AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptoma...AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (SGER) in adults of Xi'an, a northwestern city of China, and to explore the potential risk factors of GERD. METHODS: Symptoms suggestive of GERD, functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), upper respiratory diseases and some potential risk factors were investigated in a face-to-face manner in a region-stratified random samples of 2 789 residents aged 18-70 years in Xi'an by using a standardized questionnaire. METHODS: With a response rate of 91.8%, the prevalence of SGER was 16.98% (95% CI, 14.2-18.92) in Xi'an adults, and no gender-related difference was observed (P<0.05). SGER was more common among subjects aged 30-70 years than in those aged 18-29 years (P<0.01). The prevalence of SGER in rural, urban and suburban subjects was 21.07%, 17.44% and 12.12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between rural, urban and suburban regions (P<0.05). Compared with subjects without SGER, the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic cough, wheeze, globus sensation, oral ulcer and snore was significantly increased in subjects with SGER (P<0.01). Heavy smoking (OR=5.76; CI, 3.70-6.67), heavy alcohol use (OR=2.85; CI, 1.67-4.49), peplJc ulcer (OR=5.76; CI, 3.99-8.32), cerebral palsy (OR=3.97; CI, 1.97-8.00), abdominal operation (OR=2.69; CI, 1.75-4.13), obesity(OR=2.16; CI, 1.47-3.16), excessive food intake (OR= 1.43;CI, 1.17-1.15), sweet food (OR=1.23; CI, 0.89-1.54), and consumption of coffee (OR= 1.23; CI, 0.17-2.00) were independently associated with SGER. The episodes of GERD were commonly precipitated by dietary factors (66.05%), followed by body posture (26.54%), ill temper (23.72%), fatigue (22.32%) and stress (10.93%). CONCLUSION: GERD is common in Xi'an's adult population 展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection to reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett's esophagus (BE)and gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM).METHODS:RE,BE and gastric IM were determined by upper en...AIM:To evaluate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection to reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett's esophagus (BE)and gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM).METHODS:RE,BE and gastric IM were determined by upper endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; those with squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) beyond gastroesophageal junction (GEJ)≥3cm (group A), and those with SCJ beyond GE.1 <3cm (group B). Biopsy specimens were obtainedend escopically from just below the SCJ, gastric antrum along the greater and lesser curvature. Pathological changes and Hpylorr infection were determined by HE staining, Alcian blue staining and Giemsa staining.RESULTS:The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was 46.93%.There was no difference in the prevalence between males and females.The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection decreased stepwise significantly from RE grade I to Ⅲ.There was no difference in the prevalence between the two groups, and between long-segment and short-segment BE. In distal stomach, prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was significantly higher in patients with IM than those without IM.CONCLUSION: There is a protective role of Hpyloriinfectuion to GERD. There may be no relationship between Hpylori infection of stomach and BE. Hpyloriinfection is associated with the development of IN in the distal stomach.展开更多
AIM:Estradiol treatment regulates estrogen receptor (ER) level in normal rat liver.However,little information is available concerning the role of estrogen in regulating liver ER in hepatic fibrosis in rats.The present...AIM:Estradiol treatment regulates estrogen receptor (ER) level in normal rat liver.However,little information is available concerning the role of estrogen in regulating liver ER in hepatic fibrosis in rats.The present study was conducted to determine whether estradiol treatment in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis of female and ovariectomized rats altered liver ERα and its mRNA expression,and to investigate the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Seventy female rats were divided into seven groups with ten rats in each. The ovariectomy groups were initiated with ovariectomies and the sham operation groups were initiated with just sham operations.The CCl4 toxic fibrosis groups received 400mL/L CCI4 subcutaneously at a dose of 2 mL/kg twice weekly.Estrogen groups were treated subcutaneously with estradiol 1mg/kg, the normal control group and an ovariectomy group received injection of peanut oil vehicle twice weekly.At the end of 8 weeks,all the rats were killed to detect their serum and hepatic indicators,their hepatic collagen content, and liver ER and ER mRNA expression.RESULTS: Estradiol treatment in both ovariectomy and sham ovariectomy groups reduced liver levels of ALT (from 658±220nkat/L to 311±146nkat/L and 540±252nkat/L to 314±163nkat/L,P<0.05) and AST (from 697±240nkat/L to 321±121nkat/L and 631±268nkat/L to 302±153nkat/L,P<0.05),increased serum nitric oxide (NO) level (from 53.7±17.1μmol/L to 93.3±4.2μmol/L and 55.3±3.1μmol/Lto 87.5±23.6μmol/L, P<0.05) and hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (from 1.73±0.71KU/g to 2.49±1.20KU/g and 1.65±0.46KU/g to 2.68±1.17KU/g, P<0.05),diminished the accumulation of hepatic collagen,decreased centrolobular necrotic areas as well as the inflammatory reaction in rats subjected to CCl4. The positive signal of ER and ER mRNA distributed in parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells,especially near the hepatic centrolobular and periportal areas.Ovariectomy decreased ER level (from 10.2±3.2 to 4.3±1.3) and ER mRNA expression (from 12.8±2.1 to 10.9±1.3) 展开更多
