Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines.Although studies exploring the dynamics and competitio...Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines.Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(P.pardus)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference competition.We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and leopards.Elevation and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms.Tigers and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial niche.In addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich regions.We determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation structures.Meanwhile,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference competition.Our study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad scale.Policy-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.展开更多
The complexity of multi-dimensional climate, environmental and human health information complicates bringing together scientists, civil society, and decision makers to provide adequate mitigation and adaptation option...The complexity of multi-dimensional climate, environmental and human health information complicates bringing together scientists, civil society, and decision makers to provide adequate mitigation and adaptation options for the consequences of global environmental change. To provide an effective pathway to conciliate (integrate) these datasets, we present PULSE-Brazil as the Platform for Understanding Long-term Sustainability of Ecosystems and human health. The overarching aim of this paper is to focus on two study cases in the Brazilian state of Acre, 1) analyzing recent socio-environmental disasters such as the impacts of droughts and consequent increases in fire detections on the incidence of respiratory diseases, and 2) evaluating the impacts of temperature increases in combination with rainfall seasonality upon the incidence of Dengue fever. Based on data available in PULSE-Brazil platform, we also aim to provide insights on the consequences of future climate variability on ecosystems and human health. Finally, we provide a discussion on the collaborative process between scientists and policymakers that defined the PULSE-Brazil platform specifications and datasets and propose a conceptual pathway for promoting the interaction between science and policy during the process of producing a tool that allows the understating of climate-relate processes. Our results clearly demonstrated that ecosystems are under increased fire risk in the future that will, in turn, affect the health of human populations. Moreover, humans are also exposed to critical Dengue fever outbreaks with the projected increase in minimum temperatures. Therefore, minimizing the impacts of these potentially ascending socio-environmental problems is the first step for adapting to a changing climate in the Amazon region. We expect that PULSE-Brazil will serve not only as a technical tool for supporting governance, management, mitigation and long-term adaptation plans for climate impacts and natural disasters, but also will take advantage of its gr展开更多
The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canin...The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canine distemper virus(CDV).We use a population viability analysis metamodel,which consists of a traditional individual-based demographic model linked to an epidemiological model,to assess options for controlling the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring large population(including more than 400 individuals),and habitat expansion.Without intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 lethal equivalents,our metamodel predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,respectively.In addition,the simulation results showed that dog management or habitat expansion independently will not ensure tiger population viability for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring population would only keep the population size from rapidly declining.However,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest level of 12.26 lethal equivalents inbreeding depression,population size will not decline and the probability of extinction will be<5.8%.Our findings highlight that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a multifaceted synergistic effort.Our key management recommendations for this population underline the importance of reducing CDV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establishing habitat connectivity to the neighboring population is an important long-term objective.展开更多
As a group,the halophilic archaea(class Halobacteria)are the most salt-requiring and salt-resistant microorganisms within the domain Archaea.Halophilic archaea flourish in thalassohaline and athalassohaline environmen...As a group,the halophilic archaea(class Halobacteria)are the most salt-requiring and salt-resistant microorganisms within the domain Archaea.Halophilic archaea flourish in thalassohaline and athalassohaline environments and require over 100–150 g/L NaCl for growth and structural stability.Natural hypersaline environments vary in salt concentration,chemical composition and pH,and occur in climates ranging from tropical to polar and even under-sea.Accordingly,their resident haloarchaeal species vary enormously,as do their individual population compositions and community structures.These diverse halophilic archaeal strains are precious resources for theoretical and applied research but assessing their taxonomic and metabolic novelty and diversity in natural environments has been technically difficult up until recently.Environmental DNA-based high-throughput sequencing technology has now matured sufficiently to allow inexpensive recovery of massive amounts of sequence data,revealing the distribution and community composition