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Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities 被引量:97
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作者 kyle J Napier Mary Scheerer Subhasis Misra 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第5期112-120,共9页
Esophageal cancer is a serious malignancy with regards to mortality and prognosis. It is a growing health concern that is expected to increase in incidence over the next 10 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most c... Esophageal cancer is a serious malignancy with regards to mortality and prognosis. It is a growing health concern that is expected to increase in incidence over the next 10 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing nations. With the increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity in developed nations, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has dramatically increased in the past 40 years. Esophageal cancer is staged according to the widely accepted TNM system. Staging plays an integral part in guiding stage specific treatment protocols and has a great impact on overall survival. Common imaging modalities used in staging include computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography scans. Current treatment options include multimodality therapy mainstaysof current treatment include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Tumor markers of esophageal cancer are an advancing area of research that could potentially lead to earlier diagnosis as well as playing a part in assessing tumor response to therapy. 展开更多
关键词 Esophageal cancer Esophageal cancer staging Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Esophageal adenocarcinoma SURGERY
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新疆雪豹种群密度监测方法探讨 被引量:33
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作者 马鸣 徐峰 +3 位作者 Bariushaa Munkhtsog 吴逸群 Tomas McCarthy kyle McCarthy 《生态与农村环境学报》 CAS CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2011年第1期79-83,共5页
2004—2010年间,前后累计270多天,新疆雪豹研究小组在新疆北塔山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、天山东部和托木尔峰地区20多个地点(山谷),对雪豹(Uncia uncia)的痕迹进行了全面调查,共计完成150多条样线,总长度接近190 km,痕迹数平均为1~3个.... 2004—2010年间,前后累计270多天,新疆雪豹研究小组在新疆北塔山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、天山东部和托木尔峰地区20多个地点(山谷),对雪豹(Uncia uncia)的痕迹进行了全面调查,共计完成150多条样线,总长度接近190 km,痕迹数平均为1~3个.·km^-1。记录到的痕迹有粪团、嗅痕(气味标记)、足迹链、刨痕(刨坑)、爪痕、卧迹、毛发、尿迹、血迹、剩余食物(动物尸体)和吼声等。通过痕迹学的分析,初步掌握雪豹的领域范围、分布规律和相对密度。之后开展了红外相机拍摄、雪豹食物资源普查、市场毛皮调查、贸易通道调查、杀戮案件搜集、民间问卷调查、非政府组织(NGO)社区服务与牧业冲突调研等工作。同期布设红外相机36台,约2 094个照相日,计50 256 h,回收胶卷71个,回收清晰雪豹照片32张,平均拍摄率或"捕获率"(capture rate)达1.53%。确定在托木尔峰250 km^2范围内有5~8只雪豹活动,密度为2.0~3.2只·(100 km^2)^-1。在比较分析各种监测结果的基础上,讨论了新疆雪豹种群密度不同监测方法的优点与局限性。 展开更多
关键词 雪豹 监测方法 痕迹 红外相机 相对密度
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Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer 被引量:22
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作者 kyle J Anderson Robert T Cormier Patricia M Scott 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2019年第38期5732-5772,共41页
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell.The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variet... In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell.The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer.In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and migration.Various members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPM8,TRPM7,TRPM6 and TRPM2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer.Voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells.The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples.Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression.Zn2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).More than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract.Several distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract.Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC,where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enha 展开更多
关键词 Ion channels GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER Colorectal CANCER Gastric CANCER Pancreatic CANCER ESOPHAGEAL CANCER Hepatocellular carcinoma PROGNOSTIC biomarker Novel THERAPIES Clinical targets
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Requirements for the transfer of lead-free piezoceramics into application 被引量:19
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作者 Jurij Koruza Andrew J.Bell +3 位作者 Till Fromling kyle G.Webber Ke Wang Jürgen Rodel 《Journal of Materiomics》 SCIE EI 2018年第1期13-26,共14页
