Glaucoma is a serious leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure（IOP） does not always stop glaucomatous neurodegeneration and the optic nerve may continue to be damaged in the n...Glaucoma is a serious leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure（IOP） does not always stop glaucomatous neurodegeneration and the optic nerve may continue to be damaged in the normal IOP. Microglial activity has been recognized to play essential roles in pathogenesis of the central nervous system（CNS） as well as retinal ganglion cell（RGC） survival. The relationship between the neurodegeneration and the microglia cells in glaucoma is very complicated and still remains unclear. In the present review, we summarize the recent studies of mechanisms of microglia in glaucoma neurodegeneration, which might provide new ways to treat glaucoma.展开更多
Objective:To determine whether alpha lipoic acid（LA）can effectively protect lenses from hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）-induced cataract.Methods:Lens from adult Sprague-Dawley...Objective:To determine whether alpha lipoic acid（LA）can effectively protect lenses from hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）-induced cataract.Methods:Lens from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in 24-well plates and treated without or with 0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>,0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> plus 0.5 mM.1.0 mM.or 2.0 mM of LA for 24 h.Cataract was assessed using cross line grey scale measurement.Superoxide dismutase（SOD）.glutathione（GSH-Px）.lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）. and maloudialdehyde（MDA）activity or level in lens homogenates was measured.Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in each group were detected by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling（TUNEL） Assay.Results:A total of 0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced obvious cataract formation and apoptosis in lens’ epithelial cells,but 0.5-2.0 mM of LA could block the effect of 0.2 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in inducing cataract and apoptosis.Furthermore.0.2 mM ol H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> significantly decreased SOD.GSH-Px,and LDH activity and significant increased MDA level in the lens,but 0.5-2.0 mM of LA blocked the effect of 0.2 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.One mM of LA was found to be the most effective. Conclusions:LA can protect lens from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cataract.LA exerts protective effects through inhibition of lens’ epithelial cell apoptosis and activation of anti-oxidative enzymes.展开更多
The introduction of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) provided a new choice for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). SLT was demonstrate...The introduction of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) provided a new choice for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). SLT was demonstrated equally as effective as topical medical therapy and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to lower IOP. It is a potentially repeatable procedure because of the lack of coagulation damage to the trabecular meshwork (TM) and also effect in patients with previously failed ALT. SLT can be used to treat patients with OAG, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, OHT, juvenile glaucoma, pseudophakic and aphakic glaucoma. Furthermore, SLT can be considered as a primary treatment option in patients who cannot tolerate or are noncompliant with medications, while not interfering with the success of future surgery. Its safety profiles include mild and transient inflammation, ocular pain and a small risk of moderate IOP elevations after the procedure. SLT is a safe and effective means of IOP reduction in eyes with OAG and OHT.展开更多
目的提出了一种急危重症患者中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)预警模型.方法在重症监护医学信息数据库Ⅲ(international intensive care medical information database Ⅲ,MIMIC-Ⅲ)中筛选出符合条...目的提出了一种急危重症患者中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)预警模型.方法在重症监护医学信息数据库Ⅲ(international intensive care medical information database Ⅲ,MIMIC-Ⅲ)中筛选出符合条件的患者,提取患者的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)和平均动脉压(MAP)四项连续生理指标的时间序列数据,然后将数据划分到时间窗口中,在时间窗口中提取出线性和非线性参数.进行特征选择,采用集成学习方法XGBoost预测患者在所选的时间窗口内是否会发作ARDS.结果分类准确率达到88.33%,敏感度和特异度达到了86.30%和90.37%,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.94.结论XGBoost具有高准确率、敏感度和特异度;此ARDS预警模型比以往的模型预测准确度更高,预测时间更加提前.展开更多
Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) can be a potentially serious complication of intraocular surgery or ocular trauma. The cause is not very clear. We are trying to remind an awareness of the spectrum of DMD resu...Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) can be a potentially serious complication of intraocular surgery or ocular trauma. The cause is not very clear. We are trying to remind an awareness of the spectrum of DMD resulting from trabeculectomy by presenting a case of extensive DMD after trabeculectomy which was successfully repaired.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the regulation and mechanisms of periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, and to explore the relevance to retinal neovascularization. METHODS: The oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse mod...AIM: To investigate the regulation and mechanisms of periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, and to explore the relevance to retinal neovascularization. METHODS: The oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse model and the human Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1) cell line were used in the study. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the distribution and expression of periostin and a Müller glial cell marker glutamine synthetase(GS). Cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were added to stimulate the MIO-M1 cells. ShRNA was used to knockdown periostin expression in MIO-M1 cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of periostin. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence staining showed that periostin was expressed by MIO-M1 Müller glia. GS-positive Müller glia and periostin increased in OIR retinas, and were partially overlaid. The stimulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA expression of periostin significantly and dose-dependently in MIO-M1 cells. Knockdown of periostin reduced mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) in MIO-M1 cells, while VEGFA expression was not changed in periostin knock-out OIR retinas. CONCLUSION: Müller glia could be one of the main sources of periostin in the retina, and might contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ attenuate the periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, which provides a potential and novel method in treating retinal neovascular diseases.展开更多
Solute transport simulations are important in water pollution events.This paper introduces a finite volume Godunovtype model for solving a 4×4 matrix form of the hyperbolic conservation laws consisting of 2D shal...Solute transport simulations are important in water pollution events.This paper introduces a finite volume Godunovtype model for solving a 4×4 matrix form of the hyperbolic conservation laws consisting of 2D shallow water equations and transport equations.The model adopts the Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact(HLLC)-approximate Riemann solution to calculate the cell interface fluxes.It can deal well with the changes in the dry and wet interfaces in an actual complex terrain,and it has a strong shock-wave capturing ability.Using monotonic upstream-centred scheme for conservation laws(MUSCL)linear reconstruction with finite slope and the Runge-Kutta time integration method can achieve second-order accuracy.At the same time,the introduction of graphics processing unit(GPU)-accelerated computing technology greatly increases the computing speed.The model is validated against multiple benchmarks,and the results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and other published numerical predictions.The third test case uses the GPU and central processing unit(CPU)calculation models which take 3.865 s and 13.865 s,respectively,indicating that the GPU calculation model can increase the calculation speed by 3.6 times.In the fourth test case,comparing the numerical model calculated by GPU with the traditional numerical model calculated by CPU,the calculation efficiencies of the numerical model calculated by GPU under different resolution grids are 9.8–44.6 times higher than those by CPU.Therefore,it has better potential than previous models for large-scale simulation of solute transport in water pollution incidents.It can provide a reliable theoretical basis and strong data support in the rapid assessment and early warning of water pollution accidents.展开更多
In view of the frequent occurrence of floods due to climate change, and the fact that a large calculation domain, with complex land types, is required for solving the problem of the flood simulations, this paper propo...In view of the frequent occurrence of floods due to climate change, and the fact that a large calculation domain, with complex land types, is required for solving the problem of the flood simulations, this paper proposes an optimized non-uniform grid model combined with a high-resolution model based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration to simulate the surface water flow process. For the grid division, the topographic gradient change is taken as the control variable and different optimization criteria are designed according to different land types. In the numerical model, the Godunov-type method is adopted for the spatial discretization, the TVD-MUSUL and Runge-Kutta methods are used to improve the model’s spatial and temporal calculation accuracies, and the simulation time is reduced by leveraging the GPU acceleration. The model is applied to ideal and actual case studies. The results show that the numerical model based on a non-uniform grid enjoys a good stability. In the simulation of the urban inundation, approximately 40%–50% of the urban average topographic gradient change to be covered is taken as the threshold for the non-uniform grid division, and the calculation efficiency and accuracy can be optimized. In this case, the calculation efficiency of the non-uniform grid based on the optimized parameters is 2–3 times of that of the uniform grid, and the approach can be adopted for the actual flood simulation in large-scale areas.展开更多
