<b>Aim:</b> Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) is a potentially addictive cannabinoid. Its impact on the activity of liver arylamine N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) ...<b>Aim:</b> Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) is a potentially addictive cannabinoid. Its impact on the activity of liver arylamine N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) has not been reported. This study investigated the rewarding effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC in mice and whether Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC had any impact <i>ex-vivo</i> and <i>in-vitro</i> on NAT activity. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-six Swiss albinomice randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) completed a biased, 8-week Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice exhibiting ~80% preference for the black chamber at pre-conditioning were selected. Treatment groups were administered Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC (0.10, 0.50 or 2.0 mg/kg/mL, <i>ip</i>) or amphetamine (AMP, 5.0 mg/kg/mL, <i>ip</i>);while untreated groups (controls) received vehicle solutions (coconut oil or 0.9% saline). Entries and time spent in the white, drug-paired chamber during a 15-min post-conditioning exploration of the CPP apparatus were compared with the pre-conditioning exploratory scores. Livers from Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC treated and untreated mice were excised and NAT enzyme activity determined <i>ex-vivo</i> using a spectrophotometric assay with p-anisidine as substrate. The impact of varying concentrations of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC (0.00 - 162 μM) on the activities of NAT from untreated mice livers were also investigated <i>in-vitro</i>. <b>Results:</b> Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC treated mice entered and spent significantly more time in the drug-paired CPP chamber (p ≤ 0.05) at post-conditioning vs pre-conditioning (F = 11.22). Mice treated with 2.0 mg/kg Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC made significantly more entries into the drug-paired chamber (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with their vehicle controls. AMP-treated mice displayed significant (p < 0.001) increases in both entries and time spent in the drug-paired chamber at post-conditioning (positive place preference). <i>In-vitro</i> NAT evaluations revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory impact of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC on NAT activity with an IC50 value of 34展开更多
<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (C...<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. <b>Method:</b> Twenty-four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats with pre-conditioned preference for the black chamber of the CPP box were randomly divided into Cocaine (COC) or Saline (SAL) treated groups. Rats (n = 12) treated with cocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/kg/ml, <i>i.p.</i> (COC group) were confined individually to the white chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On alternate days, they were given 1 ml saline vehicle, <i>i.p.</i> and confined to the black chamber. Control rats (SAL group, n = 12) received only vehicle on all 8 days and were confined on alternate days to the white or black chamber. Positive place preference was confirmed for COC rats, which subsequently received 6 increasing daily doses of cocaine. CPP performances of both COC and SAL rats were recorded following an acute 3-day withdrawal period. All animals were then randomly assigned to rats fed either chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (COC-S and SAL-S) or standard rat chow (COC-N and SAL-N) for 8 weeks, followed by final CPP performances. <b>Results:</b> Following supplementation, COC-S rats made significantly less entries and time spent in the white chamber (p < 0.05) compared with COC-N rats. COC-S rats exhibited significant place aversion to the white chamber similar to drug-naive animals;whereas COC-N continued to show positive place preference. <b>Conclusion:</b> Drug-seeking behavior that persisted during cocaine withdrawal was significantly diminished in the nutritionally supplemented.展开更多
<span><b><span style="font-family:"">Aim: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">Beneficial effects of<b> &l...<span><b><span style="font-family:"">Aim: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">Beneficial effects of<b> </b>virgin coconut oil (VCO) consumption to improve cognition <span>in menopausal females<sup> </sup>remain inconclusive. This study examined the effect of VCO supplementation in aging cycling and non-cycling rodents to assess its impact on cognition. <b>Methods:</b> Sprague-Dawley rats (10</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">18 months) were randomly assigned to a supplemented VCO group (SVCO) that received oral doses of 1.42 mL/kg/day VCO (n = 10) and a non-supplemented (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">NVCO) group (n = 10). Their performance in a biased Y-maze discriminative learning paradigm was assessed over a 16-week period. Rats were initially allowed 3 minutes to explore the maze (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">habituated</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">) and subsequently </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">pre-trained</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in the non-preferred, white chamber to associate the presentation of a tone with a treat (reward). </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">Training</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><spa展开更多