The recent review for the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive(RoHS)by the expert committee,appointed by the European Union,stated that the replacement of PZT“…may be scientifically and technologically prac... The recent review for the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive(RoHS)by the expert committee,appointed by the European Union,stated that the replacement of PZT“…may be scientifically and technologically practical to a certain degree…”,although replacement“…is scientifically and technically still impractical in the majority of applications.”Thus,two decades of sustained research and development may be approaching fruition,at first limited to a minority of applications.Therefore,it is of paramount importance to assess the viability of lead-free piezoceramics over a broad range of application-relevant properties.These are identified and discussed in turn:1.Cost,2.Reproducibility,3.Mechanical and Thermal Properties,4.Electrical Conductivity,and 5.Lifetime.It is suggested that the worldwide efforts into the development of lead-free piezoceramics now require a broader perspective to bring the work to the next stage of development by supporting implementation into real devices.Guidelines about pertinent research requirements into a wide range of secondary properties,measurement techniques,and salient literature are provided. 展开更多
关键词 PIEZOCERAMICS FERROELECTRICS LEAD-FREE APPLICATION Actuators SENSORS
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Targeted therapeutics and novel signaling pathways in nonalcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH) 被引量:15
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作者 Xiaohan Xu kyle L.Poulsen +7 位作者 Ljuan Wu Shan Liu Tatsunori Miyata Qiaoling Song Qingda Wei Chenyang Zhao Chunhua Lin Jinbo Yang 《Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第9期3349-3387,共39页
Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH)has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.NASH,an advanced form of NAFL,can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and he... Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH)has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.NASH,an advanced form of NAFL,can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Currently,lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis.While there are stll limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH,growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets.In this review,we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets,as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents,with a focus on diabetes,hepatic lipid metabolism,inflammation,and fibrosis.Importantly,growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbederived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)act as a signaling mediator,resulting in lipid accumulation,macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation,further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH.Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH.Finally,other mechanisms,such as cell therapy and genetic approaches,also have enormous therapeutic potential.Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH. 展开更多
关键词 DRUGS INFLAMMATION METABOLISM
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Terrorist Networks, Network Energy and Node Removal: A New Measure of Centrality Based on Laplacian Energy 被引量:16
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作者 Xingqin Qi Robert D. Duval +6 位作者 kyle Christensen Edgar Fuller Arian Spahiu Qin Wu Yezhou Wu Wenliang Tang Cunquan Zhang 《Social Networking》 2013年第1期19-31,共13页
In this work we propose a centrality measure for networks, which we refer to as Laplacian centrality, that provides a general framework for the centrality of a vertex based on the idea that the importance (or centrali... In this work we propose a centrality measure for networks, which we refer to as Laplacian centrality, that provides a general framework for the centrality of a vertex based on the idea that the importance (or centrality) of a vertex is related to the ability of the network to respond to the deactivation or removal of that vertex from the network. In particular, the Laplacian centrality of a vertex is defined as the relative drop of Laplacian energy caused by the deactivation of this vertex. The Laplacian energy of network G with?n?vertices is defined as , where ?is the eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of G. Other dynamics based measures such as that of Masuda and Kori and PageRank compute the importance of a node by analyzing the way paths pass through a node while our measure captures this information as well as the way these paths are “redistributed” when the node is deleted. The validity and robustness of this new measure are illustrated on two different terrorist social network data sets and 84 networks in James Moody’s Add Health in school friendship nomination data, and is compared with other standard centrality measures. 展开更多
