AIM:To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the immune function and clinical outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS:Patients were randomly allocated to receive EEN or d...AIM:To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the immune function and clinical outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS:Patients were randomly allocated to receive EEN or delayed enteral nutrition (DEN).Enteral nutrition was started within 48 h after admission in EEN group,whereas from the 8 th day in DEN group.All the immunologic parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were collected on days 1,3,7 and 14 after admission.The clinical outcome variables were also recorded.RESULTS:Sixty SAP patients were enrolled to this study.The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and the CRP levels in EEN group became significantly lower than in DEN group from the 7 th day after admission.In contrast,the immunoglobulin G(IgG) levels and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in EEN group became significantly higher than in DEN group from the 7 th day after admission.No difference of CD8+ T-lymphocyte percentage,IgM and IgA levels was found between the two groups.The incidences of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,and pancreatic infection as well as the duration of intensive care unit stay were significantly lower in EEN group than in DEN group.However,there was no difference of hospital mortality between the two groups.CONCLUSION:EEN moderates the excessive immune response during the early stage of SAP without leading to subsequent immunosuppression.EEN can improve the clinical outcome,but not decrease the hospital mortality of SAP patients.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo ...INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo studies[1-5]. Due to limited effectiveness when any anti-carcinogen is used alone and obviously increased toxicity when the dose is raised, there is no exception for As2O3. Furthermore, combined chemotherapy contributes to improve therapeutic effectiveness, disperse toxicity and surmount drug-resistance,in which the combination of traditional Chinese and modern medicine has more advantages and characteristics. As a result,we made an experimental study on anti-tumor effect of As2O3in combination with cisplantin (PDD) or doxorubicin (ADM)on HCC. to investigate the possibility of AS2O3 in combination with PDD or ADM and nature of interaction between them,and to provide experimental basis for clinical application.展开更多
The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evalua...The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evaluated in randomized clinical trials in Chinese patients.We conducted a phrase Ⅲ trial in which patients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 2:1 to the mIFL [irinotecan(125 mg/m2),leucovorin(20 mg/m2) bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(500 mg/m2) weekly for four weeks every six weeks] plus bevacizumab(5 mg/kg every two weeks) group and the mIFL group,respectively.Co-primary objectives were progression-free survival(PFS) and 6-month PFS rate.In total,214 patients were enrolled.Our results showed that addition of bevacizumab to mIFL significantly improved median PFS(4.2 months in the mIFL group vs.8.3 months in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group,P < 0.001),6-month PFS rate(25.0% vs.62.6%,P < 0.001),median overall survival(13.4 months vs.18.7 months,P = 0.014),and response rate(17% vs.35%,P = 0.013).Grades 3 and 4 adverse events included diarrhea(21% in the mIFL group and 26% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group) and neutropenia(19% in the mIFL group and 33% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group).No wound-healing complications or congestive heart failure occurred.Our results suggested that bevacizumab plus mIFL is effective and well tolerated as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with mCRC.Clinical benefit and safety profiles were consistent with those observed in pivotal phase Ⅲ trials with mainly Caucasian patients.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important part of the treatment of primary liver cancer （PLC） in China; however, the current instructions for the integrative use of traditional Chinese and Western medicin...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important part of the treatment of primary liver cancer （PLC） in China; however, the current instructions for the integrative use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for PLC are mostly based on expert opinion. There is no evidence-based guideline for clinical prac-tice in this field. Therefore, the Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine has established a multidisciplinary working group to develop this guideline, which focuses on the most important questions about the use of TCM during PLC treatment. This guideline was developed following the method- ological process recommended by the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Two rounds of questionnaire survey were performed to identify clinical questions; published evidence was searched; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the body of evidence; and recommendations were formulated by combining the quality of evidence, patient preferences and values, and other risk factors. The guideline was written based on the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare tool. This guideline contains 10 recommendations related to 8 questions, including recommendations for early treatment by TCM after surgery, TCM combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced PLC, TCM drugs for external use, and acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects ...AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.展开更多