Deep learning has been the most popular feature learning method used for a variety of computer vision ap- plications in the past 3 years. Not surprisingly, this tech- nique, especially the convolutional neural networ...Deep learning has been the most popular feature learning method used for a variety of computer vision ap- plications in the past 3 years. Not surprisingly, this tech- nique, especially the convolutional neural networks （Con- vNets） structure, is exploited to identify the human actions, achieving great success. Most algorithms in existence directly adopt the basic ConvNets structure, which works pretty well in the ideal situation, e.g., under stable lighting conditions. However, its performance degrades significantly when the intra-variation in relation to image appearance occurs within the same category. To solve this problem, we propose a new method, integrating the semantically meaningful attributes into deep learning＇s hierarchical structure. Basically, the idea is to add simple yet effective attributes to the category level of ConvNets such that the attribute information is able to drive the learning procedure. The experimental results based on three popular action recognition databases show that the em- bedding of auxiliary multiple attributes into the deep learning framework improves the classification accuracy significantly.展开更多
On the basis of perennial monthly mean temperature and salinity data, the classification of monthly water masses at the surface and the bottom in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea, has been made b...On the basis of perennial monthly mean temperature and salinity data, the classification of monthly water masses at the surface and the bottom in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea, has been made by using the method of fuzzy cluster from the modified characteristic of water masses in the shallow water area. In this paper, the basic features, growth and decline patterns of water masses in relation to fishing grounds in the whole shelves of the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are discussed with emphasis.展开更多
AIM- To study the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Chinese and its correlation with gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: This study was carded out in a large prospective series of 391 patients who had undergone u...AIM- To study the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Chinese and its correlation with gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: This study was carded out in a large prospective series of 391 patients who had undergone upper endoscopy. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the position of squamocolumnar junction (SC3). Reflux esophagitis (RE) and its degree were recorded. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) in biopsy specimen was typed according to histochemistry and HE and alcian blue (pH2.5) staining separately. Results correlating with clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data were analysed. RESULTS: The prevalence of IM endoscopically appearing Long-segment Barrett's Esophagus (LSBE) was 26.53%, Short-segment Barrett's Esophagus (SSBE) was 33.85% and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) was 34.00%. IM increased with age of above 40 years old and no difference was found between male and female. Twelve were diagnosed as dysplasia (7 low -grade, 5 high-grade), 16 were diagnosed as cardiac adenocarcinoma and 1 as esophageal adenocarcinoma. The more far away the SCJ moved upward above GEJ, the higher the prevalence and the more severe the RE were. CONCLUSION: There was no difference of the prevalence of IM in different places of SCJ, and IM increased with age of above 40 years old. It is important to pay attention to dysplasia in the distal esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction, and adenocarcinoma is more common in cardia than in esophagus. BE is a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease.展开更多
AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA ...AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA retrotranscribed from an equal amount of mRNA from BE and CIM epithelial tissues was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence as probes. The mixed probe was hybridized with three pieces of BiostarH-40 s double dot human whole gene chip. The chips were scanned with a ScanArray 4000. The acquired images were analyzed using GenePix Pro 3.0 software.RESULTS: A total of 141 genes were screened out that exhibited different expression in all three chips. There were 74 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes in gene expression profiles of BE which were two times of that in CIM.CONCLUSION: There is a difference in gene expression level between BE and CIM epithelia. These 141 genes probably relate to the occurrence and development of BE and the progression to adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely u...Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal ch展开更多
Based on the data collected from the exploratory trawl fishing and environmental surveys in the western deep sea of the East China Sea in 1980￣1981, this paper shows the relationship between deepsea fish distribution...Based on the data collected from the exploratory trawl fishing and environmental surveys in the western deep sea of the East China Sea in 1980￣1981, this paper shows the relationship between deepsea fish distributions and oceanic conditions. The bottom environment is chiefly controlled by the Kuroshio and its branches. Generally, the temperature and salinity are high in the northwest and low in the southeast of the survey waters, though their seasonal variations are very small. The divepsity and stability of oceanic conditions lead to the complexity of the fish species and their distributions,and the distribution features have a close relationship with the vertical structure of the Kuroshio. In the case of different depths near the bottom, not only most of the fish species distributions are different but also the fish resource densities vary considerably. The concentrated areas of major spotes, such as yellow-fin filefish (Navodon xanthopterus) and deep-sea smelt (Glossanodon semifasciata)etc., spread in the upwelling waters from the Kuroshio with more abundant zooplankton. The new fishing ground of yellow-fin file fish has been exploited in recent years and other fishing grounds will be available there.