关键词 NETWORK CENTRALITY LAPLACIAN ENERGY 9/11 HIJACKING Bali BOMBING Terrorism
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Mutant KRAS as a critical determinant of the therapeutic response of colorectal cancer 被引量:15
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作者 kyle Knickelbein Lin Zhang 《Genes & Diseases》 SCIE 2015年第1期4-12,共9页
Mutations in the KRAS oncogene represent one of the most prevalent genetic alterations in colorectal cancer(CRC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the US.In addition to their well-characterized functi... Mutations in the KRAS oncogene represent one of the most prevalent genetic alterations in colorectal cancer(CRC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the US.In addition to their well-characterized function in driving tumor progression,KRAS mutations have been recognized as a critical determinant of the therapeutic response of CRC.Recent studies demonstrate that KRAS-mutant tumors are intrinsically insensitive to clinically-used epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)targeting antibodies,including cetuximab and panitumumab.Acquired resistance to the anti-EGFR therapy was found to be associated with enrichment of KRAS-mutant tumor cells.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of mutant-KRAS-mediated therapeutic resistance has remained unclear.Despite intensive efforts,directly targeting mutant KRAS has been largely unsuccessful.This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the biological function of KRAS mutations in determining the therapeutic response of CRC,highlighting several recently developed agents and strategies for targeting mutant KRAS,such as synthetic lethal interactions. 展开更多
关键词 Colorectal cancer EGFR KRAS Synthetic lethality Targeted therapy
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Mutation of the Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Protein CML37 Deregulates the Jasmonate Pathway and Enhances Susceptibility to Herbivory 被引量:11
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作者 Sandra S. Scholz Jyothilakshmi Vadassery +5 位作者 Monika Heyer Michael Reichelt kyle W. Bender Wayne A. Snedden Wilhelm Boland Axel Mithofer 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第12期1712-1726,共15页
Throughout their life, plants are challenged by various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Among those are attacks from herbivorous insects. The molecular mechanisms underlying the detection of herbivores and the subs... Throughout their life, plants are challenged by various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Among those are attacks from herbivorous insects. The molecular mechanisms underlying the detection of herbivores and the subsequent signal transduction are not well understood. As a second messenger, fluxes in intracellular Ca2+ levels play a key role in mediating stress response pathways. Ca2+ signals are decoded by Ca2+ sensor proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs). Here, we demonstrate that recombinant CML37 behaves like a Ca2+ sensor in vitro and, in Arabidopsis, AtCML37 is induced by mechanical wounding as well as by infestation with larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. Loss of function of CML37 led to a better feeding performance of larvae suggesting that CML37 is a positive defense regulator. No herbivory-induced changes in secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates or flavonoids were detected in cml37 plants, although a significant reduction in the accumulation of jasmonates was observed, due to reduced expression of JAR1 mRNA and cellular enzyme activity. Consequently, the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes was reduced as well. Summarizing, our results suggest that the Ca2+ sensor protein, CML37, functions as a positive regulator in Ca2+ signaling during herbivory, connecting Ca2+ and jasmonate signaling. 展开更多
关键词 HERBIVORY oral secretion JASMONATES cytosolic calcium calmodulin-like proteins.
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Gut microbiota and diabetes: From correlation to causality and mechanism 被引量:11
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作者 Wei-Zheng Li kyle Stirling +1 位作者 Jun-Jie Yang Lei Zhang 《World Journal of Diabetes》 SCIE CAS 2020年第7期293-308,共16页