AIM: In human sepsis, a prominent component of the hypermetabolite is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hyperglycemia. Elevations in plasma glucose concentration impair immune function by altering cytokine producti...AIM: In human sepsis, a prominent component of the hypermetabolite is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hyperglycemia. Elevations in plasma glucose concentration impair immune function by altering cytokine production from macrophages. We assessed the role of glucose in the regulation of circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, cortisol,IL-6 and TNF-α in human sepsis with normal or impaired glucose tolerance.METHODS: According to the results of intravenous glucose tolerance test, forty patients were classified into two groups: control group (n=20) and IGT group (n=20).Plasma glucose levels were acutely raised in two groups and maintained at 15 mmol/L for 3 hours. Plasma insulin,glucagon and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.RESULTS: In IGT group, the fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, IL-6 and TNFα levels were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). During clamp, the control group had a higher average amount of dextrose infusion than the IGT group (P＜0.01). In control group, plasma insulin levels rose from a basal value to a peak at an hour (P＜0.05) and maintained at high levels. Plasma glucagon levels descended from a basal value to the lowest level within an hour (P＜0.01)and low levels were maintained throughout the clamp. In IGT group, plasma insulin was more significantly elevated (P＜0.01), and plasma glucagon levels were not significantly declined. Plasma cortisol levels were not significantly changed in two groups. In control group, plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels rose (P＜0.01) within 2 hours of the clamp and returned to basal values at 3 hours. In IGT group, increased levels of plasma cytokine lasted longer than in control group (3 hours vs. 2 hours, P＜0.05), and the cytokine peaks of IGT group were higher (P＜0.05) than those of control group.CONCLUSION: Acute hyperglycemia pricks up hyperinsulinemia and increases circulating cytokine concentrations and these effect展开更多
BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most established tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but one of its limitations is non-specificity. Many studies have demonstrated that alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-...BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most established tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but one of its limitations is non-specificity. Many studies have demonstrated that alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) is more specific than AFP in the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the post-hepatectomy profiles of serum AFP and AFP-L3 values in HCC patients. To identify the profiles after surgical resection of HCC, we analyzed the correlation between the profiles and postoperative HCC recurrence or survival, and evaluated their utility in predicting postoperative therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. METHODS: From August 2003 to December 2004, 318 patients with positive serum AFP who had received surgical resections were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels were measured simultaneously and regularly, and their postoperative profiles during a long term follow-up were recorded and summarized. RESULTS: A high ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP was shown to correlate with pathologic features of aggressiveness. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates of the whole series were 28% 57%, and 84%, and the overall survival rates were 86%, 61% and 33%, respectively. The changes of serum AFP and AFP-L3 after hepatectomy for HCC were classified into 3 groups (group A: AFP-L3 undetectable; group B: AFP-L3 <10%; and group C: AFP-L3 >10%). Patients with positive postoperative AFP-L3had significantly earlier recurrence than those with negative results. The overall survival was significantly shorter in the positive groups than in the groups negative for postoperative AFP-L3.CONCLUSION: Post-hepatectomy changes in serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels occurred in three distinct patterns, which were closely correlated with HCC recurrence and patient survival with different prognostic values.展开更多
