Recent reports describe an increased rate of cardiovascular events in smoking HIV-infected subjects. However, a lot is still unknown about smoking in this patient population. The purpose of the study was to analyze sm...Recent reports describe an increased rate of cardiovascular events in smoking HIV-infected subjects. However, a lot is still unknown about smoking in this patient population. The purpose of the study was to analyze smoking behavior in HIV-infected subjects as a risk factor of coro-nary atherosclerosis and determine its effect on the probability of coronary events. We analyzed the cardiovascular risk factors of 294 HIV-infected adults (age: 42.1 ? 10.1 years;77% males). An elevated tobacco abuse was observed in 63.6% of the HIV-infected patients. Tobacco use was much more common in HIV-infected males than in females (67.8% vs. 49.2%;p 0.2). Analysing the way of infection and the status of smoking, patients with HIV-infection acquired by heterosexual contact exhibited sig-nificantly lower rates of smoking compared with patients with HIV-infection acquired by MSM (man having sex with man) or by intravenous drug abuse (52.7% vs. 67.4%/82.1%, p < 0.01). The effect of smoking on the 10yrs. probability of coronary events determined by Framingham- equation was superior compared with all other classic cardiovascular risk factors. HIV-infected patients exhibited an increased tobacco use. Knowledge about smoking behavior in this pa-tient population is essential to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events and to implicate prevention strategies for HIV-infected subjects.展开更多
Purpose:The article examines the role of digital and,in particular,social media in business-to-business marketing in the international software industry.The authors responded to calls for empirical research on how the...Purpose:The article examines the role of digital and,in particular,social media in business-to-business marketing in the international software industry.The authors responded to calls for empirical research on how these media impact buyer-vendor relationships and the conjunction of the marketing and sales processes,particularly the distribution of complex software solutions.This paper develops a digital framework and discusses the managerial consequences.Design/methodology/approach:The model arises by merging themes derived from literature,experts,and job descriptions.Mixed Methods included conducting semi-structured interviews across marketing,business development,and sales executives from buyers,vendors,and third parties of various industries,supplemented by a survey of 530+executives.Findings:Multinational companies secure competitive advantage through agile business processes to improve buyer-vendor relationships in the digital era.Digital media enable vendors to interact continuously with buyers,gather intelligence,and foster mutually beneficial,trustworthy,long-term relationships.The objective is to prompt transactions and secure revenue streams.Research limitations/implications:The outcomes of this research center on North America,Western Europe(including the UK),and DACH(Germany-Austria-Switzerland),affecting the generalizability.Originality/value:The research is novel and bridges several gaps concerning industrial relationships in digitalization:it merges buyer,vendor,and third-party’s perspectives on an international scale.It provides deeper insights into existing and new relationships by identifying relevant digital/social media platforms,the underlying usage motivation,and fundamental B2B processes.Finally,it equips practitioners with metrics to improve performance.展开更多
AIM: To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception(FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate...AIM: To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception(FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early(onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset(experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English(from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned metaanalyses through a literature search in the Pub Med database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text. RESULTS: We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the Pub Med database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women(including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across thesch展开更多
BACKGROUND Social engagement-important for health and well-being-can be difficult for people with schizophrenia.Past research indicates that despite expressing interest in social interactions,people with schizophrenia...BACKGROUND Social engagement-important for health and well-being-can be difficult for people with schizophrenia.Past research indicates that despite expressing interest in social interactions,people with schizophrenia report spending less time with others and feeling lonely.Social motivations and barriers may play an important role for understanding social engagement in schizophrenia.AIM To investigate how people with schizophrenia describe factors that impede and promote social engagement.METHODS We interviewed a community sample of people with(n=35)and without(n=27)schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder about their social interactions with friends and family over the past week and planned social activities for the coming week.We reviewed the interview transcripts and developed a novel coding system to capture whether interactions occurred,who had initiated the contact,and frequency of reported social barriers(i.e.,internal,conflict-based,logistical)and social motivations(i.e.,instrumental,affiliative,obligation-based).We also assessed symptoms and functioning.RESULTS People with schizophrenia were less likely than people without schizophrenia to have spent time with friends[t(51.04)=2.09,P=0.042,d=0.51)],but not family.People with schizophrenia reported more social barriers than people without schizophrenia[F(1,60)=10.55,P=0.002,ηp2=0.15)]but did not differ in reported social motivations.Specifically,people with schizophrenia reported more internal[t(45.75)=3.40,P=0.001,d=0.83)]and conflict-based[t(40.11)=3.03,P=0.004,d=0.73)]barriers than people without schizophrenia.Social barriers and motivations were related to real-world social functioning for people with schizophrenia,such that more barriers were associated with more difficulty in close relationships(r=-0.37,P=0.027)and more motivations were associated with better community functioning(r=0.38,P=0.024).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of assessing first person accounts of social barriers and motivations to better understand social eng展开更多
