Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and ...Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choi展开更多
AIM: To determine the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte(N/L) ratio and the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) infection. METHODS: Between December 2011 and February 2013,...AIM: To determine the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte(N/L) ratio and the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) infection. METHODS: Between December 2011 and February 2013, 129 consecutive CHB patients who were admitted to the study hospitals for histological evaluation of chronic hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the fibrosis score: individuals with a fibrosis score of F0 or F1 were included in the "no/minimal liver fibrosis" group, whereas patients with a fibrosis score of F2, F3, or F4 were included in the "advanced liver fibrosis" group. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data. A P value of < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.RESULTS: Three experienced and blinded pathologists evaluated the fibrotic status and inflammatory activity of 129 liver biopsy samples from the CHB patients. Following histopathological examination, the "no/minimal fibrosis" group included 79 individuals, while the "advanced fibrosis" group included 50 individuals. Mean(N/L) ratio levels were notably lower in patients with advanced fibrosis when compared with patients with no/minimal fibrosis. The mean value of the aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index was markedly higher in cases with advanced fibrosis compared to those with no/minimal fibrosis.CONCLUSION: Reduced levels of the peripheral blood N/L ratio were found to give high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in CHB patients with significant fibrosis. The prominent finding of our research suggests that the N/L ratio can be used as a novel noninvasive marker of fibrosis in patients with CHB.展开更多
From April of 2001 to March of 2002, a passive seismic array experiment was car- ried out in the Dabie Shan and its adjacent region. In this experiment, totally 34 broadband seismic stations were deployed along a prof...From April of 2001 to March of 2002, a passive seismic array experiment was car- ried out in the Dabie Shan and its adjacent region. In this experiment, totally 34 broadband seismic stations were deployed along a profile across the Dabie Shan orogen and North-China platform. This profile is about 500 km long from Cuilin (34°40′N, 114°49′E), Henan Province, to Dajipu (30°20′N, 115°03′E), Hubei Province. The space between stations is about 3?8 km in the Dabie Shan orogenic belt and about 15?20 km in other area. The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km depth along the profile are investigated in terms of the receiver function techniques (Liu et al., 1996, 2000). Our results show that the crust beneath the Dabie Shan orogen has an obviously asymmetric blocked structure in the direction perpendicular to the mountain strike. The maximal crustal thickness reaches to 42 km. The crust-mantle boundary has a dislocation structure correlated to the crustal blocks and the largest offset reaches to 8 km. In the kernel of the orogen exists a low-velocity body inside the crust, which is separated into two parts corresponding to the South Dabie and North Dabie on the surface, respectively. Probably a vertical divergent movement between both took place in history. The crust below this low-velocity area has a positive gradient velocity structure with the depth, and the upper mantle down to the depth of 70 km has the lower S-wave velocity than its both sides. Beneath the Dabie Shan, however, a high-velocity anomaly exists in the upper mantle below 70 km.展开更多
We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbi...We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbiological and clinical findings of two treatment schemes for CBP based on the combination of azithromycin （500 rag, thrice-weekly） with a once-daily 500- or 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin （Cipro-500 or Cipro-750 cohort, respectively）. Combined administration of azithromycin （1500 mg week^-1） with ciprofloxacin at the rate of 750 mg day^- 1 for 4 weeks rather than at 500 mg day^- 1 for 6 weeks increased the eradication rates from 62.35% to 77.32% and the total bacteriological success from 71.76% to 85.57%. A significant decrease in pain and voiding signs/symptoms and a significant reduction in inflammatory leukocyte counts and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） were sustained throughout an 18-month follow-up period in both groups. Ejaculatory pain, haemospermia and premature ejaculation were significantly attenuated on microbiological eradication in both groups, but the latter subsided more promptly in the Cipro-750 cohort. In total, 59 Cipro-750 patients showed mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction （ED） at baseline, while 22 patients had no ED on microbiological eradication and throughout the follow-up period. In conclusion fluoroquinolone-macrolide therapy resulted in pathogen eradication and CBP symptom attenuation, including pain, voiding disturbances and sexual dysfunction. A once-daily 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks showed enhanced eradication rates and lower inflammatory white blood cell counts compared to the 500-mg dose for 6 weeks. Our results are open to further prospective validation.展开更多
