential type I red-green deficit was true only for stage 4. Substantial chromatic dysfunction occurred even with relatively preserved VA despite that negative correlations between all test variables and VA reached statistical significance. Partial correlation analysis showed that protan/deutan loss was related to VA independent of tritan loss. Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between lesion size and chromatic dysfunction. Conclusions: Chromatic discrimination is often impaired in Best disease, even when VA is still spared. Our quantitative psychophysical approach shows that the classic categorization as a type I red green deficit is valid only for disease stage 4.
文摘Abstract A single machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times and compression costs is considered.The objective is to find an optimal sequence to minimize the cost of completion times and the cost of compression.The complexity of this problem is still unknown.In Part I of this paper,the authors have considered a special case where the compression times and the compression costs are equal among all jobs.Such a problem appears polynomially solvable by developing an O(n 2) algorithm.In this part(Part Ⅱ),a general case where the controllable processing times and the compression costs are not equal is discussed.Authors propose here two heuristics with the first based on some previous work and the second based on the algorithm developed in Part Ⅰ.Computational results are presented to show the efficiency and the robustness of these heuristics.
文摘Following curative resection for rectal cancer, approximately 5 percent of locoregional recurrences occur intraluminally, presumably because of tumor exfoliation during the initial operation. The rate of resectability, subsequent locoregional control, and survival in patients with isolated intraluminal recurrence have not been well studied. From 1994 to 2003, nine patients (seven males; median age, 68 years) with isolated intraluminal rectal cancer recurrence were treated for cure at our center. Initial procedures performed were four high anterior resections and five low anterior resections for tumors having a median distance from the anal verge of 12.5 (range, 7.5- 16) cm. Median resected distal margin was 2.5 (range, 1.2- 4.0) cm. Original tumor staging was T2 N0 M0 in three, T3 N0 M0 in three, T3 N1 M0 in one, and T3 N2 M0 in two. Median time between primary resection and intraluminal recurrence was 21 (range, 8- 53) months. Intraluminal recurrence distal to the anastomosis occurred in three of nine patients and anastomotic recurrence occurred in six of nine patients. Pathologically clear margins were obtained in all patients at the time of curative re- resection. Following re- resection, patients were followed for a mean of 30 (range, 6- 59) months. No patient has developed locoregional recurrence to date or to the time of patient death. Six of nine patients are alive and disease- free with a median follow- up of 34.5 (range, 6- 59) months. One patient died disease- free at 35 months. One patient died from pulmonary metastases 30 months postoperatively and another patient developed liver metastasis 11 months postoperatively. Endoscopic surveillance following sphincter- sparing rectal cancer resection is warranted as re- resection for intraluminal recurrence can result in locoregional control and significant disease- free survival.