Recently, there has been great interest in the linear polarization of photons produced by radiative electron capture (REC, the time reversed photoionization in ion-atom collisions). No such data are available for the ...Recently, there has been great interest in the linear polarization of photons produced by radiative electron capture (REC, the time reversed photoionization in ion-atom collisions). No such data are available for the high-Z regime till now. By using high efficiency by by a new generation of segmented germanium detectors that have energy as well as position resolution this field can be investigated experimentally. The展开更多
文摘Recent reports describe an increased rate of cardiovascular events in smoking HIV-infected subjects. However, a lot is still unknown about smoking in this patient population. The purpose of the study was to analyze smoking behavior in HIV-infected subjects as a risk factor of coro-nary atherosclerosis and determine its effect on the probability of coronary events. We analyzed the cardiovascular risk factors of 294 HIV-infected adults (age: 42.1 ? 10.1 years;77% males). An elevated tobacco abuse was observed in 63.6% of the HIV-infected patients. Tobacco use was much more common in HIV-infected males than in females (67.8% vs. 49.2%;p 0.2). Analysing the way of infection and the status of smoking, patients with HIV-infection acquired by heterosexual contact exhibited sig-nificantly lower rates of smoking compared with patients with HIV-infection acquired by MSM (man having sex with man) or by intravenous drug abuse (52.7% vs. 67.4%/82.1%, p < 0.01). The effect of smoking on the 10yrs. probability of coronary events determined by Framingham- equation was superior compared with all other classic cardiovascular risk factors. HIV-infected patients exhibited an increased tobacco use. Knowledge about smoking behavior in this pa-tient population is essential to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events and to implicate prevention strategies for HIV-infected subjects.
文摘Purpose:The article examines the role of digital and,in particular,social media in business-to-business marketing in the international software industry.The authors responded to calls for empirical research on how these media impact buyer-vendor relationships and the conjunction of the marketing and sales processes,particularly the distribution of complex software solutions.This paper develops a digital framework and discusses the managerial consequences.Design/methodology/approach:The model arises by merging themes derived from literature,experts,and job descriptions.Mixed Methods included conducting semi-structured interviews across marketing,business development,and sales executives from buyers,vendors,and third parties of various industries,supplemented by a survey of 530+executives.Findings:Multinational companies secure competitive advantage through agile business processes to improve buyer-vendor relationships in the digital era.Digital media enable vendors to interact continuously with buyers,gather intelligence,and foster mutually beneficial,trustworthy,long-term relationships.The objective is to prompt transactions and secure revenue streams.Research limitations/implications:The outcomes of this research center on North America,Western Europe(including the UK),and DACH(Germany-Austria-Switzerland),affecting the generalizability.Originality/value:The research is novel and bridges several gaps concerning industrial relationships in digitalization:it merges buyer,vendor,and third-party’s perspectives on an international scale.It provides deeper insights into existing and new relationships by identifying relevant digital/social media platforms,the underlying usage motivation,and fundamental B2B processes.Finally,it equips practitioners with metrics to improve performance.
文摘AIM: To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception(FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early(onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset(experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English(from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned metaanalyses through a literature search in the Pub Med database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text. RESULTS: We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the Pub Med database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women(including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across thesch
基金National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program,No.1752814.
文摘BACKGROUND Social engagement-important for health and well-being-can be difficult for people with schizophrenia.Past research indicates that despite expressing interest in social interactions,people with schizophrenia report spending less time with others and feeling lonely.Social motivations and barriers may play an important role for understanding social engagement in schizophrenia.AIM To investigate how people with schizophrenia describe factors that impede and promote social engagement.METHODS We interviewed a community sample of people with(n=35)and without(n=27)schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder about their social interactions with friends and family over the past week and planned social activities for the coming week.We reviewed the interview transcripts and developed a novel coding system to capture whether interactions occurred,who had initiated the contact,and frequency of reported social barriers(i.e.,internal,conflict-based,logistical)and social motivations(i.e.,instrumental,affiliative,obligation-based).We also assessed symptoms and functioning.RESULTS People with schizophrenia were less likely than people without schizophrenia to have spent time with friends[t(51.04)=2.09,P=0.042,d=0.51)],but not family.People with schizophrenia reported more social barriers than people without schizophrenia[F(1,60)=10.55,P=0.002,ηp2=0.15)]but did not differ in reported social motivations.Specifically,people with schizophrenia reported more internal[t(45.75)=3.40,P=0.001,d=0.83)]and conflict-based[t(40.11)=3.03,P=0.004,d=0.73)]barriers than people without schizophrenia.Social barriers and motivations were related to real-world social functioning for people with schizophrenia,such that more barriers were associated with more difficulty in close relationships(r=-0.37,P=0.027)and more motivations were associated with better community functioning(r=0.38,P=0.024).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of assessing first person accounts of social barriers and motivations to better understand social eng
文摘Recently, there has been great interest in the linear polarization of photons produced by radiative electron capture (REC, the time reversed photoionization in ion-atom collisions). No such data are available for the high-Z regime till now. By using high efficiency by by a new generation of segmented germanium detectors that have energy as well as position resolution this field can be investigated experimentally. The