of halophilic archaea in different hypersaline environments.While cultivation of haloarchaea is slow and tedious,and only recovers a fraction of the natural diversity,it is the conventional means of describing new species,and provides strains for detailed study.As of the end of May 2020,the class Halobacteria contains 71 genera and 275 species,49.8%of which were first isolated from the marine salt environment and 50.2%from the inland salt environment,indicating that both thalassohaline and athalassohaline environments contain diverse halophilic archaea.However,there remain taxa that have not yet been isolated in pure culture,such as the nanohaloarchaea,which are widespread in the salt environment and may be one of the hot spots in the field of halophilic archaea research in the future.In this review,we focus on the cultivation strategies that have been used to isolate extremely halophilic archaea and point out some of the pitfalls and challenges.展开更多
Objective This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence rates , outcome s, risk factors, and timing of obstetric delivery for trauma sustained during pr egnancy. Study design This is a retrospective cohort stu...Objective This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence rates , outcome s, risk factors, and timing of obstetric delivery for trauma sustained during pr egnancy. Study design This is a retrospective cohort study of women hospitalized for trauma in California (1991-1999). International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, Clinical Modification codes, and external causation codes for i njury were identified. Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes were analyzed for wo men delivering at the trauma hospitalization (group 1), and women sustaining tra uma prenatally (group 2), compared with nontrauma controls. Injury severity scor es and injury types were used to stratify risk in relation to outcome. Statistic al comparisons are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs. Results A total of 10,316 deliveries fulfilling study criteria were identified in 4,833,286 tota l deliveries. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains were the most common type of injury. Group 1 was associated with the worst outcomes: maternal death OR 69 (95%CI 42-115), fetal death OR 4.7 (95%CI 3.4-6.4), uterine rupture OR 43 (95%CI 19-97), and placental abruption OR 9.2 (95%CI 7.8-11). Group 2 al so resulted in increased risks at delivery: placental abruption OR 1.6 (95%CI 1 .3-1.9), preterm labor OR 2.7 (95%CI 2.5-2.9), maternal death OR 4.4 (95%CI 1.4-14). As injury severity scores increased, outcomes worsened, yet were stati stically nonpredictive. The type of injury most commonly leading to maternal dea th was internal injury. The risk of fetal, neonatal, and infant death was strong ly influenced by gestational age at the time of delivery. Conclusion Women deliv ering at the trauma hospitalization (group 1) had the worst outcomes, regardless of the severity of the injury. Group 2 women (prenatal injury) had an increased risk of adverse outcomes at delivery, and therefore should be monitored closely during the subsequent course of the pregnancy. This study highlights the need t o optimize education in trauma prevention during p展开更多
Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The pu...Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery.Samples subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)patients.Results:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 genes.Using stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(P<0.001,fold change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(P<0.05,FDR correction)including IL-4 and IL-13 signaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like receptors.Conclusions:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory dysfunction.This study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with CRSsNP.This study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Numerous medical conditions require timely medication administration in the emergency department(ED).Automated dispensing systems(ADSs)store premixed common doses at the point-of-care to minimize time to ad...BACKGROUND:Numerous medical conditions require timely medication administration in the emergency department(ED).Automated dispensing systems(ADSs)store premixed common doses at the point-of-care to minimize time to administration,but the use of such automation to improved time to medication administration has not been studied.Since vancomycin is a commonly used empiric antimicrobial,we sought to quantify the effect of using an ADS on time to drug delivery in patients presenting to the ED.The study aimed to determine the efficacy of utilizing an ADS to improve time to administration of vancomycin and determine any negative effects on dosing appropriateness.METHODS:The institional review board approved the retrospective quality improvement study took place in a single,urban academic tertiary care ED with an annual census of 80 000.Study subjects were all patients receiving vancomycin for the management of sepsis between March 1 to September 30,2008 and the same time period in 2009.The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received vancomycin within one hour of bed placement and the secondary outcome was dosing appropriateness.RESULTS:Sixty-three patients had weight and dosing information available(29 before and 34after intervention)and were included in the study.Before intervention,no patient received vancomycin in less than 60 minutes,while after intervention 14.7%of the patients received it in less than 60minutes(difference in proportions 14.7%,95%CI 0.39%-30.0%,P=0.04).A similar proportion of the patients received correct dosing before and after intervention(44.8%vs.41.2%,difference in proportions 3.7%,95%CI-20.0%-26.7%,P=0.770).CONCLUSION:The use of an ADS may improve the timing of medication administration in patients presenting to the ED without affecting dosing appropriateness.展开更多
