Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the...Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental （LDT） nucleus of the brainstem in acupuncture-induced electroencephalogram （EEG） changes. Methods A total of 109 SD rats were used in the present study. Under anesthesia （urethane）, a pair of stainless steel electrodes was separately implanted into the frontal and parietal bony sutures to record EEG. Glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular discharges of single neuron of the LDT nucleus in the brainstem. Urinary bladder pressure was recorded through a catheter inserted in the bladder and the contraction was induced by infusion of normal saline. A filiform acupuncture needle was inserted into the sacral segment Ecorresponding to Zhongliao （中髎BL 33）] and rotated manually for 1 min. Results In 27 rats whose bladder was full of normal saline, acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region suppressed the contraction activity of the bladder, the fast EEG with lower amplitude and higher frequency tuned into slow EEG with higher amplitude and lower frequency in 6 cases （22.2%）. The inhibitory effect occurred from 45 s to 12 min after acupuncture manipulation. In 82 rats whose bladder was empty, acupuncture stimulation caused the fast EEG to turn into slow EEG in 71 cases （86.6%）. Simultaneously, LDT cholinergic neurons reduced their firing rates from （2.9±1.5） Hz to （1.2±0.6） Hz （n = 12, P〈0.05）, and the reduction of LDT neuronal discharge was earlier in time than the change of EEG. Conclusion Acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region can lower the excitability of the cerebral cortex and suppress bladder activity, which is closely associated with its resultant inhibitory effect on the electrical activity of LDT cholinergic neurons.展开更多
Although the child masturbation is recognized as not uncommon behavior, our understanding of normative sexual development in humans is fairly limited. To investigate the possible relationship between early childhood m...Although the child masturbation is recognized as not uncommon behavior, our understanding of normative sexual development in humans is fairly limited. To investigate the possible relationship between early childhood masturbation and subsequent sexual cognition, we retrospectively researched three adolescents who had been reared male and who masturbated in early childhood in similar ways, but had different subsequent sexual cognition. The three young people all recalled primary sexual pleasure from masturbation at age 4 or 5. Their distinctive sexual attitudes could be discerned at age 15 to 20. One was transgender, one was homosexual, and one was heterosexual. Combining recent findings of the neural mechanisms of sexual pleasure and cognition, it can be inferred that the early sexual pleasure in preschoolers might have little significance for the development of sexual cognition in adolescence.展开更多
Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovat...Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovative ways to normalize the appearance of patients with abnormalities. A variety of cosmetic techniques are used to assist these patients in making their irregularities as inconspicuous as possible. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a frustrating problem afflicting many dermatology patients, particularly on the face. Here we report a case of successful cosmetic camouflage using the theory of complementary colors of light in a patient with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the face caused by fixed drug eruption. Our case report supports the idea that camouflage for patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on the face caused by fixed drug eruption improves their quality of life and also supports the idea that camouflage should be part of the after care for patients who have received patch testing.展开更多
Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent...Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.展开更多
文摘Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental （LDT） nucleus of the brainstem in acupuncture-induced electroencephalogram （EEG） changes. Methods A total of 109 SD rats were used in the present study. Under anesthesia （urethane）, a pair of stainless steel electrodes was separately implanted into the frontal and parietal bony sutures to record EEG. Glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular discharges of single neuron of the LDT nucleus in the brainstem. Urinary bladder pressure was recorded through a catheter inserted in the bladder and the contraction was induced by infusion of normal saline. A filiform acupuncture needle was inserted into the sacral segment Ecorresponding to Zhongliao （中髎BL 33）] and rotated manually for 1 min. Results In 27 rats whose bladder was full of normal saline, acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region suppressed the contraction activity of the bladder, the fast EEG with lower amplitude and higher frequency tuned into slow EEG with higher amplitude and lower frequency in 6 cases （22.2%）. The inhibitory effect occurred from 45 s to 12 min after acupuncture manipulation. In 82 rats whose bladder was empty, acupuncture stimulation caused the fast EEG to turn into slow EEG in 71 cases （86.6%）. Simultaneously, LDT cholinergic neurons reduced their firing rates from （2.9±1.5） Hz to （1.2±0.6） Hz （n = 12, P〈0.05）, and the reduction of LDT neuronal discharge was earlier in time than the change of EEG. Conclusion Acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region can lower the excitability of the cerebral cortex and suppress bladder activity, which is closely associated with its resultant inhibitory effect on the electrical activity of LDT cholinergic neurons.
文摘Although the child masturbation is recognized as not uncommon behavior, our understanding of normative sexual development in humans is fairly limited. To investigate the possible relationship between early childhood masturbation and subsequent sexual cognition, we retrospectively researched three adolescents who had been reared male and who masturbated in early childhood in similar ways, but had different subsequent sexual cognition. The three young people all recalled primary sexual pleasure from masturbation at age 4 or 5. Their distinctive sexual attitudes could be discerned at age 15 to 20. One was transgender, one was homosexual, and one was heterosexual. Combining recent findings of the neural mechanisms of sexual pleasure and cognition, it can be inferred that the early sexual pleasure in preschoolers might have little significance for the development of sexual cognition in adolescence.
文摘Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovative ways to normalize the appearance of patients with abnormalities. A variety of cosmetic techniques are used to assist these patients in making their irregularities as inconspicuous as possible. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a frustrating problem afflicting many dermatology patients, particularly on the face. Here we report a case of successful cosmetic camouflage using the theory of complementary colors of light in a patient with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the face caused by fixed drug eruption. Our case report supports the idea that camouflage for patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on the face caused by fixed drug eruption improves their quality of life and also supports the idea that camouflage should be part of the after care for patients who have received patch testing.
文摘Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.