Class Ⅲ secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin poly...Class Ⅲ secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class Ⅲ plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. Some evidence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Norway spruce （Picea abies） and Zinnia elegans. In addition, real time （RT-）PCR results have pointed out that many peroxidases have tissue specific expression patterns in Norway spruce. Through combining information on catalytic properties of the enzymes, on the expression patterns of the corresponding genes, and on the presence of monolignols and hydrogen peroxide in the apoplastic space, we can show that specific peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization in the apoplastic space of Norway spruce xylem.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Besides the lymphatic and haematogenous routes of dissemination,CRC frequently gives rise to tr...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Besides the lymphatic and haematogenous routes of dissemination,CRC frequently gives rise to transcoelomic spread of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity,which ultimately leads to peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). PC is associated with a poor prognosis and bad quality of life for these patients in their terminal stages of disease. A loco-regional treatment modality for PC combining cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy has resulted in promising clinical results. However,this novel approach is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal disease spread is paramount in avoiding unnecessary toxicity. The emergence of PC is the result of a molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and host elements,involving several well-defined steps,together known as the peritoneal metastatic cascade. Individual or clumps of tumor cells detach from the primary tumor,gain access to the peritoneal cavity and become susceptible to the regular peritoneal transport. They attach to the distant peritoneum,subsequently invade the subperitoneal space,where angiogenesis sustains proliferation and enables further metastatic growth. These molecular events are not isolated events but rather a continuous and interdependent process. In this manuscript,we review current data regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal PC,with a special focus on the peritoneum and the role of the surgeon in peritoneal disease spread.展开更多
The inclusion of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercially-available fermented soybean meal product, was evaluated with juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in an initial 70-day feeding trial, with a supplemental trial i...The inclusion of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercially-available fermented soybean meal product, was evaluated with juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in an initial 70-day feeding trial, with a supplemental trial involving a subset of the experimental diets continuing for an additional 40 d. Six diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% PSG, with the PSG directly replacing fish meal, were used in the first trial. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio between the fish meal-based control diet and diets containing up to 30% PSG. However, weight gain was significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio significantly increased with the 40% and 50% PSG diets. No health assessment differences were observed in fish receiving any of the diets, and no evidence of gross gut inflammation was evident. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio among the four dietary treatments ranging from 0% to 30% PSG which were fed for an additional 40 d after the initial 70-d trial (110 days total). Based on these results, juvenile rainbow trout diets can contain up to 30% PSG without any loss of rearing performance, thereby replacing at least 60% of the fish meal.展开更多
基金funded by Merck and the Yale Cancer Centerthe Department of Defense through the Lung Cancer Research Program X81XWH-15-1-0203(S.Goldberg,PI)and W81XWH-16-1-0160(K.Schalper,PI)+8 种基金NIH grants Yale SPORE in Lung Cancer P50CA196530(R.Herbst,PI)R01 CA158167(H.Kluger and G.Desir Pis)K24CA172123(H.Kluger,PI)Yale SPORE in Skin Cancer P50 CA121974(M.Bosenberg and H.Kluger,Pis)R01 CA204002(L.Jilaveanu,PI)the Lung Cancer Research Foundation-LUNGevity and Melanoma Research Alliance,Award«308721(L.Jilaveanu,PI)Stand UpTo Cancer-American Cancer Society Lung Cancer Dream Team Translational Research Grants SU2C-AACR-DT17-15(P.Janne,A.Shaw,J.Wolchok,Pis)SU2C-AACR-DT22-17(L.Diaz,PI)the J.Aron Charitable Foundation(S.Goldberg).