In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a s... In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a significant negative impact to the health status of human populations.This review covers type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.We examine promising studies which lead to a better understanding of the potential mechanism of microbiota in diabetes diseases.It appears that the human oral and gut microbiota are deeply interdigitated with diabetes.It is that simple.Recent studies of the human microbiome are capturing the attention of scientists and healthcare practitioners worldwide by focusing on the interplay of gut microbiome and diabetes.These studies focus on the role and the potential impact of intestinal microflora in diabetes.We paint a clear picture of how strongly microbes are linked and associated,both positively and negatively,with the fundamental and essential parts of diabetes in humans.The microflora seems to have an endless capacity to impact and transform diabetes.We conclude that there is clear and growing evidence of a close relationship between the microbiota and diabetes and this is worthy of future investments and research efforts. 展开更多
关键词 DIABETES MICROBIOTA CAUSALITY MECHANISM Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Insulin resistance Inflammation METABOLITES
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The influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on the development of nephrolithiasis 被引量:10
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作者 Carter Boyd kyle Wood +1 位作者 Dustin Whitaker Dean G.Assimos 《Asian Journal of Urology》 2018年第4期215-222,共8页
The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing,afflicting 7%-11% of the United States population.Multiple systemic conditions,including obesity and diabetes,are also on the rise.Further,the literature has demons... The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing,afflicting 7%-11% of the United States population.Multiple systemic conditions,including obesity and diabetes,are also on the rise.Further,the literature has demonstrated a strong association between metabolic syndrome,its components,and kidney stone disease.In this article,we aim to review the associations of metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis,discussing the pathophysiology,urinary parameters,and clinical presentations.With this knowledge,urologists will have a more comprehensive understanding of this complex population of metabolic stone formers enabling improved patient management and treatment of stone disease. 展开更多
关键词 DIABETES Kidney stone Metabolic syndrome OBESITY OXALATE Uric acid UROLITHIASIS
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Patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea have lower disease-specific quality of life than irritable bowel syndrome-constipation 被引量:10
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作者 Prashant Singh kyle Staller +5 位作者 Kenneth Barshop Elaine Dai Jennifer Newman Sonia Yoon Shahar Castel Braden Kuo 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2015年第26期8103-8109,共7页
AIM: To determine effect of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) subtype on IBS-specific quality of life(QOL) questionnaire and its subscales.METHODS: We studied IBS patients visiting our functional gastroenterology disorder... AIM: To determine effect of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) subtype on IBS-specific quality of life(QOL) questionnaire and its subscales.METHODS: We studied IBS patients visiting our functional gastroenterology disorder clinic at a tertiary care center of Unites States.IBS and IBS subtype were diagnosed using Rome-Ⅲ questionnaire.QOL was assessed using IBS-QOL questionnaire.IBSQOL assesses quality of life along eight subscales: dysphoria,interference with activities,body image,health worry,food avoidance,social reactions,sexual health,and effect on relationships.IBS-QOL and its subscales were both scored on a range of 0-100 with higher scores suggestive of better QOL.Results of overall IBS-QOL scores and subscale scores are expressed as means with 95%CI.We compared mean IBS-QOL score and its subscales among various IBSsubtypes.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to compare the mean difference between more than two groups after controlling for age and gender.A posthoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was used only when P value for ANOVA was less than 0.05.RESULTS: Of 542 patients screened,243 had IBS as per Rome-Ⅲ criteria.IBS-mixed(IBS-M) was the most common IBS subtype(121 patients,49.8%) followed by IBS- diarrhea(IBS-D)(56 patients,23.1%),IBSconstipation(IBS-C)(54 patients,22.2%) and IBSunspecified(IBS-U)(12 patients,4.9%).Overall IBSQOL scores were significantly different among various IBS-subtypes(P = 0.01).IBS-QOL of patients with IBS-D(61.6,95%CI: 54.0-69.1) and IBS-M(63.0,95%CI: 58.1-68.0) was significantly lower than patients with IBS-C(74.5,95%CI: 66.9-82.1)(P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively).IBS-D patients scored significantly lower than IBS-C on food avoidance(45.0,95%CI: 34.8-55.2 vs 61.1,95%CI: 50.8-71.3,P = 0.04) and interference with activity(59.6,95%CI: 51.4-67.7 vs 82.3,95%CI: 74.1-90.6,P < 0.001).IBS-M patients had more interference in their activities(61.6,95%CI: 56.3-66.9 vs 82.3,95%CI: 74.1-90.6,P = 0.001) and greater impact on their relationships(73.3,95%CI: 68.4-78.2 vs 84.7,95%CI: 77.2 展开更多