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the significance of the composite score of reflux symptoms in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to determine the relationship of the composite score with reflux esophagitis ...AIM: To evaluate the significance of the composite score of reflux symptoms in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to determine the relationship of the composite score with reflux esophagitis (RE) and pathological gastroesophageal reflux (PGER). METHODS: Upper digestive endoscopy and/or 24-h esophageal pH monitoring were performed in 244 subjects. Of these, 54 were consecutive patients attending our clinic with symptoms suggestive of GERD, and 190 were randomly selected from 2532 respondents who participated in our previous general population-based study on GERD. A standardized questionnaire was used to classify both the frequency and severity of typical symptoms of GERD (heartburn, acid and food regurgitation) using a 4-score scale, and the composite score of main reflux symptoms (score index: SI, range from 0 to 18) were calculated for every subject. RE was diagnosed according to the Savary-Miller criteria. Subjects with abnormal pH-metry (DeMeester score more than 14.7) were considered to have PGER. GERD patients were defined as the subjects with RE and/or PGER. RESULTS: The sensitivity of SI in the diagnosis of GERD was inversely associated with SI, but the specificity tended to increase with increased SI. With the cut-off of 8, the SI achieved the highest accuracy of 70.0%, with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 69.2% in diagnosing GERD, followed by the cut-off of 3, which had an accuracy of 62.1%, a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 34.6%. The prevalence of RE, PGER and GERD was strongly associated with increased SI (P<0.01), but there was no significant association between the severity of RE and SI (P>0.05). Among patients with RE, 69.2% had PGER, and 30.8% were confirmed to have negative findings of pH monitoring. Among patients with PGER, 52.9% were identified to have RE and 47.1% had negative endscopic findings in esophagus. CONCLUSION: According to the composite score of main reflux symptoms, the diagnosis of GERD can be made without further tests in most case展开更多
Some optical probes based on light extinction have been developed to measure wetness dominated with fine droplets in steam turbine. However, coarse water droplets (hereafter referred to as CWD) that are the main cause...Some optical probes based on light extinction have been developed to measure wetness dominated with fine droplets in steam turbine. However, coarse water droplets (hereafter referred to as CWD) that are the main cause of erosion of blade and of wetness loss of steam turbine can’t be detected by the extinction probes because of its large size. In this paper, a new method - the light fluctuation method is presented that is capable of measuring the she of CWD. A new probe based on this method was developed for measuring the she of CWD as well as its velocity and concentration.展开更多
A structured perturbation analysis of the least squares problem is considered in this paper.The new error bound proves to be sharper than that for general perturbations. We apply the new error bound to study sensitivi...A structured perturbation analysis of the least squares problem is considered in this paper.The new error bound proves to be sharper than that for general perturbations. We apply the new error bound to study sensitivity of changing the knots for curve fitting of interest rate term structure by cubic spline.Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the sharpness of this bound.展开更多
In China, the total annual production of cultured Laminaria japonica reached half million tons in dry weight there few years. The routine sporeling culture technique conducted in the greenhouse took at least three and...In China, the total annual production of cultured Laminaria japonica reached half million tons in dry weight there few years. The routine sporeling culture technique conducted in the greenhouse took at least three and half months. In such a case, sometimes the sporelings died within a few days due to destructive diseases. In Order to overcome the mentioned problems, a new sporeling culture technique, the clone technique, is developed. The method includes three stead: (1) Gametophyte clone culture. The spores and the gametophytes are cloned in flasks under favorable environments. (2) Sporeling cul ture. Male and female clones are crushed and spread onto a frame to allow the gametophytes to attach to the substrata. The frames are cultured in tanks, and the sporophytes reach 1 cm in length within one and a half months. (3) Outgrowing of the plant. The frames are put in the open sea when seawater temperature decreased to 20℃. After one month, the sporelings are large enough to be transplanted. It is concluded that the clone technique has the following advantages: (1)Large amount of clones can be produced in a short period of time. (2) Clone seeding method makes it free from the biological rhythm, one can seed the plant anytime all the year round. (3) It takes only one and a half months to complete the process of sporeling cultivation in the greenhouse. At present, this technique is used in the breeding of new strains of Laminaria.展开更多