Because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers,the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） cannot be made prior to symptom manifestation.Therefore,it is crucial to identify novel biomarkers for the presymptomatic diagnosis...Because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers,the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） cannot be made prior to symptom manifestation.Therefore,it is crucial to identify novel biomarkers for the presymptomatic diagnosis of AD.While brain lesions are a major feature of AD,retinal pathological changes also occur in patients.In this study,we investigated the temporal changes in β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1（BACE1） expression in the retina and brain to determine whether it could serve as a suitable biomarker for early monitoring of AD.APP/PS-1 transgenic mice,3,6 and 8 months of age,were used as an experimental group,and age-matched C57/BL6 wild-type mice served as the control group.In the Morris water maze test,there were no significant differences in escape latency or in the number of crossings in the target area among mice of different ages.Compared with wild-type mice,no changes in learning or memory abilities were detected in transgenic mice at 3 months of age.However,compared with wild-type mice,the escape latency was significantly increased in transgenic mice at 6 months,starting on day 3,and at 8 months,starting on day 2,during Morris water maze training.In addition,the number of crossings of the target area was significantly decreased in transgenic mice.The learning and memory abilities of transgenic mice were further worsened at 8 months of age.Immunohistochemical staining revealed no BACE1 plaques in wild-type mice at 3,6 or 8 months or in transgenic mice at 3 months,but they were clearly found in the entorhinal cortex,hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of transgenic mice at 6 and 8 months.BACE1 expression was not detected in the retina of wild-type mice at 3 months,but weak BACE1 expression was detected in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer at 6 and 8 months.In transgenic mice,BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer was increased at 3 months,and BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer was significantly increas展开更多
Uveitis is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complicated and have not been well understood.The treatment for uveitis is predominantly based on steroids and immun...Uveitis is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complicated and have not been well understood.The treatment for uveitis is predominantly based on steroids and immunosuppressants.However,systemic side effects limit their clinical application.With the advancement of molecular biology,some intravitreal implants and biologic agents have been used for the treatment of uveitis.Additionally,novel techniques such as gene therapy and RNA interference are being studied for using as uveitis therapy.This paper reviews recent advances in uveitis treatment.展开更多
文摘Glaucoma is a serious leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure（IOP） does not always stop glaucomatous neurodegeneration and the optic nerve may continue to be damaged in the normal IOP. Microglial activity has been recognized to play essential roles in pathogenesis of the central nervous system（CNS） as well as retinal ganglion cell（RGC） survival. The relationship between the neurodegeneration and the microglia cells in glaucoma is very complicated and still remains unclear. In the present review, we summarize the recent studies of mechanisms of microglia in glaucoma neurodegeneration, which might provide new ways to treat glaucoma.
文摘Objective:To determine whether alpha lipoic acid（LA）can effectively protect lenses from hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）-induced cataract.Methods:Lens from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in 24-well plates and treated without or with 0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>,0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> plus 0.5 mM.1.0 mM.or 2.0 mM of LA for 24 h.Cataract was assessed using cross line grey scale measurement.Superoxide dismutase（SOD）.glutathione（GSH-Px）.lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）. and maloudialdehyde（MDA）activity or level in lens homogenates was measured.Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in each group were detected by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling（TUNEL） Assay.Results:A total of 0.2 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced obvious cataract formation and apoptosis in lens’ epithelial cells,but 0.5-2.0 mM of LA could block the effect of 0.2 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in inducing cataract and apoptosis.Furthermore.0.2 mM ol H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> significantly decreased SOD.GSH-Px,and LDH activity and significant increased MDA level in the lens,but 0.5-2.0 mM of LA blocked the effect of 0.2 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.One mM of LA was found to be the most effective. Conclusions:LA can protect lens from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cataract.LA exerts protective effects through inhibition of lens’ epithelial cell apoptosis and activation of anti-oxidative enzymes.
基金Research Fund from Health Department of Hunan Province, China (No. B2009004)Research Fund from Department of finance of Hunan Province, China (No.2008-115)
文摘The introduction of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) provided a new choice for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). SLT was demonstrated equally as effective as topical medical therapy and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to lower IOP. It is a potentially repeatable procedure because of the lack of coagulation damage to the trabecular meshwork (TM) and also effect in patients with previously failed ALT. SLT can be used to treat patients with OAG, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, OHT, juvenile glaucoma, pseudophakic and aphakic glaucoma. Furthermore, SLT can be considered as a primary treatment option in patients who cannot tolerate or are noncompliant with medications, while not interfering with the success of future surgery. Its safety profiles include mild and transient inflammation, ocular pain and a small risk of moderate IOP elevations after the procedure. SLT is a safe and effective means of IOP reduction in eyes with OAG and OHT.