关键词 IRRITABLE bowel syndrome IRRITABLE bowelsyndrome SUBTYPE QUALITY of LIFE IRRITABLE bowelsyndrome-quality of LIFE CONSTIPATION DIARRHEA
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砾性土液化评价方法的通用性和可靠性研究 被引量:7
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作者 曹振中 kyle M.Rollins +4 位作者 袁晓铭 T.Leslie Youd Michael Talbot Jashod Roy Sara Amoroso 《岩土工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第9期1628-1635,共8页
以2008年汶川地震液化震害调查资料为背景,基于操作性和经济性上具有显著优势的中国动力触探试验(DPT)而提出的砾性土液化评价方法,包括砾性土层液化触发条件以及判别公式(CYY公式),理论上已经得到国内外同行的认可,但其通用性和可靠性... 以2008年汶川地震液化震害调查资料为背景,基于操作性和经济性上具有显著优势的中国动力触探试验(DPT)而提出的砾性土液化评价方法,包括砾性土层液化触发条件以及判别公式(CYY公式),理论上已经得到国内外同行的认可,但其通用性和可靠性尚需检验。以5个国家29个历史地震砾性土场地中美联合勘测为基础,研究DPT技术、砾性土层液化触发条件和CYY公式在不同国家、不同地震和不同场地的适用性和可靠性问题,其中,成都平原14个砾性土场地的勘测与数据处理由中方完成,美国、意大利、新西兰、厄瓜多尔等15个砾性土场地的勘测与数据处理由美方Rollins教授主导完成,均为新的测试检验点。结果表明:中国动力触探标准探头在不同国家、不同砾性土场地上测试具有可行性,可以有效穿透20 m的砾性土场地,动探击数可作为砾性土液化评价的核心指标,同时亦可扩展到砾性土层的力学性能评价;不同国家、不同砾性土液化场地上,均存在不排水或排水不畅的埋藏条件,符合砾性土层液化触发条件要求;对动力触探击数进行锤击能量、有效上覆压力等修正后,CYY公式在不同国家、不同地震、不同砾性土液化场地的判别成功率约96%,具有较高可靠性。以2008年汶川地震砾性土液化为背景、以动力触探锤击数为基本指标的砾性土液化评价方法,具有国际通用的可行性。 展开更多
关键词 动力触探试验 砂砾土 触发条件 CYY公式 验证
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Emerging roles of GPR109A in regulation of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases and pain 被引量:5
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作者 kyle Taing Lawrence Chen Han-Rong Weng 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第4期763-768,共6页
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathological process of multiple neurological disorders and pathological pain conditions.GPR109A,a Gi protein-coupled receptor,has emerged as an important therapeutic tar... Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathological process of multiple neurological disorders and pathological pain conditions.GPR109A,a Gi protein-coupled receptor,has emerged as an important therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in various tissues and organs.In this review,we summarized current data about the role of GPR109A in neuroinflammation.Specifically,we focused on the pharmacological features of GPR109A and signaling pathways used by GPR109A to ameliorate neuroinflammation and symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,and pathological pain conditions. 展开更多
关键词 β-hydroxybutyrate cytokines HCAR2 LUPUS NEUROINFLAMMATION NEUROPATHIC NIACIN NOCICEPTION synaptic
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Under the surface:Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves,volcanic lightning,and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano 被引量:8
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作者 David A.Yuen Melissa A.Scruggs +11 位作者 Frank J.Spera Yingcai Zheng Hao Hu Stephen R.McNutt Glenn Thompson kyle Mandli Barry R.Keller Songqiao Shawn Wei Zhigang Peng Zili Zhou Francesco Mulargia Yuichiro Tanioka 《Earthquake Research Advances》 CSCD 2022年第3期1-13,共13页
We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and... We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached-at 58km-the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth’s atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasicontinuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient(wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous(~1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot,volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ~12 h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 km^(3) and~2 900 Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high freq 展开更多
关键词 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Atmospheric pressure wave Tsunami wave Volcanic lightning Phreatoplinian eruption
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流星进入的可变形不规则离散元分析方法
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作者 李姿雯 曾祥远 +2 位作者 kyle T.Alfriend 冯程帆 温童歌 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期305-320,共16页