文摘<b>Aim:</b> Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) is a potentially addictive cannabinoid. Its impact on the activity of liver arylamine N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) has not been reported. This study investigated the rewarding effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC in mice and whether Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC had any impact <i>ex-vivo</i> and <i>in-vitro</i> on NAT activity. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-six Swiss albinomice randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) completed a biased, 8-week Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice exhibiting ~80% preference for the black chamber at pre-conditioning were selected. Treatment groups were administered Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC (0.10, 0.50 or 2.0 mg/kg/mL, <i>ip</i>) or amphetamine (AMP, 5.0 mg/kg/mL, <i>ip</i>);while untreated groups (controls) received vehicle solutions (coconut oil or 0.9% saline). Entries and time spent in the white, drug-paired chamber during a 15-min post-conditioning exploration of the CPP apparatus were compared with the pre-conditioning exploratory scores. Livers from Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC treated and untreated mice were excised and NAT enzyme activity determined <i>ex-vivo</i> using a spectrophotometric assay with p-anisidine as substrate. The impact of varying concentrations of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC (0.00 - 162 μM) on the activities of NAT from untreated mice livers were also investigated <i>in-vitro</i>. <b>Results:</b> Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC treated mice entered and spent significantly more time in the drug-paired CPP chamber (p ≤ 0.05) at post-conditioning vs pre-conditioning (F = 11.22). Mice treated with 2.0 mg/kg Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC made significantly more entries into the drug-paired chamber (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with their vehicle controls. AMP-treated mice displayed significant (p < 0.001) increases in both entries and time spent in the drug-paired chamber at post-conditioning (positive place preference). <i>In-vitro</i> NAT evaluations revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory impact of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC on NAT activity with an IC50 value of 34
文摘<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. <b>Method:</b> Twenty-four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats with pre-conditioned preference for the black chamber of the CPP box were randomly divided into Cocaine (COC) or Saline (SAL) treated groups. Rats (n = 12) treated with cocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/kg/ml, <i>i.p.</i> (COC group) were confined individually to the white chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On alternate days, they were given 1 ml saline vehicle, <i>i.p.</i> and confined to the black chamber. Control rats (SAL group, n = 12) received only vehicle on all 8 days and were confined on alternate days to the white or black chamber. Positive place preference was confirmed for COC rats, which subsequently received 6 increasing daily doses of cocaine. CPP performances of both COC and SAL rats were recorded following an acute 3-day withdrawal period. All animals were then randomly assigned to rats fed either chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (COC-S and SAL-S) or standard rat chow (COC-N and SAL-N) for 8 weeks, followed by final CPP performances. <b>Results:</b> Following supplementation, COC-S rats made significantly less entries and time spent in the white chamber (p < 0.05) compared with COC-N rats. COC-S rats exhibited significant place aversion to the white chamber similar to drug-naive animals;whereas COC-N continued to show positive place preference. <b>Conclusion:</b> Drug-seeking behavior that persisted during cocaine withdrawal was significantly diminished in the nutritionally supplemented.
文摘<span><b><span style="font-family:"">Aim: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">Beneficial effects of<b> </b>virgin coconut oil (VCO) consumption to improve cognition <span>in menopausal females<sup> </sup>remain inconclusive. This study examined the effect of VCO supplementation in aging cycling and non-cycling rodents to assess its impact on cognition. <b>Methods:</b> Sprague-Dawley rats (10</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">18 months) were randomly assigned to a supplemented VCO group (SVCO) that received oral doses of 1.42 mL/kg/day VCO (n = 10) and a non-supplemented (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">NVCO) group (n = 10). Their performance in a biased Y-maze discriminative learning paradigm was assessed over a 16-week period. Rats were initially allowed 3 minutes to explore the maze (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">habituated</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">) and subsequently </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">pre-trained</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in the non-preferred, white chamber to associate the presentation of a tone with a treat (reward). </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">Training</span></i></span></span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span><span><spa
