Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of sp...Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of spent LiFePO_(4)power batteries have been scrapped and entered the recycling stage.Herein,a novel and efficient strategy is proposed to extract lithium from brine by directly reusing spent LiFePO_(4)powder without any treatment.Various electrochemical test results show that spent LiFePO_(4)electrode has appropriate lithium capacity(14.62 mg_(Li)/g_(LiFePO_(4))),excellent separation performance(α_(Li-Na)=210.5)and low energy consumption(0.768 Wh/g_(Li))in electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated brine.This work not only provides a novel idea for lithium extraction from brine,but also develops an effective strategy for recycling spent LIBs.The concept of from waste to wealth is of great significance to the development of recycling the spent batteries.展开更多
The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of...The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of retired LIBs and the serious shortage of lithium resources,in this work,the spent oxide cathode materials after simple treatment are directly applied to the sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and exhibit promising application possibilities in advanced SIBs.The spent oxide cathode shows an appropriate initial discharge capacity of 109 mAh·g^(-1)and exhibits transition and activation processes at a current density of 25 mA·g^(-1).Further,it demonstrates decent cycle performance and comparatively good electrode kinetics performance(the apparent ion diffusion coefficient at steady state is about 1×10^(-12)cm^(2)·s^(-1)).The"waste-towealth"concept of this work provides an economical and sustainable strategy for directly reusing the retired LIBs and supplies a large amount of raw material for the largescale application of SIBs.展开更多
AZ91/HA composite was prepared by AZ91 magnesium alloy and porous HA using squeeze casting method. The microstructure and mechanical property of the AZ91/HA composite were studied. The results show that the molten AZ9...AZ91/HA composite was prepared by AZ91 magnesium alloy and porous HA using squeeze casting method. The microstructure and mechanical property of the AZ91/HA composite were studied. The results show that the molten AZ91 alloy completely infiltrated the preform without destroying the porous structure of the HA preform. The compressive strength of AZ91/HA composite increased significantly compared with that of the porous HA. The immersion test indicated that AzgI ahoy shows a lower corrosion resistance and is easier to be corroded in comparison with HA.展开更多
Pseudowaves, known as burst-ion signals, which are different from plasma normal modes, exist frequently in ion- wave excitation experiments when launching the waves by applying a pulsed voltage to a negatively biased ...Pseudowaves, known as burst-ion signals, which are different from plasma normal modes, exist frequently in ion- wave excitation experiments when launching the waves by applying a pulsed voltage to a negatively biased grid. In previous experiments, only one kind of the pseudowave was observed. In this paper, we report the observation and identification of double pseudowaves in an ion-beam-plasma system. These pseudowaves originate from two ion groups： the burst of the beam ions and the burst of the background ions. It was observed that the burst of the background ions was in the case of high ion beam energy, while the burst of the beam ions was in the case of low ion beam energy. By observing the dependence of the signal velocities on the characteristics of the excitation voltage, these pseudowaves can be identified. It was also observed that the burst ion signal originating from the background ions can interact with slow beam mode and that originating from the beam ions can interact with fast beam mode.展开更多
Plasma normal modes in ion-beam–plasma systems were experimentally investigated previously only for the waves propagating in the downstream(along the beam)direction.In this paper,the ion wave excitation and propagati...Plasma normal modes in ion-beam–plasma systems were experimentally investigated previously only for the waves propagating in the downstream(along the beam)direction.In this paper,the ion wave excitation and propagation in the upstream(against the beam)direction in an ion-beam–plasma system were experimentally studied in a double plasma device.The waves were launched by applying a ramp voltage to a negatively biased excitation grid.Two kinds of wave signals were detected,one is a particle signal composed of burst ions and the other is an ion-acoustic signal arising from the background plasma.These signals were identified by the dependence of the signal velocities on the characteristics of the ramp voltage.The velocity of the burst ion signal increases with the decrease of the rise time and the increase of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the applied ramp voltage while that of the ion-acoustic signal is independent of these parameters.By adjusting these parameters such that the burst ion velocity approaches to the ion-acoustic velocity,the wave–particle interaction can be observed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173246,91963118,and 52102213)the Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(No.20200201066JC)。