文摘背景与目的我们开展了一项帕博利珠单抗用于伴未治疗脑转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)或黑色素瘤患者的疗效和安全性的II期试验,旨在评估程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)抑制剂在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的疗效。中期结果已发表,现报道对NSCLC队列的更新分析结果。方法这是一项开放性、单中心、II期试验。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,诊断为晚期NSCLC并伴有≥1个5 mm-20 mm脑转移病灶,既往从未治疗或之前放疗后进展,无神经系统症状,不需要激素治疗且美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)<2分。患者每2周接受一次帕博利珠单抗(10 mg/kg)治疗。队列1为程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)≥1%的患者,队列2为PD-L1<1%或未评估的患者。主要终点是脑转移患者缓解比例。所有经治患者均纳入疗效与安全性终点的分析。该研究已结束入组,并于Clinicaltrials.gov登记注册,注册号为NCT02085070。结果2014年3月31日-2018年5月21日,共42例患者接受治疗。中位随访时间为8.3个月(IQR:4.5个月-26.2个月)。队列1的37例患者中11例有脑转移缓解[29.7%(95%CI:15.9%-47.0%)]。队列2未观察到缓解。治疗相关的3级-4级不良事件(adverse events,AEs)包括2例肺炎、1例全身症状、1例结肠炎、1例肾上腺皮质功能不全、1例高血糖症和1例低钾血症。6例(14%)患者发生了治疗相关的严重不良事件,包括肺炎、急性肾损伤、低钾血症和肾上腺皮质功能不全。没有观察到治疗相关死亡病例。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗PD-L1≥1%的NSCLC伴脑转移患者有效,且对所有纳入的未经治疗的脑转移患者安全。需要进一步探索免疫治疗用于NSCLC合并CNS转移。
基金This work was partially supported by the USDA/NIFA Interagency Climate Change Grant Proposal number 2014-02114[Project number 6657-12130-002-08I,Accession number 1003011]under the Multi-Partner Call on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research of the FACCE-Joint Program Initiative.The German BLE and FACCE-JPI funded the German participants of the“DesignerChar4Food”(D4F)project(CK:Project No.2814ERA01A,NW-M:Project No.2814ERA02A)the Spanish colleagues(JME and TFM)were funded by FACCE-CSA no 276610/MIT04-DESIGN-UPVASC and IT-932-16,MLC thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,project#RTI2018-099417-B-I00+3 种基金cofinanced with EU FEDER funds and US colleagues(JN,JI and KS)were funded by The USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(Project#2014-35615-21971)USDA-ARS CHARnet and GRACENet programs–D4F greatly stimulated discussions.Any opinions,findings,or recommendation expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDAThis work was also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under a Grant number of 41501339,21677119,21277115,41301551,21407123,Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths under a grant number of BK20140468,sponsored by Qing Lan ProjectOpen access funding provided by Natural Resources Institute Finland(LUKE).
文摘Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choi
文摘AIM: To determine the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte(N/L) ratio and the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) infection. METHODS: Between December 2011 and February 2013, 129 consecutive CHB patients who were admitted to the study hospitals for histological evaluation of chronic hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the fibrosis score: individuals with a fibrosis score of F0 or F1 were included in the "no/minimal liver fibrosis" group, whereas patients with a fibrosis score of F2, F3, or F4 were included in the "advanced liver fibrosis" group. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data. A P value of < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.RESULTS: Three experienced and blinded pathologists evaluated the fibrotic status and inflammatory activity of 129 liver biopsy samples from the CHB patients. Following histopathological examination, the "no/minimal fibrosis" group included 79 individuals, while the "advanced fibrosis" group included 50 individuals. Mean(N/L) ratio levels were notably lower in patients with advanced fibrosis when compared with patients with no/minimal fibrosis. The mean value of the aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index was markedly higher in cases with advanced fibrosis compared to those with no/minimal fibrosis.CONCLUSION: Reduced levels of the peripheral blood N/L ratio were found to give high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in CHB patients with significant fibrosis. The prominent finding of our research suggests that the N/L ratio can be used as a novel noninvasive marker of fibrosis in patients with CHB.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40074009) the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft.
文摘From April of 2001 to March of 2002, a passive seismic array experiment was car- ried out in the Dabie Shan and its adjacent region. In this experiment, totally 34 broadband seismic stations were deployed along a profile across the Dabie Shan orogen and North-China platform. This profile is about 500 km long from Cuilin (34°40′N, 114°49′E), Henan Province, to Dajipu (30°20′N, 115°03′E), Hubei Province. The space between stations is about 3?8 km in the Dabie Shan orogenic belt and about 15?20 km in other area. The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km depth along the profile are investigated in terms of the receiver function techniques (Liu et al., 1996, 2000). Our results show that the crust beneath the Dabie Shan orogen has an obviously asymmetric blocked structure in the direction perpendicular to the mountain strike. The maximal crustal thickness reaches to 42 km. The crust-mantle boundary has a dislocation structure correlated to the crustal blocks and the largest offset reaches to 8 km. In the kernel of the orogen exists a low-velocity body inside the crust, which is separated into two parts corresponding to the South Dabie and North Dabie on the surface, respectively. Probably a vertical divergent movement between both took place in history. The crust below this low-velocity area has a positive gradient velocity structure with the depth, and the upper mantle down to the depth of 70 km has the lower S-wave velocity than its both sides. Beneath the Dabie Shan, however, a high-velocity anomaly exists in the upper mantle below 70 km.
