Identification,sorting,and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in-depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes.In this work,based on an artificial intel...Identification,sorting,and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in-depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes.In this work,based on an artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted object detection model for cell phenotype screening and a cross-interface contact method for single-cell exporting,we developed an automatic and index-based system called EasySort AUTO,where individual microbial cells are sorted and then packaged in a microdroplet and automatically exported in a precisely indexed,“One-Cell-One-Tube”manner.The target cell is automatically identified based on an AI-assisted object detection model and then mobilized via an optical tweezer for sorting.Then,a crossinterface contact microfluidic printing method that we developed enables the automated transfer of cells from the chip to the tube,which leads to coupling with subsequent single-cell culture or sequencing.The efficiency of the system for single-cell printing is>93%.The throughput of the system for single-cell printing is~120 cells/h.Moreover,>80%of single cells of both yeast and Escherichia coli are culturable,suggesting the superior preservation of cell viability during sorting.Finally,AI-assisted object detection supports automated sorting of target cells with high accuracy from mixed yeast samples,which was validated by downstream single-cell proliferation assays.The automation,index maintenance,and vitality preservation of EasySort AUTO suggest its excellent application potential for single-cell sorting.展开更多
By directly converting solar energy and carbon dioxide into biobased products,cyanobacteria are promising chassis for photosynthetic biosynthesis.To make cyanobacterial photosynthetic biosynthesis technology economica...By directly converting solar energy and carbon dioxide into biobased products,cyanobacteria are promising chassis for photosynthetic biosynthesis.To make cyanobacterial photosynthetic biosynthesis technology economically feasible on industrial scales,exploring and engineering cyanobacterial chassis and cell factories with fast growth rates and carbon fixation activities facing environmental stresses are of great significance.To simplify and accelerate the screening for fast-growing cyanobacteria strains,a method called Individual Cyanobacteria Vitality Tests and Screening(iCyanVS)was established.We show that the ^(13)C incorporation ratio of carotenoids can be used to measure differences in cell growth and carbon fixation rates in individual cyanobacterial cells of distinct genotypes that differ in growth rates in bulk cultivations,thus greatly accelerating the process screening for fastest-growing cells.The feasibility of this approach is further demonstrated by phenotypically and then genotypically identifying individual cyanobacterial cells with higher salt tolerance from an artificial mutant library via Raman-activated gravity-driven encapsulation and sequencing.Therefore,this method should find broad applications in growth rate or carbon intake rate based screening of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic cell factories.展开更多
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has posed great threats to global health and economy.Several effective vaccines are available now,but additional booster immunization is required to retain or increase...The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has posed great threats to global health and economy.Several effective vaccines are available now,but additional booster immunization is required to retain or increase the immune responses owing to waning immunity and the emergency of new variant strains.The deficiency of intramuscularly delivered vaccines to induce mucosal immunity urged the development of mucosal vaccines.Here,we developed an adjuvanted intranasal RBD vaccine and monitored its long-term immunogenicity against both wild-type and mutant strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARSCoV-2),including Omicron variants,in mice.Three-dose intranasal immunization with this vaccine induced and maintained high levels of neutralizing IgG antibodies in the sera for at least 1 year.Strong mucosal immunity was also provoked,including mucosal secretory IgA and lung-resident memory T cells(TRM).We also demonstrated that the long-term persistence of lung TRM cells is a consequence of local T-cell proliferation,rather than T-cell migration from lymph nodes.Our data suggested that the adjuvanted intranasal RBD vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate to establish robust,long-lasting,and broad protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 both systemically and locally.展开更多
Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)can capture and kill viruses,such as influenza viruses,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),thus contributing to host defense.Contrary to our expec...Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)can capture and kill viruses,such as influenza viruses,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),thus contributing to host defense.Contrary to our expectation,we show here that the histones released by NETosis enhance the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2,as found by using live SARS-CoV-2 and two pseudovirus systems as well as a mouse model.The histone H3 or H4 selectively binds to subunit 2 of the spike(S)protein,as shown by a biochemical binding assay,surface plasmon resonance and binding energy calculation as well as the construction of a mutant S protein by replacing four acidic amino acids.Sialic acid on the host cell surface is the key molecule to which histones bridge subunit 2 of the S protein.Moreover,histones enhance cell-cell fusion.Finally,treatment with an inhibitor of NETosis,histone H3 or H4,or sialic acid notably affected the levels of sgRNA copies and the number of apoptotic cells in a mouse model.These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could hijack histones from neutrophil NETosis to promote its host cell attachment and entry process and may be important in exploring pathogenesis and possible strategies to develop new effective therapies for COVID-19.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2101100).