Background Individual differences have been detected in individuals with opioid use disorders(OUD)in rehabilitation following protracted abstinence.Recent studies suggested that prediction models were effective for in...Background Individual differences have been detected in individuals with opioid use disorders(OUD)in rehabilitation following protracted abstinence.Recent studies suggested that prediction models were effective for individual-level prognosis based on neuroimage data in substance use disorders(SUD).Aims This prospective cohort study aimed to assess neuroimaging biomarkers for individual response to protracted abstinence in opioid users using connectome-based predictive modelling(CPM).Methods One hundred and eight inpatients with OUD underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scans at baseline.The Heroin Craving Questionnaire(HCQ)was used to assess craving levels at baseline and at the 8-month follow-up of abstinence.CPM with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to identify baseline networks that could predict follow-up HCQ scores and changes in HCQ(HCQtolow V-up-HCQpa baseline).Then,the follow-up aseline predictive ability of identified networks was tested in a separate,heterogeneous sample of methamphetamine individuals who underwent MRI scanning before abstinence for SUD.Results CPM could predict craving changes induced by long-term abstinence,as shown by a significant correlation between predicted and actual HCQ fllow-up(r=0.417,p<0.001)and changes in HCQ(negative:r=0.334,p=0.002;positive:r=0.233,p=0.038).Identified craving-related prediction networks included the somato-motor network(SMN),salience network(SALN),default mode network(DMN),medial frontal network,visual network and auditory network.In addition,decreased connectivity of frontal-parietal network(FPN)-SMN,FPN-DMN and FPN-SALN and increased connectivity of subcortical network(SCN)-DMN,SCN-SALNandSCN-SMN were positively correlated with craving levels.Conclusions These findings highlight the potential applications of CPM to predict the craving level of individuals after protracted abstinence,as well as the generalisation ability;the identified brain networks might be the focus of innovative therapies in the future.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the difference of gene expression profiles between Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis induced by gastroduodenoesophageal reflux in rats.METHODS: Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were ...AIM: To investigate the difference of gene expression profiles between Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis induced by gastroduodenoesophageal reflux in rats.METHODS: Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were treated esophagoduodenostomy to produce gastroduodenoesophageal reflux, and another group received sham operation as control. Esophageal epithelial tissues were dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately for pathology 40 wk after surgery. The expression profiles of 4 096 genes in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus tissues were compared with normal esophageal epithelium by cDNA microarray.RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-eight genes in Barrett'sesophagus were more than three times different from those in normal esophageal epithelium, including 312 up regulated and 136 down-regulated genes. Two hundred and thirty-twogenes in RE were more than three times different from those in normal esophageal epithelium, 90up-regulated and 142 down-regulated genes. Compared to reflux esophagitis, there were 214 up-regulated and 142 down-regulated genes in Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSION: Esophageal epithelium exposed excessively to harmful ingredients of duodenal and gastric reflux can develop esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus gradually.The gene expression level is different between reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus and the differentially expressed genes might be related to the occurrence and development of Barrett's esophagus and the promotion or progression in adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Two families of Liapunov functions are employed to study the global stability and bound- edness of functional differential systems. New stability and boundedness theorems are obtained. Ap- plications of these theorems...Two families of Liapunov functions are employed to study the global stability and bound- edness of functional differential systems. New stability and boundedness theorems are obtained. Ap- plications of these theorems to some nonlinear differential systems with infinite delay are discussed.展开更多
Benzoic acid as a source of proton is widely used in the technology of manufacture of proton exchanged ( PE) waveguide .But the diffusing speed of proton is too fast to make the waveguide stable in the pure benzoic ac...Benzoic acid as a source of proton is widely used in the technology of manufacture of proton exchanged ( PE) waveguide .But the diffusing speed of proton is too fast to make the waveguide stable in the pure benzoic acid. The characteristic of waveguide is improved with mixture of benzoic acid and lithium benzoate .展开更多
In this work, the prerequisite and mode of electromagnetic response of Al nanof ilms to electromagnetic wave field was suggested. Reflectance, transmittance in infrared region and carrier density of the films was meas...In this work, the prerequisite and mode of electromagnetic response of Al nanof ilms to electromagnetic wave field was suggested. Reflectance, transmittance in infrared region and carrier density of the films was measured. With the carrier density of the films, the dependence of their plasma frequencies on the film thickness was obtained. On the other hand, the dependence of absorptance on the frequency of electromagnetic wave field was set up by using the measured reflectance and transmittance, which provided plasma frequency-film thickness relation as well. Similarity of both plasma frequency-film thickness relations proved plasma resonance as a mode of electromagnetic response in Al nanofilms.展开更多
This paper performs perturbation analysis for the exponential of an essentially nonnegative matrix which is perturbed in the way that each entry has a small relative perturbation. For a general essentially nonnegative...This paper performs perturbation analysis for the exponential of an essentially nonnegative matrix which is perturbed in the way that each entry has a small relative perturbation. For a general essentially nonnegative matrix, we obtain an upper bound for the relative error in 2-norm, which is sharper than the existing perturbation results. For a triangular essentially nonnegative matrix, we obtain an upper bound for the relative error in entrywise sense. This bound indicates that, if the spectral radius of an essentially nonnegative matrix is not large, then small entrywise relative perturbations cause small relative error in each entry of its exponential. Finally, we apply our perturbation results to the sensitivity analysis of RC networks and complementary distribution functions of phase-type distributions.展开更多