With the rapid developments of artificial intelligence(AI)and deep learning(DL)techniques,it is critical to ensure the security and robustness of the deployed algorithms.Recently,the security vulnerability of DL algor...With the rapid developments of artificial intelligence(AI)and deep learning(DL)techniques,it is critical to ensure the security and robustness of the deployed algorithms.Recently,the security vulnerability of DL algorithms to adversarial samples has been widely recognized.The fabricated samples can lead to various misbehaviors of the DL models while being perceived as benign by humans.Successful implementations of adversarial attacks in real physical-world scenarios further demonstrate their practicality.Hence,adversarial attack and defense techniques have attracted increasing attention from both machine learning and security communities and have become a hot research topic in recent years.In this paper,we first introduce the theoretical foundations,algorithms,and applications of adversarial attack techniques.We then describe a few research efforts on the defense techniques,which cover the broad frontier in the field.Several open problems and challenges are subsequently discussed,which we hope will provoke further research efforts in this critical area.展开更多
Primary liver cancer, mainly consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), is one of common malignancies worldwide, and prevalent among the Chinese population. A diagnosis of early stage HCC has proven to be very diffi...Primary liver cancer, mainly consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), is one of common malignancies worldwide, and prevalent among the Chinese population. A diagnosis of early stage HCC has proven to be very difficult because of its insidious feature in onset and development. At the time of diagnosis, most HCC cases are locally advanced and/or distant metastatic, which results in difficulty to be treated and poor prognosis. For advanced HCC, systemic therapy is frequently adopted as an important palliative method. In recent years, clinical studies and observations have often reported about systemic anti-cancer therapy of advanced HCC, including molecular target therapy, systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this article, we review these treatment modalities to provide a reference for clinicians.展开更多
This paper analyzed the reliability and put forward the reliability index of overload protection for moulded case circuit breaker. The success rate was adopted as its reliability index of overload protection. Based on...This paper analyzed the reliability and put forward the reliability index of overload protection for moulded case circuit breaker. The success rate was adopted as its reliability index of overload protection. Based on the reliability index and the reli- ability level, the reliability examination plan was analyzed and a test device for the overload protection of moulded case cir- cuit-breaker was developed. In the reliability test of overload protection, two power sources were used, which reduced the time of conversion and regulation between two different test currents in the overload protection test, which made the characteristic test more accurate. The test device was designed on the base of a Windows system, which made its operation simple and friendly.展开更多
The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),...The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated via electrochemical polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution test and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that the microstructure of the as-extruded Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy containedα-Mg matrix and nanometric second phase Mg_(41)Nd_(5).The grain size of the alloy increased significantly with the increase in the heat-treatment duration,whereas the volume fraction of the second phase decreased after the solid solution treatment.The surface film was composed of oxides(Nd_(2)O_(3),Mg O,Li_(2)O and Zn O)and carbonates(Mg CO3 and Li_(2)CO3),in addition to Nd.The as-extruded alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after an initial soaking of 10 min,whereas the alloy with 4 h-solution-treatment possessed the lowest corrosion rate after a longer immersion(1 h).This can be attributed to the formation of Nd-containing oxide film on the alloys and a dense corrosion product layer.The dealloying corrosion of the second phase was related to the anodic Mg_(41)Nd_(5)with a more negative Volta potential relative toα-Mg phase.The preferential corrosion of Mg_(41)Nd_(5)is proven by in-situ observation and SEM.The solid solution treatment of Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy led to a shift in corrosion type from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion under long-term exposure.展开更多
Hepatobiliary cystadenoma that is most often found in is an uncommon lesion middle-aged women and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report a case of giant hepatobiliary cystadenoma in a male patient with ...Hepatobiliary cystadenoma that is most often found in is an uncommon lesion middle-aged women and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report a case of giant hepatobiliary cystadenoma in a male patient with obvious convex papillate. On the basis of imaging examinations, the patient was diagnosed as hepatobiliary cystadenoma prior to operation. Left hepatectomy was performed and the patient was symptom-free during a 6-too follow-up period, suggesting that imaging examination is the major diagnostic method of hepatobiliary cystadenoma, and operation is its best treatment modality.展开更多