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations.As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is cle...Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations.As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need,the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients,on disease pathogenesis,have been explored.There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex,microbiome,and circadian regulation.As a major part of intracellular metabolism,mitochondrial bioenergetics,mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms,and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions.This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.展开更多
Understanding and mitigating against the impact of groundwater extraction on groundwater-dependent ecosystems(GDE)requires information of evapotranspiration(ET)of these ecosystems.In this pilot study,we tested two re...Understanding and mitigating against the impact of groundwater extraction on groundwater-dependent ecosystems(GDE)requires information of evapotranspiration(ET)of these ecosystems.In this pilot study,we tested two remotesensing methods,Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL)and Vegetation Index/Temperature Trapezoid(VITT),for ET estimation from terrestrial GDEs.Multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)and Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM)images were used to derive vegetation indices and land surface temperatures for ET estimation.Radiative transfer model was used for atmospheric correction of the Landsat images.Field measurements were used to validate the remote sensing estimation of VI and surface temperature.Both methods have been implemented in a geographic information system(GIS)using automated scripts and ancillary GIS data for quality control process.Comparison of predicted ET by SEBAL to VITT model indicates relatively good agreement(R20.90)and promise for use in groundwater management.The average ET from woodland GDEs within the zone of influence of the pumping stations is in general lower than similar woodlands outside of the pumping area,particularly in summer seasons which demonstrates that the pumping regime has an impact on those GDEs.The study also demonstrates that even a simple physical ET model can provide useful information for groundwater management,and more broadly other applications in hydrologic modelling and digital earth studies.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971539)the National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China(2019FY101700 and 2021FY100702)the Research Project of Tianjin Normal University(52XB2010).
文摘Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines.Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(P.pardus)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference competition.We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and leopards.Elevation and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms.Tigers and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial niche.In addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich regions.We determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation structures.Meanwhile,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference competition.Our study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad scale.Policy-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.
文摘The complexity of multi-dimensional climate, environmental and human health information complicates bringing together scientists, civil society, and decision makers to provide adequate mitigation and adaptation options for the consequences of global environmental change. To provide an effective pathway to conciliate (integrate) these datasets, we present PULSE-Brazil as the Platform for Understanding Long-term Sustainability of Ecosystems and human health. The overarching aim of this paper is to focus on two study cases in the Brazilian state of Acre, 1) analyzing recent socio-environmental disasters such as the impacts of droughts and consequent increases in fire detections on the incidence of respiratory diseases, and 2) evaluating the impacts of temperature increases in combination with rainfall seasonality upon the incidence of Dengue fever. Based on data available in PULSE-Brazil platform, we also aim to provide insights on the consequences of future climate variability on ecosystems and human health. Finally, we provide a discussion on the collaborative process between scientists and policymakers that defined the PULSE-Brazil platform specifications and datasets and propose a conceptual pathway for promoting the interaction between science and policy during the process of producing a tool that allows the understating of climate-relate processes. Our results clearly demonstrated that ecosystems are under increased fire risk in the future that will, in turn, affect the health of human populations. Moreover, humans are also exposed to critical Dengue fever outbreaks with the projected increase in minimum temperatures. Therefore, minimizing the impacts of these potentially ascending socio-environmental problems is the first step for adapting to a changing climate in the Amazon region. We expect that PULSE-Brazil will serve not only as a technical tool for supporting governance, management, mitigation and long-term adaptation plans for climate impacts and natural disasters, but also will take advantage of its gr
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971539)the National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China(2019FY101700)a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council(202106040062).