文摘Identification,sorting,and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in-depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes.In this work,based on an artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted object detection model for cell phenotype screening and a cross-interface contact method for single-cell exporting,we developed an automatic and index-based system called EasySort AUTO,where individual microbial cells are sorted and then packaged in a microdroplet and automatically exported in a precisely indexed,“One-Cell-One-Tube”manner.The target cell is automatically identified based on an AI-assisted object detection model and then mobilized via an optical tweezer for sorting.Then,a crossinterface contact microfluidic printing method that we developed enables the automated transfer of cells from the chip to the tube,which leads to coupling with subsequent single-cell culture or sequencing.The efficiency of the system for single-cell printing is>93%.The throughput of the system for single-cell printing is~120 cells/h.Moreover,>80%of single cells of both yeast and Escherichia coli are culturable,suggesting the superior preservation of cell viability during sorting.Finally,AI-assisted object detection supports automated sorting of target cells with high accuracy from mixed yeast samples,which was validated by downstream single-cell proliferation assays.The automation,index maintenance,and vitality preservation of EasySort AUTO suggest its excellent application potential for single-cell sorting.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2021YFA0909700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 32070084,32270103,32271484,32300058)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(to Guodong Luan)Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant number SDCX-ZG-202202036)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant number 2021M703320)the Shandong Taishan Scholarship(to Xuefeng Lu,and to Guodong Luan).
文摘By directly converting solar energy and carbon dioxide into biobased products,cyanobacteria are promising chassis for photosynthetic biosynthesis.To make cyanobacterial photosynthetic biosynthesis technology economically feasible on industrial scales,exploring and engineering cyanobacterial chassis and cell factories with fast growth rates and carbon fixation activities facing environmental stresses are of great significance.To simplify and accelerate the screening for fast-growing cyanobacteria strains,a method called Individual Cyanobacteria Vitality Tests and Screening(iCyanVS)was established.We show that the ^(13)C incorporation ratio of carotenoids can be used to measure differences in cell growth and carbon fixation rates in individual cyanobacterial cells of distinct genotypes that differ in growth rates in bulk cultivations,thus greatly accelerating the process screening for fastest-growing cells.The feasibility of this approach is further demonstrated by phenotypically and then genotypically identifying individual cyanobacterial cells with higher salt tolerance from an artificial mutant library via Raman-activated gravity-driven encapsulation and sequencing.Therefore,this method should find broad applications in growth rate or carbon intake rate based screening of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic cell factories.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development(No.U19A2003)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(No.32122052).
文摘The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has posed great threats to global health and economy.Several effective vaccines are available now,but additional booster immunization is required to retain or increase the immune responses owing to waning immunity and the emergency of new variant strains.The deficiency of intramuscularly delivered vaccines to induce mucosal immunity urged the development of mucosal vaccines.Here,we developed an adjuvanted intranasal RBD vaccine and monitored its long-term immunogenicity against both wild-type and mutant strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARSCoV-2),including Omicron variants,in mice.Three-dose intranasal immunization with this vaccine induced and maintained high levels of neutralizing IgG antibodies in the sera for at least 1 year.Strong mucosal immunity was also provoked,including mucosal secretory IgA and lung-resident memory T cells(TRM).We also demonstrated that the long-term persistence of lung TRM cells is a consequence of local T-cell proliferation,rather than T-cell migration from lymph nodes.Our data suggested that the adjuvanted intranasal RBD vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate to establish robust,long-lasting,and broad protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 both systemically and locally.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars (32122052)National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development (No.U19A2003).
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)can capture and kill viruses,such as influenza viruses,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),thus contributing to host defense.Contrary to our expectation,we show here that the histones released by NETosis enhance the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2,as found by using live SARS-CoV-2 and two pseudovirus systems as well as a mouse model.The histone H3 or H4 selectively binds to subunit 2 of the spike(S)protein,as shown by a biochemical binding assay,surface plasmon resonance and binding energy calculation as well as the construction of a mutant S protein by replacing four acidic amino acids.Sialic acid on the host cell surface is the key molecule to which histones bridge subunit 2 of the S protein.Moreover,histones enhance cell-cell fusion.Finally,treatment with an inhibitor of NETosis,histone H3 or H4,or sialic acid notably affected the levels of sgRNA copies and the number of apoptotic cells in a mouse model.These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could hijack histones from neutrophil NETosis to promote its host cell attachment and entry process and may be important in exploring pathogenesis and possible strategies to develop new effective therapies for COVID-19.