Highly reduced polyoxometalates(POMs) are predicted to be used as rather high energy density materials;however,it still suffers from the limited cluster species and reduction ratio.Here we demonstrate that it is possi...Highly reduced polyoxometalates(POMs) are predicted to be used as rather high energy density materials;however,it still suffers from the limited cluster species and reduction ratio.Here we demonstrate that it is possible to employ the building block strategy to generate a highly reduced polyoxomolybdate(C_(2)H_(8)N)_(14)(NH_(4))_(4)H_(14)[Mo_(48)-ⅤMo_(26)ⅥO_(202)(OH)_(12)(SO_(4))_(6)]·46H_(2)O(Mo_(74)).The fundamental Mo-based{Mo_x}(x=4,5,and 6) building blocks,which are templated by tetra-coordinated anions{MoO_(4)}or{SO_(4)},not only lay foundation for the formation of Mo_(74) featuring an unprecedented reduction ratio of 65%,but also give rise to SBBs-mediated(secondary building blocks) supramolecular dense packing interactions among the isolated Mo_(74) clusters that are favorable for proton conduction.Remarkably,high proton conductivity(2.04×10^(-2)S cm^(-1)) had been realized at 50℃ and 90% relative humidity,revealing one of the well-known POMs-based crystalline proton conducting materials.This result highlights that this building block approach possesses great potential in producing highly reduced POM systems that can achieve controllable reduced ratio and desirable properties.展开更多
The development of stereodivergent synthetic methods to access all four stereoisomers of biologically importantα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones containing vicinal stereocenters is of great importance and poses a formidable ...The development of stereodivergent synthetic methods to access all four stereoisomers of biologically importantα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones containing vicinal stereocenters is of great importance and poses a formidable challenge owing to ring strain and steric hindrance.Herein,a novel asymmetric[3+2]annulation ofα-fluoroα-azaaryl acetates with vinylethylene carbonate was successfully developed through Cu/Ir-catalyzed cascade allylic alkylation/lactonization,affording a variety of enantioenrichedα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones bearing vicinal stereogenic centers with high reaction efficiency and excellent levels of both stereoselectivity and regioselectivity(up to 98%yield,generally>20:1 dr and>99%ee).Notably,all four stereoisomers of these pharmaceutically valuable molecules could be accessed individually via simple permutations of two enantiomeric catalysts.In addition,other azaaryl acetates bearingα-methyl,α-chlorine orα-phenyl group were tolerated well in this transformation.Reaction mechanistic investigations were conducted to explore the process of this bimetallic catalysis based on the results of reaction intermediates,isotopic labelling experiments,and kinetic studies.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from the Key Project of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of People's Liberation Army,No.06G041
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the immune function and clinical outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS:Patients were randomly allocated to receive EEN or delayed enteral nutrition (DEN).Enteral nutrition was started within 48 h after admission in EEN group,whereas from the 8 th day in DEN group.All the immunologic parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were collected on days 1,3,7 and 14 after admission.The clinical outcome variables were also recorded.RESULTS:Sixty SAP patients were enrolled to this study.The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and the CRP levels in EEN group became significantly lower than in DEN group from the 7 th day after admission.In contrast,the immunoglobulin G(IgG) levels and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in EEN group became significantly higher than in DEN group from the 7 th day after admission.No difference of CD8+ T-lymphocyte percentage,IgM and IgA levels was found between the two groups.The incidences of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,and pancreatic infection as well as the duration of intensive care unit stay were significantly lower in EEN group than in DEN group.However,there was no difference of hospital mortality between the two groups.CONCLUSION:EEN moderates the excessive immune response during the early stage of SAP without leading to subsequent immunosuppression.EEN can improve the clinical outcome,but not decrease the hospital mortality of SAP patients.
基金Supported by the Youth Science Grant of Jiangshu Province,No.BQ98048.
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo studies[1-5]. Due to limited effectiveness when any anti-carcinogen is used alone and obviously increased toxicity when the dose is raised, there is no exception for As2O3. Furthermore, combined chemotherapy contributes to improve therapeutic effectiveness, disperse toxicity and surmount drug-resistance,in which the combination of traditional Chinese and modern medicine has more advantages and characteristics. As a result,we made an experimental study on anti-tumor effect of As2O3in combination with cisplantin (PDD) or doxorubicin (ADM)on HCC. to investigate the possibility of AS2O3 in combination with PDD or ADM and nature of interaction between them,and to provide experimental basis for clinical application.