文摘AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (SGER) in adults of Xi'an, a northwestern city of China, and to explore the potential risk factors of GERD. METHODS: Symptoms suggestive of GERD, functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), upper respiratory diseases and some potential risk factors were investigated in a face-to-face manner in a region-stratified random samples of 2 789 residents aged 18-70 years in Xi'an by using a standardized questionnaire. METHODS: With a response rate of 91.8%, the prevalence of SGER was 16.98% (95% CI, 14.2-18.92) in Xi'an adults, and no gender-related difference was observed (P<0.05). SGER was more common among subjects aged 30-70 years than in those aged 18-29 years (P<0.01). The prevalence of SGER in rural, urban and suburban subjects was 21.07%, 17.44% and 12.12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between rural, urban and suburban regions (P<0.05). Compared with subjects without SGER, the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic cough, wheeze, globus sensation, oral ulcer and snore was significantly increased in subjects with SGER (P<0.01). Heavy smoking (OR=5.76; CI, 3.70-6.67), heavy alcohol use (OR=2.85; CI, 1.67-4.49), peplJc ulcer (OR=5.76; CI, 3.99-8.32), cerebral palsy (OR=3.97; CI, 1.97-8.00), abdominal operation (OR=2.69; CI, 1.75-4.13), obesity(OR=2.16; CI, 1.47-3.16), excessive food intake (OR= 1.43;CI, 1.17-1.15), sweet food (OR=1.23; CI, 0.89-1.54), and consumption of coffee (OR= 1.23; CI, 0.17-2.00) were independently associated with SGER. The episodes of GERD were commonly precipitated by dietary factors (66.05%), followed by body posture (26.54%), ill temper (23.72%), fatigue (22.32%) and stress (10.93%). CONCLUSION: GERD is common in Xi'an's adult population
文摘AIM:To evaluate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection to reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett's esophagus (BE)and gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM).METHODS:RE,BE and gastric IM were determined by upper endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; those with squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) beyond gastroesophageal junction (GEJ)≥3cm (group A), and those with SCJ beyond GE.1 <3cm (group B). Biopsy specimens were obtainedend escopically from just below the SCJ, gastric antrum along the greater and lesser curvature. Pathological changes and Hpylorr infection were determined by HE staining, Alcian blue staining and Giemsa staining.RESULTS:The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was 46.93%.There was no difference in the prevalence between males and females.The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection decreased stepwise significantly from RE grade I to Ⅲ.There was no difference in the prevalence between the two groups, and between long-segment and short-segment BE. In distal stomach, prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was significantly higher in patients with IM than those without IM.CONCLUSION: There is a protective role of Hpyloriinfectuion to GERD. There may be no relationship between Hpylori infection of stomach and BE. Hpyloriinfection is associated with the development of IN in the distal stomach.
基金Supported by the Doctorate Foundation ofXi'an Jiaotong University,No.2001-13
文摘AIM:Estradiol treatment regulates estrogen receptor (ER) level in normal rat liver.However,little information is available concerning the role of estrogen in regulating liver ER in hepatic fibrosis in rats.The present study was conducted to determine whether estradiol treatment in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis of female and ovariectomized rats altered liver ERα and its mRNA expression,and to investigate the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Seventy female rats were divided into seven groups with ten rats in each. The ovariectomy groups were initiated with ovariectomies and the sham operation groups were initiated with just sham operations.The CCl4 toxic fibrosis groups received 400mL/L CCI4 subcutaneously at a dose of 2 mL/kg twice weekly.Estrogen groups were treated subcutaneously with estradiol 1mg/kg, the normal control group and an ovariectomy group received injection of peanut oil vehicle twice weekly.At the end of 8 weeks,all the rats were killed to detect their serum and hepatic indicators,their hepatic collagen content, and liver ER and ER mRNA expression.RESULTS: Estradiol treatment in both ovariectomy and sham ovariectomy groups reduced liver levels of ALT (from 658±220nkat/L to 311±146nkat/L and 540±252nkat/L to 314±163nkat/L,P<0.05) and AST (from 697±240nkat/L to 321±121nkat/L and 631±268nkat/L to 302±153nkat/L,P<0.05),increased serum nitric oxide (NO) level (from 53.7±17.1μmol/L to 93.3±4.2μmol/L and 55.3±3.1μmol/Lto 87.5±23.6μmol/L, P<0.05) and hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (from 1.73±0.71KU/g to 2.49±1.20KU/g and 1.65±0.46KU/g to 2.68±1.17KU/g, P<0.05),diminished the accumulation of hepatic collagen,decreased centrolobular necrotic areas as well as the inflammatory reaction in rats subjected to CCl4. The positive signal of ER and ER mRNA distributed in parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells,especially near the hepatic centrolobular and periportal areas.Ovariectomy decreased ER level (from 10.2±3.2 to 4.3±1.3) and ER mRNA expression (from 12.8±2.1 to 10.9±1.3)