流星进入地球大气层时会发生空中解体和爆炸,威胁地球局部区域乃至全球安全针对流星进入大气演化的超高速动力学仿真研究具有重要意义.为提高预报的精确性,应关注流星体内部结构和非均匀烧蚀等对演化过程和解体后碎片运动的影响。本文... 流星进入地球大气层时会发生空中解体和爆炸,威胁地球局部区域乃至全球安全针对流星进入大气演化的超高速动力学仿真研究具有重要意义.为提高预报的精确性,应关注流星体内部结构和非均匀烧蚀等对演化过程和解体后碎片运动的影响。本文提出了一种可变形不规则离散元方法,用于仿真分析流星进入大气层时轨迹和姿态变化、烧蚀、解体和爆轰等现象。利用多面体离散元模型可模拟不同结构的异质流星;通过拉伸多面体模型顶点,仿真流星的粗糙外形和烧蚀形变;利用Jones-Wilkins-Lee状态方程计算烧蚀产生的集中爆轰产物的压力.以Chelyabinsk流星事件中发生轨迹偏离的碎片为例,数值仿真集中爆轰产物的膨胀驱动作用对碎片运动方向和轨迹演化的影响.仿真结果表明,碎片弹出轨迹特征和烧蚀剩余质量均在观测值范围内,验证了新方法的有效性. 展开更多
关键词 地球大气层 多面体模型 离散元方法 离散元模型 爆轰产物 全球安全 空中解体 驱动作用
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布鲁斯博物馆美国格林威治
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作者 Noah Marble Vanessa Smith-Torres +6 位作者 kyle Digby Sam Levison Mark Thorburn Max Katz Guan Wang Tim Hursley(摄影) Michael Biondo(摄影) 《世界建筑导报》 2024年第1期63-67,共5页
布鲁斯博物馆是一家位于康涅狄格州格林威治的地区性文化机构,拥有多学科藏品和展览项目,将艺术、科学和自然历史融为一体。2014年,在一场全国性设计竞赛之后,布鲁斯博物馆踏上了振兴其园区的征程,以将该机构带入未来。竞赛结束后,设计... 布鲁斯博物馆是一家位于康涅狄格州格林威治的地区性文化机构,拥有多学科藏品和展览项目,将艺术、科学和自然历史融为一体。2014年,在一场全国性设计竞赛之后,布鲁斯博物馆踏上了振兴其园区的征程,以将该机构带入未来。竞赛结束后,设计团队领导了一项严格的初步规划研究,深入挖掘博物馆的需求,并为其作为社区资源的能力提供支持。 展开更多
关键词 布鲁斯 设计竞赛 康涅狄格州 社区资源 博物馆 展览项目 初步规划 格林威治
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Projected Changes in Extreme Event Indices for Alaska
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作者 John E. Walsh kyle Redilla +3 位作者 Norman Shippee Lukas Cheung David Bigelow Ronni Wilcock 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 2024年第2期191-209,共19页
As climate has warmed in recent decades, Alaska has experienced a variety of high-impact extreme events that include heat waves, wildfires, coastal storms and freezing rain. Because the warming is projected to continu... As climate has warmed in recent decades, Alaska has experienced a variety of high-impact extreme events that include heat waves, wildfires, coastal storms and freezing rain. Because the warming is projected to continue, it is essential to consider future changes when planning adaptation actions and building resilience. In this study, we synthesize information on future changes in extreme events in Alaska from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations performed as part of Arctic-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment). A set of 13 extreme event indices, based on those developed by the World Climate Research Programme’s Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), are evaluated from the Arctic-CORDEX output for Alaska. Of the 13 indices, six pertain to temperature, five to total precipitation, one to wind and one to snow. The results for locations in seven different climate zones of Alaska include large increases (5˚C - 10˚C) in the temperature thresholds for the five hottest and coldest days of the year, and large increases in warm spell duration and decreases in cold spell duration. Changes in the cold day temperature threshold are generally larger than the changes in the hot day temperature threshold, consistent with the projections of a stronger warming in winter than in summer in Alaska yearly maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation amounts as well as the yearly number of consecutive wet days are projected to increase at all locations. The indices for heavy snow days and high-wind days show mixed changes, although the results indicate increases in heavy snow days at the more northern locations and increases in windy days at coastal locations. The changes in the extreme event indices continue through 2100 under the higher-emission (RCP 8.5) emission scenario, while the changes generally stabilize under the lower-emission (RCP 4.5) scenario. . 展开更多
关键词 Extreme Events TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION Alaska Climate
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Periodic Addition of Glucose Suppressed Cyanobacterial Abundance in Additive Lake Water Samples during the Entire Bloom Season
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作者 David Linz Ian Struewing +6 位作者 Nathan Sienkiewicz Alan David Steinman Charlyn Gwen Partridge kyle McIntosh Joel Allen Jingrang Lu Stephen Vesper 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 CAS 2024年第2期140-155,共16页