文摘We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbiological and clinical findings of two treatment schemes for CBP based on the combination of azithromycin （500 rag, thrice-weekly） with a once-daily 500- or 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin （Cipro-500 or Cipro-750 cohort, respectively）. Combined administration of azithromycin （1500 mg week^-1） with ciprofloxacin at the rate of 750 mg day^- 1 for 4 weeks rather than at 500 mg day^- 1 for 6 weeks increased the eradication rates from 62.35% to 77.32% and the total bacteriological success from 71.76% to 85.57%. A significant decrease in pain and voiding signs/symptoms and a significant reduction in inflammatory leukocyte counts and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） were sustained throughout an 18-month follow-up period in both groups. Ejaculatory pain, haemospermia and premature ejaculation were significantly attenuated on microbiological eradication in both groups, but the latter subsided more promptly in the Cipro-750 cohort. In total, 59 Cipro-750 patients showed mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction （ED） at baseline, while 22 patients had no ED on microbiological eradication and throughout the follow-up period. In conclusion fluoroquinolone-macrolide therapy resulted in pathogen eradication and CBP symptom attenuation, including pain, voiding disturbances and sexual dysfunction. A once-daily 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks showed enhanced eradication rates and lower inflammatory white blood cell counts compared to the 500-mg dose for 6 weeks. Our results are open to further prospective validation.
基金supported by the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Plant Signal Research granted by the Academy of Finland(grant number 213509)
文摘Class Ⅲ secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class Ⅲ plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. Some evidence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Norway spruce （Picea abies） and Zinnia elegans. In addition, real time （RT-）PCR results have pointed out that many peroxidases have tissue specific expression patterns in Norway spruce. Through combining information on catalytic properties of the enzymes, on the expression patterns of the corresponding genes, and on the presence of monolignols and hydrogen peroxide in the apoplastic space, we can show that specific peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization in the apoplastic space of Norway spruce xylem.
基金Supported by the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Brussels,Belgium(to Lemoine L)foundation Limburg Sterk Merk,Hasselt University,Ziekenhuis OostLimburg and Jessa Hospital,Belgium(to Lemoine L,whom is a researcher for the Limburg Clinical Research Program UHasseltZOL-Jessa)
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Besides the lymphatic and haematogenous routes of dissemination,CRC frequently gives rise to transcoelomic spread of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity,which ultimately leads to peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). PC is associated with a poor prognosis and bad quality of life for these patients in their terminal stages of disease. A loco-regional treatment modality for PC combining cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy has resulted in promising clinical results. However,this novel approach is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal disease spread is paramount in avoiding unnecessary toxicity. The emergence of PC is the result of a molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and host elements,involving several well-defined steps,together known as the peritoneal metastatic cascade. Individual or clumps of tumor cells detach from the primary tumor,gain access to the peritoneal cavity and become susceptible to the regular peritoneal transport. They attach to the distant peritoneum,subsequently invade the subperitoneal space,where angiogenesis sustains proliferation and enables further metastatic growth. These molecular events are not isolated events but rather a continuous and interdependent process. In this manuscript,we review current data regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal PC,with a special focus on the peritoneum and the role of the surgeon in peritoneal disease spread.
文摘The inclusion of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercially-available fermented soybean meal product, was evaluated with juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in an initial 70-day feeding trial, with a supplemental trial involving a subset of the experimental diets continuing for an additional 40 d. Six diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% PSG, with the PSG directly replacing fish meal, were used in the first trial. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio between the fish meal-based control diet and diets containing up to 30% PSG. However, weight gain was significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio significantly increased with the 40% and 50% PSG diets. No health assessment differences were observed in fish receiving any of the diets, and no evidence of gross gut inflammation was evident. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio among the four dietary treatments ranging from 0% to 30% PSG which were fed for an additional 40 d after the initial 70-d trial (110 days total). Based on these results, juvenile rainbow trout diets can contain up to 30% PSG without any loss of rearing performance, thereby replacing at least 60% of the fish meal.