文摘Deep learning has been the most popular feature learning method used for a variety of computer vision ap- plications in the past 3 years. Not surprisingly, this tech- nique, especially the convolutional neural networks （Con- vNets） structure, is exploited to identify the human actions, achieving great success. Most algorithms in existence directly adopt the basic ConvNets structure, which works pretty well in the ideal situation, e.g., under stable lighting conditions. However, its performance degrades significantly when the intra-variation in relation to image appearance occurs within the same category. To solve this problem, we propose a new method, integrating the semantically meaningful attributes into deep learning＇s hierarchical structure. Basically, the idea is to add simple yet effective attributes to the category level of ConvNets such that the attribute information is able to drive the learning procedure. The experimental results based on three popular action recognition databases show that the em- bedding of auxiliary multiple attributes into the deep learning framework improves the classification accuracy significantly.
基金This subject is aided financially by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.
文摘On the basis of perennial monthly mean temperature and salinity data, the classification of monthly water masses at the surface and the bottom in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea, has been made by using the method of fuzzy cluster from the modified characteristic of water masses in the shallow water area. In this paper, the basic features, growth and decline patterns of water masses in relation to fishing grounds in the whole shelves of the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are discussed with emphasis.
文摘AIM- To study the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Chinese and its correlation with gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: This study was carded out in a large prospective series of 391 patients who had undergone upper endoscopy. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the position of squamocolumnar junction (SC3). Reflux esophagitis (RE) and its degree were recorded. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) in biopsy specimen was typed according to histochemistry and HE and alcian blue (pH2.5) staining separately. Results correlating with clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data were analysed. RESULTS: The prevalence of IM endoscopically appearing Long-segment Barrett's Esophagus (LSBE) was 26.53%, Short-segment Barrett's Esophagus (SSBE) was 33.85% and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) was 34.00%. IM increased with age of above 40 years old and no difference was found between male and female. Twelve were diagnosed as dysplasia (7 low -grade, 5 high-grade), 16 were diagnosed as cardiac adenocarcinoma and 1 as esophageal adenocarcinoma. The more far away the SCJ moved upward above GEJ, the higher the prevalence and the more severe the RE were. CONCLUSION: There was no difference of the prevalence of IM in different places of SCJ, and IM increased with age of above 40 years old. It is important to pay attention to dysplasia in the distal esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction, and adenocarcinoma is more common in cardia than in esophagus. BE is a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
基金Supported by the Clinical Principal Discipline Foundation of Public Health Ministry of China,No.20012130
文摘AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA retrotranscribed from an equal amount of mRNA from BE and CIM epithelial tissues was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence as probes. The mixed probe was hybridized with three pieces of BiostarH-40 s double dot human whole gene chip. The chips were scanned with a ScanArray 4000. The acquired images were analyzed using GenePix Pro 3.0 software.RESULTS: A total of 141 genes were screened out that exhibited different expression in all three chips. There were 74 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes in gene expression profiles of BE which were two times of that in CIM.CONCLUSION: There is a difference in gene expression level between BE and CIM epithelia. These 141 genes probably relate to the occurrence and development of BE and the progression to adenocarcinoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81671671(to JL),61971451(to JL),U22A2034(to XK),62177047(to XK)the National Defense Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Major Project of Central South University,No.2021gfcx05(to JL)+6 种基金Clinical Research Cen terfor Medical Imaging of Hunan Province,No.2020SK4001(to JL)Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection of Hu nan Province,No.2020SK3006(to JL)Innovative Special Construction Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2019SK2131(to JL)the Science and Technology lnnovation Program of Hunan Province,Nos.2021RC4016(to JL),2021SK53503(to ML)Scientific Research Program of Hunan Commission of Health,No.202209044797(to JL)Central South University Research Program of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,No.2023Q YJC020(to XK)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30814(to ML)。
文摘Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal ch
文摘Based on the data collected from the exploratory trawl fishing and environmental surveys in the western deep sea of the East China Sea in 1980￣1981, this paper shows the relationship between deepsea fish distributions and oceanic conditions. The bottom environment is chiefly controlled by the Kuroshio and its branches. Generally, the temperature and salinity are high in the northwest and low in the southeast of the survey waters, though their seasonal variations are very small. The divepsity and stability of oceanic conditions lead to the complexity of the fish species and their distributions,and the distribution features have a close relationship with the vertical structure of the Kuroshio. In the case of different depths near the bottom, not only most of the fish species distributions are different but also the fish resource densities vary considerably. The concentrated areas of major spotes, such as yellow-fin filefish (Navodon xanthopterus) and deep-sea smelt (Glossanodon semifasciata)etc., spread in the upwelling waters from the Kuroshio with more abundant zooplankton. The new fishing ground of yellow-fin file fish has been exploited in recent years and other fishing grounds will be available there.