文摘The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canine distemper virus(CDV).We use a population viability analysis metamodel,which consists of a traditional individual-based demographic model linked to an epidemiological model,to assess options for controlling the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring large population(including more than 400 individuals),and habitat expansion.Without intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 lethal equivalents,our metamodel predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,respectively.In addition,the simulation results showed that dog management or habitat expansion independently will not ensure tiger population viability for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring population would only keep the population size from rapidly declining.However,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest level of 12.26 lethal equivalents inbreeding depression,population size will not decline and the probability of extinction will be<5.8%.Our findings highlight that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a multifaceted synergistic effort.Our key management recommendations for this population underline the importance of reducing CDV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establishing habitat connectivity to the neighboring population is an important long-term objective.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770005,32070003)the National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100302,2019FY100700).
文摘As a group,the halophilic archaea(class Halobacteria)are the most salt-requiring and salt-resistant microorganisms within the domain Archaea.Halophilic archaea flourish in thalassohaline and athalassohaline environments and require over 100–150 g/L NaCl for growth and structural stability.Natural hypersaline environments vary in salt concentration,chemical composition and pH,and occur in climates ranging from tropical to polar and even under-sea.Accordingly,their resident haloarchaeal species vary enormously,as do their individual population compositions and community structures.These diverse halophilic archaeal strains are precious resources for theoretical and applied research but assessing their taxonomic and metabolic novelty and diversity in natural environments has been technically difficult up until recently.Environmental DNA-based high-throughput sequencing technology has now matured sufficiently to allow inexpensive recovery of massive amounts of sequence data,revealing the distribution and community composition of halophilic archaea in different hypersaline environments.While cultivation of haloarchaea is slow and tedious,and only recovers a fraction of the natural diversity,it is the conventional means of describing new species,and provides strains for detailed study.As of the end of May 2020,the class Halobacteria contains 71 genera and 275 species,49.8%of which were first isolated from the marine salt environment and 50.2%from the inland salt environment,indicating that both thalassohaline and athalassohaline environments contain diverse halophilic archaea.However,there remain taxa that have not yet been isolated in pure culture,such as the nanohaloarchaea,which are widespread in the salt environment and may be one of the hot spots in the field of halophilic archaea research in the future.In this review,we focus on the cultivation strategies that have been used to isolate extremely halophilic archaea and point out some of the pitfalls and challenges.
文摘Objective This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence rates , outcome s, risk factors, and timing of obstetric delivery for trauma sustained during pr egnancy. Study design This is a retrospective cohort study of women hospitalized for trauma in California (1991-1999). International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, Clinical Modification codes, and external causation codes for i njury were identified. Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes were analyzed for wo men delivering at the trauma hospitalization (group 1), and women sustaining tra uma prenatally (group 2), compared with nontrauma controls. Injury severity scor es and injury types were used to stratify risk in relation to outcome. Statistic al comparisons are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs. Results A total of 10,316 deliveries fulfilling study criteria were identified in 4,833,286 tota l deliveries. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains were the most common type of injury. Group 1 was associated with the worst outcomes: maternal death OR 69 (95%CI 42-115), fetal death OR 4.7 (95%CI 3.4-6.4), uterine rupture OR 43 (95%CI 19-97), and placental abruption OR 9.2 (95%CI 7.8-11). Group 2 al so resulted in increased risks at delivery: placental abruption OR 1.6 (95%CI 1 .3-1.9), preterm labor OR 2.7 (95%CI 2.5-2.9), maternal death OR 4.4 (95%CI 1.4-14). As injury severity scores increased, outcomes worsened, yet were stati stically nonpredictive. The type of injury most commonly leading to maternal dea th was internal injury. The risk of fetal, neonatal, and infant death was strong ly influenced by gestational age at the time of delivery. Conclusion Women deliv ering at the trauma hospitalization (group 1) had the worst outcomes, regardless of the severity of the injury. Group 2 women (prenatal injury) had an increased risk of adverse outcomes at delivery, and therefore should be monitored closely during the subsequent course of the pregnancy. This study highlights the need t o optimize education in trauma prevention during p
基金National Institute of General Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:NIGMS GM103499MUSC's Office of the Vice President for Research。
文摘Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery.Samples subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)patients.Results:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 genes.Using stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(P<0.001,fold change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(P<0.05,FDR correction)including IL-4 and IL-13 signaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like receptors.Conclusions:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory dysfunction.This study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with CRSsNP.This study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.
