背景与目的:恶性肿瘤严重威胁着居民健康,已成为重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述和分析2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征。方法:根据上海市恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,按地区、性别分层,分别计算恶性肿瘤...背景与目的:恶性肿瘤严重威胁着居民健康,已成为重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述和分析2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征。方法:根据上海市恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,按地区、性别分层,分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等,并应用Joinpoint统计软件分析2002—2015年上海市肺癌发病和死亡趋势,估算总体和分阶段的年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)。采用Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成计算标化率。结果:2015年上海市共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例71 610例,死亡病例38 445例。病理学诊断比例(percentage of morphologically verified cases,MV%)为78.42%,只有死亡医学证明书比例(percentage of death certifications only,DCO%)为0.21%,死亡发病比(mortality to incidence ratio,M/I)为0.55。上海市恶性肿瘤粗发病率为497.33/10万,标化发病率为228.82/10万,男性标化发病率低于女性,市区低于郊区。恶性肿瘤发病在40岁以后快速上升,在80～84岁年龄组达到高峰。全市发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤以及膀胱癌,前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤发病的76.59%。全市恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为267.00/10万,标化死亡率为95.99/10万,男性标化死亡率高于女性,市区和郊区基本持平。死亡率在45岁以后快速上升,在≥85岁年龄组达到高峰。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌以及脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤,前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的78.07%。截至2016年12月31日,上海市共有399 027例现患肿瘤病例,现患率为2.77%。市区现患率为3.07%,郊区为2.55%。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤,占15.33%�展开更多
以互联互动为特征的区域综合能源系统(district-level integrated energy system,DIES)对建设清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系至关重要。首先,从互联和互动两个维度,分别分析多能流耦合、多系统融合、多区域联合的互联形态和多环节、...以互联互动为特征的区域综合能源系统(district-level integrated energy system,DIES)对建设清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系至关重要。首先,从互联和互动两个维度,分别分析多能流耦合、多系统融合、多区域联合的互联形态和多环节、多主体、多时间尺度的互动机制对DIES的影响;然后,梳理DIES能源站和能源网络建模方法,抽象出能量转换与流动的本质特征;在此基础上,建立考虑互联互动的DIES规划基础模型,对比分析不同场景下能源站规划、能源网络规划和站网联合规划的目标函数与约束条件、不确定性因素处理方式和模型求解方法;最后,对考虑互联互动的DIES规划未来可能的发展方向进行展望。展开更多
Background No-reflow after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） is related to the severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ...Background No-reflow after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） is related to the severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine, on no-reflow and the infarction area after emergency PCI for STEMI.Methods A total of 219 patients （female 31, 14%） undergoing emergency PCI for STEMI from nine clinical centers were consecutively enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial from January 2007 to May 2009. All patients were randomly divided into Tongxinluo group （n=108） and control group （n=111）, given Tongxinluo or placebo in loading dose 2.08 g respectively before emergency PCI with asprin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg together, then 1.04 g three times daily for six months after PCI. The ST segment elevation was recorded by electrocardiogram at hospitalization and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after coronary balloon dilation to evaluate the myocardial no-flow; myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments were evaluated on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI with static single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） to determine the infarct area.Results There was no statistical significance in sex, age, past history, chest pain, onset-to-reperfusion time, Killip classification, TIMI flow grade just before and after PCI, either in the medication treatment during the follow up such as statin, β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） or angiotensin receptor blocker （ARB） between two groups. There was significant ST segment restoration in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group at 6 hours （（-0.22±0.18） mV vs. （-0.18±0.16） mV, P=0.0394）, 12 hours （（-0.24 ± 0.18） mV vs. （-0.18±0.15） mV, P=0.0158） and 24 hours （（-0.27±0.16） mV vs. （-0.20±0.16） mV, P=0.0021） reperfusion; and the incidence of myocardial no-reflow was also reduced significantly at 24-hour rep展开更多
Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of eme...Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.展开更多
Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological e...Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological events,the REE enrichment mechanism and genesis of this giant deposit still remains intense debated.The deposit is hosted in the massive dolomite,and nearly one hundred carbonatite dykes occur in the vicinity of the deposit.The carbonatite dykes can be divided into three types from early to late：dolomite,co-existing dolomite-calcite and calcite type,corresponding to different evolutionary stages of carbonatite magmatism based on the REE and trace element data.The latter always has higher REE content.The origin of the ore-hosting dolomite at Bayan Obo has been addressed in various models,ranging from a normal sedimentary carbonate rocks to volcano-sedimentary sequence,and a large carbonatitic intrusion.More geochemical evidences show that the coarse-grained dolomite represents a Mesoproterozoic carbonatite pluton and the fine-grained dolomite resulted from the extensive REE mineralization and modification of the coarse-grained variety.The ore bodies,distributed along an E-W striking belt,occur as large lenses and underwent more intense fluoritization and fenitization.The first episode mineralization is characterized by disseminated mineralization in the dolomite.The second or main-episode is banded and/or massive mineralization,cut by the third episode consisting of aegirinerich veins.Various dating methods gave different mineralization ages at Bayan Obo,resulting in long and hot debates.Compilation of available data suggests that the mineralization is rather variable with two peaks at～1400 and 440 Ma.The early mineralization peak closes in time to the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes.A significant thermal event at ca.440 Ma resulted in the formation of late-stage veins with coarse crystals of REE minerals.Fluids involving in the REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be REE-F-C02-NaCI-H展开更多
Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitabl...Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper展开更多
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of berberine inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in a diabetic rat model.METHODS: The 40 rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was selected as the normal...AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of berberine inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in a diabetic rat model.METHODS: The 40 rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was selected as the normal group. In the remaining groups(n = 8 each), the rats were fed on a high-fat diet for 1 mo and received intravenous injection of streptozotocin for induction of the diabetic models. Berberine(156 mg/kg per day)(berberine group) or metformin(184 mg/kg per day)(metformin group) was intragastrically administered to the diabetic rats and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside(AICAR)(0.5 mg/kg per day)(AICAR group) was subcutaneously injected to the diabetic rats for 12 wk. The remaining eight diabetic rats served as the model group. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were tested.The expressions of proteins were examined by western blotting. The nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcription co-activator(TORC)2 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Berberine improved impaired glucose tolerance and decreased plasma hyperlipidemia. Moreover, berberine decreased fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). Berberine upregulated protein expression of liver kinase(LK)B1, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK). The level of phophorylated TORC2(p-TORC2) protein in the cytoplasm was higher in the berberine group than in the model group, and no significant difference in total TORC2 protein level was observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that more TORC2 was localized in the cytoplasm of the berberine group than in the model group. Moreover, berberine treatment downregulated protein expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) in the liver tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that berberine inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis via the regulation of the LKB1-AMPK-TORC2 signaling pathway.展开更多
AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） syst...AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index （CTSI）. The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS： We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS： We classified 85 patients （79%） as having mild AP （CTSI 〈5） and 22 patients （21%） as having severe AP （CTSI ≥5）. In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 （20%） patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI 〈5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI 〈5, respectively. CONCLUSION： CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which galangin,a polyphenolic compound derived from medicinal herbs,induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells.METHODS:The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-t...AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which galangin,a polyphenolic compound derived from medicinal herbs,induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells.METHODS:The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure cell viability.Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 and was then detected by fluorescence microscopy.Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting.To confirm the apoptotic pathway mediated by galangin,cells were transfected by bcl-2 gene to overexpress Bcl-2 or siRNA to down-regulate Bcl-2 expression.RESULTS:Galangin(46.25-370.0 μmol/L) exerted an anti-proliferative effect,induced apoptosis,and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose and time-dependent manner.Treatment with galangin induced apoptosis by translocating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to the mitochondria,which released apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c into the cytosol.Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated galangin-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis,while decreasing Bcl-2 expression enhanced galangin-induced cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Our data suggests that galangin mediates apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway,and may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of HCC.展开更多
文摘背景与目的:恶性肿瘤严重威胁着居民健康,已成为重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述和分析2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征。方法:根据上海市恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,按地区、性别分层,分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等,并应用Joinpoint统计软件分析2002—2015年上海市肺癌发病和死亡趋势,估算总体和分阶段的年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)。采用Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成计算标化率。结果:2015年上海市共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例71 610例,死亡病例38 445例。病理学诊断比例(percentage of morphologically verified cases,MV%)为78.42%,只有死亡医学证明书比例(percentage of death certifications only,DCO%)为0.21%,死亡发病比(mortality to incidence ratio,M/I)为0.55。上海市恶性肿瘤粗发病率为497.33/10万,标化发病率为228.82/10万,男性标化发病率低于女性,市区低于郊区。恶性肿瘤发病在40岁以后快速上升,在80～84岁年龄组达到高峰。全市发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤以及膀胱癌,前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤发病的76.59%。全市恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为267.00/10万,标化死亡率为95.99/10万,男性标化死亡率高于女性,市区和郊区基本持平。死亡率在45岁以后快速上升,在≥85岁年龄组达到高峰。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌以及脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤,前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的78.07%。截至2016年12月31日,上海市共有399 027例现患肿瘤病例,现患率为2.77%。市区现患率为3.07%,郊区为2.55%。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤,占15.33%�
文摘以互联互动为特征的区域综合能源系统(district-level integrated energy system,DIES)对建设清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系至关重要。首先,从互联和互动两个维度,分别分析多能流耦合、多系统融合、多区域联合的互联形态和多环节、多主体、多时间尺度的互动机制对DIES的影响;然后,梳理DIES能源站和能源网络建模方法,抽象出能量转换与流动的本质特征;在此基础上,建立考虑互联互动的DIES规划基础模型,对比分析不同场景下能源站规划、能源网络规划和站网联合规划的目标函数与约束条件、不确定性因素处理方式和模型求解方法;最后,对考虑互联互动的DIES规划未来可能的发展方向进行展望。
文摘Background No-reflow after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） is related to the severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine, on no-reflow and the infarction area after emergency PCI for STEMI.Methods A total of 219 patients （female 31, 14%） undergoing emergency PCI for STEMI from nine clinical centers were consecutively enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial from January 2007 to May 2009. All patients were randomly divided into Tongxinluo group （n=108） and control group （n=111）, given Tongxinluo or placebo in loading dose 2.08 g respectively before emergency PCI with asprin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg together, then 1.04 g three times daily for six months after PCI. The ST segment elevation was recorded by electrocardiogram at hospitalization and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after coronary balloon dilation to evaluate the myocardial no-flow; myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments were evaluated on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI with static single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） to determine the infarct area.Results There was no statistical significance in sex, age, past history, chest pain, onset-to-reperfusion time, Killip classification, TIMI flow grade just before and after PCI, either in the medication treatment during the follow up such as statin, β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） or angiotensin receptor blocker （ARB） between two groups. There was significant ST segment restoration in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group at 6 hours （（-0.22±0.18） mV vs. （-0.18±0.16） mV, P=0.0394）, 12 hours （（-0.24 ± 0.18） mV vs. （-0.18±0.15） mV, P=0.0158） and 24 hours （（-0.27±0.16） mV vs. （-0.20±0.16） mV, P=0.0021） reperfusion; and the incidence of myocardial no-reflow was also reduced significantly at 24-hour rep
文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.