文摘The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evaluated in randomized clinical trials in Chinese patients.We conducted a phrase Ⅲ trial in which patients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 2:1 to the mIFL [irinotecan(125 mg/m2),leucovorin(20 mg/m2) bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(500 mg/m2) weekly for four weeks every six weeks] plus bevacizumab(5 mg/kg every two weeks) group and the mIFL group,respectively.Co-primary objectives were progression-free survival(PFS) and 6-month PFS rate.In total,214 patients were enrolled.Our results showed that addition of bevacizumab to mIFL significantly improved median PFS(4.2 months in the mIFL group vs.8.3 months in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group,P < 0.001),6-month PFS rate(25.0% vs.62.6%,P < 0.001),median overall survival(13.4 months vs.18.7 months,P = 0.014),and response rate(17% vs.35%,P = 0.013).Grades 3 and 4 adverse events included diarrhea(21% in the mIFL group and 26% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group) and neutropenia(19% in the mIFL group and 33% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group).No wound-healing complications or congestive heart failure occurred.Our results suggested that bevacizumab plus mIFL is effective and well tolerated as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with mCRC.Clinical benefit and safety profiles were consistent with those observed in pivotal phase Ⅲ trials with mainly Caucasian patients.
基金funded by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(Grant Number ZY3-LCPT-2-1004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number81503459)E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant Number E03008)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important part of the treatment of primary liver cancer （PLC） in China; however, the current instructions for the integrative use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for PLC are mostly based on expert opinion. There is no evidence-based guideline for clinical prac-tice in this field. Therefore, the Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine has established a multidisciplinary working group to develop this guideline, which focuses on the most important questions about the use of TCM during PLC treatment. This guideline was developed following the method- ological process recommended by the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Two rounds of questionnaire survey were performed to identify clinical questions; published evidence was searched; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the body of evidence; and recommendations were formulated by combining the quality of evidence, patient preferences and values, and other risk factors. The guideline was written based on the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare tool. This guideline contains 10 recommendations related to 8 questions, including recommendations for early treatment by TCM after surgery, TCM combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced PLC, TCM drugs for external use, and acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
基金Supported by Health Foundation of Jiangsu Province (H20 0719)the Higher Education Foundation of Jiangsu Province (08KJB320014)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2008168)Suzhou High-Level Talents Project (2008-11)the Science, Education and Health Foundation of Soochow City (SWKQ00814)
文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.
基金the Key Project of the Tenth-Five-year plan Foundation of PLA,No.01Z011
文摘AIM: In human sepsis, a prominent component of the hypermetabolite is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hyperglycemia. Elevations in plasma glucose concentration impair immune function by altering cytokine production from macrophages. We assessed the role of glucose in the regulation of circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, cortisol,IL-6 and TNF-α in human sepsis with normal or impaired glucose tolerance.METHODS: According to the results of intravenous glucose tolerance test, forty patients were classified into two groups: control group (n=20) and IGT group (n=20).Plasma glucose levels were acutely raised in two groups and maintained at 15 mmol/L for 3 hours. Plasma insulin,glucagon and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.RESULTS: In IGT group, the fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, IL-6 and TNFα levels were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). During clamp, the control group had a higher average amount of dextrose infusion than the IGT group (P＜0.01). In control group, plasma insulin levels rose from a basal value to a peak at an hour (P＜0.05) and maintained at high levels. Plasma glucagon levels descended from a basal value to the lowest level within an hour (P＜0.01)and low levels were maintained throughout the clamp. In IGT group, plasma insulin was more significantly elevated (P＜0.01), and plasma glucagon levels were not significantly declined. Plasma cortisol levels were not significantly changed in two groups. In control group, plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels rose (P＜0.01) within 2 hours of the clamp and returned to basal values at 3 hours. In IGT group, increased levels of plasma cytokine lasted longer than in control group (3 hours vs. 2 hours, P＜0.05), and the cytokine peaks of IGT group were higher (P＜0.05) than those of control group.CONCLUSION: Acute hyperglycemia pricks up hyperinsulinemia and increases circulating cytokine concentrations and these effect
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA02Z461)the China National Key Projects for Infectious Disease (2008ZX10002-021)