基金supported by a Resident Research Grant from the University of Cincinnati Department of Emergency Medicineby a Research Fellowship Award from the Emergency Medicine Foundationby an Institutional Clinicaland Translational Science Award,NIH/NCRR Grant Number 5UL1RR026314-02
文摘BACKGROUND:Numerous medical conditions require timely medication administration in the emergency department(ED).Automated dispensing systems(ADSs)store premixed common doses at the point-of-care to minimize time to administration,but the use of such automation to improved time to medication administration has not been studied.Since vancomycin is a commonly used empiric antimicrobial,we sought to quantify the effect of using an ADS on time to drug delivery in patients presenting to the ED.The study aimed to determine the efficacy of utilizing an ADS to improve time to administration of vancomycin and determine any negative effects on dosing appropriateness.METHODS:The institional review board approved the retrospective quality improvement study took place in a single,urban academic tertiary care ED with an annual census of 80 000.Study subjects were all patients receiving vancomycin for the management of sepsis between March 1 to September 30,2008 and the same time period in 2009.The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received vancomycin within one hour of bed placement and the secondary outcome was dosing appropriateness.RESULTS:Sixty-three patients had weight and dosing information available(29 before and 34after intervention)and were included in the study.Before intervention,no patient received vancomycin in less than 60 minutes,while after intervention 14.7%of the patients received it in less than 60minutes(difference in proportions 14.7%,95%CI 0.39%-30.0%,P=0.04).A similar proportion of the patients received correct dosing before and after intervention(44.8%vs.41.2%,difference in proportions 3.7%,95%CI-20.0%-26.7%,P=0.770).CONCLUSION:The use of an ADS may improve the timing of medication administration in patients presenting to the ED without affecting dosing appropriateness.
基金the UAB NSC P30 AG05886(SA,SB,TB,CC,DLS,VDU,JZ)for partial support。
文摘Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations.As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need,the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients,on disease pathogenesis,have been explored.There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex,microbiome,and circadian regulation.As a major part of intracellular metabolism,mitochondrial bioenergetics,mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms,and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions.This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
基金This project was funded by the GDE project from the NSW Government. Many DECCWstaff helped and supported this project.
文摘Understanding and mitigating against the impact of groundwater extraction on groundwater-dependent ecosystems(GDE)requires information of evapotranspiration(ET)of these ecosystems.In this pilot study,we tested two remotesensing methods,Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL)and Vegetation Index/Temperature Trapezoid(VITT),for ET estimation from terrestrial GDEs.Multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)and Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM)images were used to derive vegetation indices and land surface temperatures for ET estimation.Radiative transfer model was used for atmospheric correction of the Landsat images.Field measurements were used to validate the remote sensing estimation of VI and surface temperature.Both methods have been implemented in a geographic information system(GIS)using automated scripts and ancillary GIS data for quality control process.Comparison of predicted ET by SEBAL to VITT model indicates relatively good agreement(R20.90)and promise for use in groundwater management.The average ET from woodland GDEs within the zone of influence of the pumping stations is in general lower than similar woodlands outside of the pumping area,particularly in summer seasons which demonstrates that the pumping regime has an impact on those GDEs.The study also demonstrates that even a simple physical ET model can provide useful information for groundwater management,and more broadly other applications in hydrologic modelling and digital earth studies.