文摘Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of spent LiFePO_(4)power batteries have been scrapped and entered the recycling stage.Herein,a novel and efficient strategy is proposed to extract lithium from brine by directly reusing spent LiFePO_(4)powder without any treatment.Various electrochemical test results show that spent LiFePO_(4)electrode has appropriate lithium capacity(14.62 mg_(Li)/g_(LiFePO_(4))),excellent separation performance(α_(Li-Na)=210.5)and low energy consumption(0.768 Wh/g_(Li))in electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated brine.This work not only provides a novel idea for lithium extraction from brine,but also develops an effective strategy for recycling spent LIBs.The concept of from waste to wealth is of great significance to the development of recycling the spent batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173246,91963118,52102213)the Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(No.20200201066JC)the Science and Engineering Research Board,a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology,Govt.of India,through Swarnajayanti Fellowship(No.SB/SJF/2020-21/12)。
文摘The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of retired LIBs and the serious shortage of lithium resources,in this work,the spent oxide cathode materials after simple treatment are directly applied to the sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and exhibit promising application possibilities in advanced SIBs.The spent oxide cathode shows an appropriate initial discharge capacity of 109 mAh·g^(-1)and exhibits transition and activation processes at a current density of 25 mA·g^(-1).Further,it demonstrates decent cycle performance and comparatively good electrode kinetics performance(the apparent ion diffusion coefficient at steady state is about 1×10^(-12)cm^(2)·s^(-1)).The"waste-towealth"concept of this work provides an economical and sustainable strategy for directly reusing the retired LIBs and supplies a large amount of raw material for the largescale application of SIBs.
基金supported by the Medicine-Engineering Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Grants No.YG2014MS41)
文摘AZ91/HA composite was prepared by AZ91 magnesium alloy and porous HA using squeeze casting method. The microstructure and mechanical property of the AZ91/HA composite were studied. The results show that the molten AZ91 alloy completely infiltrated the preform without destroying the porous structure of the HA preform. The compressive strength of AZ91/HA composite increased significantly compared with that of the porous HA. The immersion test indicated that AzgI ahoy shows a lower corrosion resistance and is easier to be corroded in comparison with HA.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575183 and 11705201)
文摘Pseudowaves, known as burst-ion signals, which are different from plasma normal modes, exist frequently in ion- wave excitation experiments when launching the waves by applying a pulsed voltage to a negatively biased grid. In previous experiments, only one kind of the pseudowave was observed. In this paper, we report the observation and identification of double pseudowaves in an ion-beam-plasma system. These pseudowaves originate from two ion groups： the burst of the beam ions and the burst of the background ions. It was observed that the burst of the background ions was in the case of high ion beam energy, while the burst of the beam ions was in the case of low ion beam energy. By observing the dependence of the signal velocities on the characteristics of the excitation voltage, these pseudowaves can be identified. It was also observed that the burst ion signal originating from the background ions can interact with slow beam mode and that originating from the beam ions can interact with fast beam mode.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575183 and 11705201)
文摘Plasma normal modes in ion-beam–plasma systems were experimentally investigated previously only for the waves propagating in the downstream(along the beam)direction.In this paper,the ion wave excitation and propagation in the upstream(against the beam)direction in an ion-beam–plasma system were experimentally studied in a double plasma device.The waves were launched by applying a ramp voltage to a negatively biased excitation grid.Two kinds of wave signals were detected,one is a particle signal composed of burst ions and the other is an ion-acoustic signal arising from the background plasma.These signals were identified by the dependence of the signal velocities on the characteristics of the ramp voltage.The velocity of the burst ion signal increases with the decrease of the rise time and the increase of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the applied ramp voltage while that of the ion-acoustic signal is independent of these parameters.By adjusting these parameters such that the burst ion velocity approaches to the ion-acoustic velocity,the wave–particle interaction can be observed.