文摘BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most established tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but one of its limitations is non-specificity. Many studies have demonstrated that alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) is more specific than AFP in the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the post-hepatectomy profiles of serum AFP and AFP-L3 values in HCC patients. To identify the profiles after surgical resection of HCC, we analyzed the correlation between the profiles and postoperative HCC recurrence or survival, and evaluated their utility in predicting postoperative therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. METHODS: From August 2003 to December 2004, 318 patients with positive serum AFP who had received surgical resections were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels were measured simultaneously and regularly, and their postoperative profiles during a long term follow-up were recorded and summarized. RESULTS: A high ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP was shown to correlate with pathologic features of aggressiveness. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates of the whole series were 28% 57%, and 84%, and the overall survival rates were 86%, 61% and 33%, respectively. The changes of serum AFP and AFP-L3 after hepatectomy for HCC were classified into 3 groups (group A: AFP-L3 undetectable; group B: AFP-L3 <10%; and group C: AFP-L3 >10%). Patients with positive postoperative AFP-L3had significantly earlier recurrence than those with negative results. The overall survival was significantly shorter in the positive groups than in the groups negative for postoperative AFP-L3.CONCLUSION: Post-hepatectomy changes in serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels occurred in three distinct patterns, which were closely correlated with HCC recurrence and patient survival with different prognostic values.
基金Ant Financial,Zhejiang University Financial Technology Research Center.
文摘With the rapid developments of artificial intelligence(AI)and deep learning(DL)techniques,it is critical to ensure the security and robustness of the deployed algorithms.Recently,the security vulnerability of DL algorithms to adversarial samples has been widely recognized.The fabricated samples can lead to various misbehaviors of the DL models while being perceived as benign by humans.Successful implementations of adversarial attacks in real physical-world scenarios further demonstrate their practicality.Hence,adversarial attack and defense techniques have attracted increasing attention from both machine learning and security communities and have become a hot research topic in recent years.In this paper,we first introduce the theoretical foundations,algorithms,and applications of adversarial attack techniques.We then describe a few research efforts on the defense techniques,which cover the broad frontier in the field.Several open problems and challenges are subsequently discussed,which we hope will provoke further research efforts in this critical area.
文摘Primary liver cancer, mainly consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), is one of common malignancies worldwide, and prevalent among the Chinese population. A diagnosis of early stage HCC has proven to be very difficult because of its insidious feature in onset and development. At the time of diagnosis, most HCC cases are locally advanced and/or distant metastatic, which results in difficulty to be treated and poor prognosis. For advanced HCC, systemic therapy is frequently adopted as an important palliative method. In recent years, clinical studies and observations have often reported about systemic anti-cancer therapy of advanced HCC, including molecular target therapy, systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this article, we review these treatment modalities to provide a reference for clinicians.
基金Project (No. E2005000039) supported by the Natural Science Foun-dation of Hebei Province, China
文摘This paper analyzed the reliability and put forward the reliability index of overload protection for moulded case circuit breaker. The success rate was adopted as its reliability index of overload protection. Based on the reliability index and the reli- ability level, the reliability examination plan was analyzed and a test device for the overload protection of moulded case cir- cuit-breaker was developed. In the reliability test of overload protection, two power sources were used, which reduced the time of conversion and regulation between two different test currents in the overload protection test, which made the characteristic test more accurate. The test device was designed on the base of a Windows system, which made its operation simple and friendly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071191)the SDUST Research Found(2014TDJH104)。
文摘The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated via electrochemical polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution test and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that the microstructure of the as-extruded Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy containedα-Mg matrix and nanometric second phase Mg_(41)Nd_(5).The grain size of the alloy increased significantly with the increase in the heat-treatment duration,whereas the volume fraction of the second phase decreased after the solid solution treatment.The surface film was composed of oxides(Nd_(2)O_(3),Mg O,Li_(2)O and Zn O)and carbonates(Mg CO3 and Li_(2)CO3),in addition to Nd.The as-extruded alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after an initial soaking of 10 min,whereas the alloy with 4 h-solution-treatment possessed the lowest corrosion rate after a longer immersion(1 h).This can be attributed to the formation of Nd-containing oxide film on the alloys and a dense corrosion product layer.The dealloying corrosion of the second phase was related to the anodic Mg_(41)Nd_(5)with a more negative Volta potential relative toα-Mg phase.The preferential corrosion of Mg_(41)Nd_(5)is proven by in-situ observation and SEM.The solid solution treatment of Mg-3 Nd-1 Li-0.2 Zn alloy led to a shift in corrosion type from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion under long-term exposure.