基金Supported by Janssen Research Foundation of China (2001)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the significance of the composite score of reflux symptoms in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to determine the relationship of the composite score with reflux esophagitis (RE) and pathological gastroesophageal reflux (PGER). METHODS: Upper digestive endoscopy and/or 24-h esophageal pH monitoring were performed in 244 subjects. Of these, 54 were consecutive patients attending our clinic with symptoms suggestive of GERD, and 190 were randomly selected from 2532 respondents who participated in our previous general population-based study on GERD. A standardized questionnaire was used to classify both the frequency and severity of typical symptoms of GERD (heartburn, acid and food regurgitation) using a 4-score scale, and the composite score of main reflux symptoms (score index: SI, range from 0 to 18) were calculated for every subject. RE was diagnosed according to the Savary-Miller criteria. Subjects with abnormal pH-metry (DeMeester score more than 14.7) were considered to have PGER. GERD patients were defined as the subjects with RE and/or PGER. RESULTS: The sensitivity of SI in the diagnosis of GERD was inversely associated with SI, but the specificity tended to increase with increased SI. With the cut-off of 8, the SI achieved the highest accuracy of 70.0%, with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 69.2% in diagnosing GERD, followed by the cut-off of 3, which had an accuracy of 62.1%, a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 34.6%. The prevalence of RE, PGER and GERD was strongly associated with increased SI (P<0.01), but there was no significant association between the severity of RE and SI (P>0.05). Among patients with RE, 69.2% had PGER, and 30.8% were confirmed to have negative findings of pH monitoring. Among patients with PGER, 52.9% were identified to have RE and 47.1% had negative endscopic findings in esophagus. CONCLUSION: According to the composite score of main reflux symptoms, the diagnosis of GERD can be made without further tests in most case
文摘Some optical probes based on light extinction have been developed to measure wetness dominated with fine droplets in steam turbine. However, coarse water droplets (hereafter referred to as CWD) that are the main cause of erosion of blade and of wetness loss of steam turbine can’t be detected by the extinction probes because of its large size. In this paper, a new method - the light fluctuation method is presented that is capable of measuring the she of CWD. A new probe based on this method was developed for measuring the she of CWD as well as its velocity and concentration.
基金Funds for Major State The work of the second author is partly supported by the Special Basic Research Projects （2005CB321700）the National Science Foundation of China under grant No. 10571031The work of the third author is partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China under grant No. 10571031.
文摘A structured perturbation analysis of the least squares problem is considered in this paper.The new error bound proves to be sharper than that for general perturbations. We apply the new error bound to study sensitivity of changing the knots for curve fitting of interest rate term structure by cubic spline.Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the sharpness of this bound.
基金Key Project, the Ninth Five-Year Plan of China! 96-008-01-02-06Project of Bio-Engineering Center of China! SSTC 96-C01-05-01
文摘In China, the total annual production of cultured Laminaria japonica reached half million tons in dry weight there few years. The routine sporeling culture technique conducted in the greenhouse took at least three and half months. In such a case, sometimes the sporelings died within a few days due to destructive diseases. In Order to overcome the mentioned problems, a new sporeling culture technique, the clone technique, is developed. The method includes three stead: (1) Gametophyte clone culture. The spores and the gametophytes are cloned in flasks under favorable environments. (2) Sporeling cul ture. Male and female clones are crushed and spread onto a frame to allow the gametophytes to attach to the substrata. The frames are cultured in tanks, and the sporophytes reach 1 cm in length within one and a half months. (3) Outgrowing of the plant. The frames are put in the open sea when seawater temperature decreased to 20℃. After one month, the sporelings are large enough to be transplanted. It is concluded that the clone technique has the following advantages: (1)Large amount of clones can be produced in a short period of time. (2) Clone seeding method makes it free from the biological rhythm, one can seed the plant anytime all the year round. (3) It takes only one and a half months to complete the process of sporeling cultivation in the greenhouse. At present, this technique is used in the breeding of new strains of Laminaria.