Previously, we showed that prophylactic addition of glucose to Harsha Lake water samples could inhibit cyanobacteria growth, at least for a short period of time. The current study tested cyanobacterial control with gl... Previously, we showed that prophylactic addition of glucose to Harsha Lake water samples could inhibit cyanobacteria growth, at least for a short period of time. The current study tested cyanobacterial control with glucose for the entire Harsha Lake bloom season. Water samples (1000 ml) were collected weekly from Harsha Lake during the algal-bloom season starting June 9 and lasting until August 24, 2022. To each of two 7-liter polypropylene containers, 500 ml of Harsha Lake water was added, and the containers were placed in a controlled environment chamber. To one container labeled “Treated,” 0.15 g of glucose was added, and nothing was added to the container labeled “Control.” After that, three 25 ml samples from each container were collected and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing each week. Then 1000 ml of Harsha Lake water was newly collected each week, with 500 ml added to each container, along with the addition of 0.15 g glucose to the “Treated” container. Sequencing data were used to examine differences in the composition of bacterial communities between Treated and Control containers. Treatment with glucose altered the microbial communities by 1) reducing taxonomic diversity, 2) largely eliminating cyanobacterial taxa, and 3) increasing the relative abundance of subsets of non-cyanobacterial taxa (such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota). These effects were observed across time despite weekly inputs derived directly from Lake water. The addition of glucose to a container receiving weekly additions of Lake water suppressed the cyanobacterial populations during the entire summer bloom season. The glucose appears to stimulate the diversity of certain bacterial taxa at the expense of the cyanobacteria. 展开更多
关键词 GLUCOSE CYANOBACTERIA 16S Amplicon Sequencing Microbial Community
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Selecting suitable solid organ transplant donors: Reducing the risk of donor-transmitted infections 被引量:8
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作者 Christopher S Kovacs Jr Christine E Koval +10 位作者 David van Duin Amanda Guedes de Morais Blanca E Gonzalez Robin K Avery Steven D Mawhorter kyle D Brizendine Eric D Cober Cyndee Miranda Rabin K Shrestha Lucileia Teixeira Sherif B Mossad 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2014年第2期43-56,共14页
Selection of the appropriate donor is essential to a successful allograft recipient outcome for solid organ transplantation. Multiple infectious diseases have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient via trans... Selection of the appropriate donor is essential to a successful allograft recipient outcome for solid organ transplantation. Multiple infectious diseases have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient via transplantation. Donor-transmitted infections cause increased morbidity and mortality to the recipient. In recent years, a series of high-profile transmissions of infections have occurred in organ recipients prompt-ing increased attention on the process of improving the selection of an appropriate donor that balances the shortage of needed allografts with an approach that mitigates the risk of donor-transmitted infection to the recipient. Important advances focused on improving donor screening diagnostics, using previously excluded high-risk donors, and individualizing the selection of allografts to recipients based on their prior infection history are serving to increase the donor pool and improve outcomes after transplant. This article serves to review the relevant literature surrounding this topic and to provide a suggested approach to the selection of an appropriate solid organ transplant donor. 展开更多
关键词 DONOR selection INFECTION TRANSPLANTATION Mass screening Treatment OUTCOME
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Differential Expression of Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of Hibernating Little Brown Bats, Myotis lucifugus: A Model of Muscle Atrophy Resistance 被引量:8
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作者 Samantha F.Kornfeld kyle K.Biggar Kenneth B.Storey 《Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第5期295-301,共7页
Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recen... Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles for short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of 10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We then compared the expression of these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nificant, albeit modest (1.2-1.6 fold), increases in transcript expression were observed for eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of torpid bats. Conversely, expression of miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of miR-107 remained unaffected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to affect multiple muscle-specific factors, including myostatin, FoxO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of pectoral muscle mass and functionality during bat hibernation. 展开更多
关键词 MlicroRNA HIBERNATION Metabolic rate depression ATROPHY DICER MYOSTATIN
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