文摘Hepatobiliary cystadenoma that is most often found in is an uncommon lesion middle-aged women and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report a case of giant hepatobiliary cystadenoma in a male patient with obvious convex papillate. On the basis of imaging examinations, the patient was diagnosed as hepatobiliary cystadenoma prior to operation. Left hepatectomy was performed and the patient was symptom-free during a 6-too follow-up period, suggesting that imaging examination is the major diagnostic method of hepatobiliary cystadenoma, and operation is its best treatment modality.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province-Free Exploration General Project(YDZJ202201ZYTS331)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801038)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Foundation of Jilin Educational Committee(JJKH20221158KJ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412022ZD002,2412022ZD009)。
文摘Highly reduced polyoxometalates(POMs) are predicted to be used as rather high energy density materials;however,it still suffers from the limited cluster species and reduction ratio.Here we demonstrate that it is possible to employ the building block strategy to generate a highly reduced polyoxomolybdate(C_(2)H_(8)N)_(14)(NH_(4))_(4)H_(14)[Mo_(48)-ⅤMo_(26)ⅥO_(202)(OH)_(12)(SO_(4))_(6)]·46H_(2)O(Mo_(74)).The fundamental Mo-based{Mo_x}(x=4,5,and 6) building blocks,which are templated by tetra-coordinated anions{MoO_(4)}or{SO_(4)},not only lay foundation for the formation of Mo_(74) featuring an unprecedented reduction ratio of 65%,but also give rise to SBBs-mediated(secondary building blocks) supramolecular dense packing interactions among the isolated Mo_(74) clusters that are favorable for proton conduction.Remarkably,high proton conductivity(2.04×10^(-2)S cm^(-1)) had been realized at 50℃ and 90% relative humidity,revealing one of the well-known POMs-based crystalline proton conducting materials.This result highlights that this building block approach possesses great potential in producing highly reduced POM systems that can achieve controllable reduced ratio and desirable properties.
基金We are grateful for financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1506700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071186,22071187,22101216,22271226,and 22371216)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA036,2021CFA069)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190213)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702514)National Youth Talent Support Program,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022kf1180).
文摘The development of stereodivergent synthetic methods to access all four stereoisomers of biologically importantα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones containing vicinal stereocenters is of great importance and poses a formidable challenge owing to ring strain and steric hindrance.Herein,a novel asymmetric[3+2]annulation ofα-fluoroα-azaaryl acetates with vinylethylene carbonate was successfully developed through Cu/Ir-catalyzed cascade allylic alkylation/lactonization,affording a variety of enantioenrichedα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones bearing vicinal stereogenic centers with high reaction efficiency and excellent levels of both stereoselectivity and regioselectivity(up to 98%yield,generally>20:1 dr and>99%ee).Notably,all four stereoisomers of these pharmaceutically valuable molecules could be accessed individually via simple permutations of two enantiomeric catalysts.In addition,other azaaryl acetates bearingα-methyl,α-chlorine orα-phenyl group were tolerated well in this transformation.Reaction mechanistic investigations were conducted to explore the process of this bimetallic catalysis based on the results of reaction intermediates,isotopic labelling experiments,and kinetic studies.