文摘Background Individual differences have been detected in individuals with opioid use disorders(OUD)in rehabilitation following protracted abstinence.Recent studies suggested that prediction models were effective for individual-level prognosis based on neuroimage data in substance use disorders(SUD).Aims This prospective cohort study aimed to assess neuroimaging biomarkers for individual response to protracted abstinence in opioid users using connectome-based predictive modelling(CPM).Methods One hundred and eight inpatients with OUD underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scans at baseline.The Heroin Craving Questionnaire(HCQ)was used to assess craving levels at baseline and at the 8-month follow-up of abstinence.CPM with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to identify baseline networks that could predict follow-up HCQ scores and changes in HCQ(HCQtolow V-up-HCQpa baseline).Then,the follow-up aseline predictive ability of identified networks was tested in a separate,heterogeneous sample of methamphetamine individuals who underwent MRI scanning before abstinence for SUD.Results CPM could predict craving changes induced by long-term abstinence,as shown by a significant correlation between predicted and actual HCQ fllow-up(r=0.417,p<0.001)and changes in HCQ(negative:r=0.334,p=0.002;positive:r=0.233,p=0.038).Identified craving-related prediction networks included the somato-motor network(SMN),salience network(SALN),default mode network(DMN),medial frontal network,visual network and auditory network.In addition,decreased connectivity of frontal-parietal network(FPN)-SMN,FPN-DMN and FPN-SALN and increased connectivity of subcortical network(SCN)-DMN,SCN-SALNandSCN-SMN were positively correlated with craving levels.Conclusions These findings highlight the potential applications of CPM to predict the craving level of individuals after protracted abstinence,as well as the generalisation ability;the identified brain networks might be the focus of innovative therapies in the future.
基金Supported by Ministry of Health Clinical Subject Key Project, No. 20012130
文摘AIM: To investigate the difference of gene expression profiles between Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis induced by gastroduodenoesophageal reflux in rats.METHODS: Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were treated esophagoduodenostomy to produce gastroduodenoesophageal reflux, and another group received sham operation as control. Esophageal epithelial tissues were dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately for pathology 40 wk after surgery. The expression profiles of 4 096 genes in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus tissues were compared with normal esophageal epithelium by cDNA microarray.RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-eight genes in Barrett'sesophagus were more than three times different from those in normal esophageal epithelium, including 312 up regulated and 136 down-regulated genes. Two hundred and thirty-twogenes in RE were more than three times different from those in normal esophageal epithelium, 90up-regulated and 142 down-regulated genes. Compared to reflux esophagitis, there were 214 up-regulated and 142 down-regulated genes in Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSION: Esophageal epithelium exposed excessively to harmful ingredients of duodenal and gastric reflux can develop esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus gradually.The gene expression level is different between reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus and the differentially expressed genes might be related to the occurrence and development of Barrett's esophagus and the promotion or progression in adenocarcinoma.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China Under Grants 69871005
文摘Two families of Liapunov functions are employed to study the global stability and bound- edness of functional differential systems. New stability and boundedness theorems are obtained. Ap- plications of these theorems to some nonlinear differential systems with infinite delay are discussed.
基金This work is supported by science and technology bureau of Shanghai under the fundation of special project of Optical Science and Technology.
文摘Benzoic acid as a source of proton is widely used in the technology of manufacture of proton exchanged ( PE) waveguide .But the diffusing speed of proton is too fast to make the waveguide stable in the pure benzoic acid. The characteristic of waveguide is improved with mixture of benzoic acid and lithium benzoate .
文摘In this work, the prerequisite and mode of electromagnetic response of Al nanof ilms to electromagnetic wave field was suggested. Reflectance, transmittance in infrared region and carrier density of the films was measured. With the carrier density of the films, the dependence of their plasma frequencies on the film thickness was obtained. On the other hand, the dependence of absorptance on the frequency of electromagnetic wave field was set up by using the measured reflectance and transmittance, which provided plasma frequency-film thickness relation as well. Similarity of both plasma frequency-film thickness relations proved plasma resonance as a mode of electromagnetic response in Al nanofilms.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under grant number 10571031the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China and Shanghai Pujiang Program+1 种基金supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects (2005CB321700)the National Science Foundation of China under grant number 10571031
文摘This paper performs perturbation analysis for the exponential of an essentially nonnegative matrix which is perturbed in the way that each entry has a small relative perturbation. For a general essentially nonnegative matrix, we obtain an upper bound for the relative error in 2-norm, which is sharper than the existing perturbation results. For a triangular essentially nonnegative matrix, we obtain an upper bound for the relative error in entrywise sense. This bound indicates that, if the spectral radius of an essentially nonnegative matrix is not large, then small entrywise relative perturbations cause small relative error in each entry of its exponential. Finally, we apply our perturbation results to the sensitivity analysis of RC networks and complementary distribution functions of phase-type distributions.