基金financed by Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2012CB416605)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41372099)
文摘Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological events,the REE enrichment mechanism and genesis of this giant deposit still remains intense debated.The deposit is hosted in the massive dolomite,and nearly one hundred carbonatite dykes occur in the vicinity of the deposit.The carbonatite dykes can be divided into three types from early to late：dolomite,co-existing dolomite-calcite and calcite type,corresponding to different evolutionary stages of carbonatite magmatism based on the REE and trace element data.The latter always has higher REE content.The origin of the ore-hosting dolomite at Bayan Obo has been addressed in various models,ranging from a normal sedimentary carbonate rocks to volcano-sedimentary sequence,and a large carbonatitic intrusion.More geochemical evidences show that the coarse-grained dolomite represents a Mesoproterozoic carbonatite pluton and the fine-grained dolomite resulted from the extensive REE mineralization and modification of the coarse-grained variety.The ore bodies,distributed along an E-W striking belt,occur as large lenses and underwent more intense fluoritization and fenitization.The first episode mineralization is characterized by disseminated mineralization in the dolomite.The second or main-episode is banded and/or massive mineralization,cut by the third episode consisting of aegirinerich veins.Various dating methods gave different mineralization ages at Bayan Obo,resulting in long and hot debates.Compilation of available data suggests that the mineralization is rather variable with two peaks at～1400 and 440 Ma.The early mineralization peak closes in time to the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes.A significant thermal event at ca.440 Ma resulted in the formation of late-stage veins with coarse crystals of REE minerals.Fluids involving in the REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be REE-F-C02-NaCI-H
基金This study is supported by the offshore NGH production test projects under the Marine Geological Survey Program initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20190226,DD20190218)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730528,51991365)。
文摘Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973836
文摘AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of berberine inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in a diabetic rat model.METHODS: The 40 rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was selected as the normal group. In the remaining groups(n = 8 each), the rats were fed on a high-fat diet for 1 mo and received intravenous injection of streptozotocin for induction of the diabetic models. Berberine(156 mg/kg per day)(berberine group) or metformin(184 mg/kg per day)(metformin group) was intragastrically administered to the diabetic rats and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside(AICAR)(0.5 mg/kg per day)(AICAR group) was subcutaneously injected to the diabetic rats for 12 wk. The remaining eight diabetic rats served as the model group. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were tested.The expressions of proteins were examined by western blotting. The nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcription co-activator(TORC)2 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Berberine improved impaired glucose tolerance and decreased plasma hyperlipidemia. Moreover, berberine decreased fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). Berberine upregulated protein expression of liver kinase(LK)B1, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK). The level of phophorylated TORC2(p-TORC2) protein in the cytoplasm was higher in the berberine group than in the model group, and no significant difference in total TORC2 protein level was observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that more TORC2 was localized in the cytoplasm of the berberine group than in the model group. Moreover, berberine treatment downregulated protein expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) in the liver tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that berberine inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis via the regulation of the LKB1-AMPK-TORC2 signaling pathway.
文摘AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index （CTSI）. The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS： We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS： We classified 85 patients （79%） as having mild AP （CTSI 〈5） and 22 patients （21%） as having severe AP （CTSI ≥5）. In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 （20%） patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI 〈5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI 〈5, respectively. CONCLUSION： CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.
基金Supported by The administration of traditional Chinese medicine of Guangdong province,China,No.1050047
文摘AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which galangin,a polyphenolic compound derived from medicinal herbs,induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells.METHODS:The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure cell viability.Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 and was then detected by fluorescence microscopy.Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting.To confirm the apoptotic pathway mediated by galangin,cells were transfected by bcl-2 gene to overexpress Bcl-2 or siRNA to down-regulate Bcl-2 expression.RESULTS:Galangin(46.25-370.0 μmol/L) exerted an anti-proliferative effect,induced apoptosis,and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose and time-dependent manner.Treatment with galangin induced apoptosis by translocating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to the mitochondria,which released apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c into the cytosol.Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated galangin-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis,while decreasing Bcl-2 expression enhanced galangin-induced cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Our data suggests that galangin mediates apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway,and may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of HCC.