文摘目的提出了一种急危重症患者中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)预警模型.方法在重症监护医学信息数据库Ⅲ(international intensive care medical information database Ⅲ,MIMIC-Ⅲ)中筛选出符合条件的患者,提取患者的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)和平均动脉压(MAP)四项连续生理指标的时间序列数据,然后将数据划分到时间窗口中,在时间窗口中提取出线性和非线性参数.进行特征选择,采用集成学习方法XGBoost预测患者在所选的时间窗口内是否会发作ARDS.结果分类准确率达到88.33%,敏感度和特异度达到了86.30%和90.37%,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.94.结论XGBoost具有高准确率、敏感度和特异度;此ARDS预警模型比以往的模型预测准确度更高,预测时间更加提前.
文摘Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) can be a potentially serious complication of intraocular surgery or ocular trauma. The cause is not very clear. We are trying to remind an awareness of the spectrum of DMD resulting from trabeculectomy by presenting a case of extensive DMD after trabeculectomy which was successfully repaired.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800855 No.81800856+4 种基金 No.81700837)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2018JJ3765)Department of Science and Technology,Hunan(No.2015TP2007)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grants(No.26293374 No.16K15734)
文摘AIM: To investigate the regulation and mechanisms of periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, and to explore the relevance to retinal neovascularization. METHODS: The oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse model and the human Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1) cell line were used in the study. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the distribution and expression of periostin and a Müller glial cell marker glutamine synthetase(GS). Cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were added to stimulate the MIO-M1 cells. ShRNA was used to knockdown periostin expression in MIO-M1 cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of periostin. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence staining showed that periostin was expressed by MIO-M1 Müller glia. GS-positive Müller glia and periostin increased in OIR retinas, and were partially overlaid. The stimulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA expression of periostin significantly and dose-dependently in MIO-M1 cells. Knockdown of periostin reduced mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) in MIO-M1 cells, while VEGFA expression was not changed in periostin knock-out OIR retinas. CONCLUSION: Müller glia could be one of the main sources of periostin in the retina, and might contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ attenuate the periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, which provides a potential and novel method in treating retinal neovascular diseases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52009104 and 52079106)the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water Resources Project(No.2017slkj-14)the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(No.2017JQ3043),China。
文摘Solute transport simulations are important in water pollution events.This paper introduces a finite volume Godunovtype model for solving a 4×4 matrix form of the hyperbolic conservation laws consisting of 2D shallow water equations and transport equations.The model adopts the Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact(HLLC)-approximate Riemann solution to calculate the cell interface fluxes.It can deal well with the changes in the dry and wet interfaces in an actual complex terrain,and it has a strong shock-wave capturing ability.Using monotonic upstream-centred scheme for conservation laws(MUSCL)linear reconstruction with finite slope and the Runge-Kutta time integration method can achieve second-order accuracy.At the same time,the introduction of graphics processing unit(GPU)-accelerated computing technology greatly increases the computing speed.The model is validated against multiple benchmarks,and the results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and other published numerical predictions.The third test case uses the GPU and central processing unit(CPU)calculation models which take 3.865 s and 13.865 s,respectively,indicating that the GPU calculation model can increase the calculation speed by 3.6 times.In the fourth test case,comparing the numerical model calculated by GPU with the traditional numerical model calculated by CPU,the calculation efficiencies of the numerical model calculated by GPU under different resolution grids are 9.8–44.6 times higher than those by CPU.Therefore,it has better potential than previous models for large-scale simulation of solute transport in water pollution incidents.It can provide a reliable theoretical basis and strong data support in the rapid assessment and early warning of water pollution accidents.
基金This work was supported by the Shaanxi International Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Program(Grant No.2017KW-014)Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51609199)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2016YFC0402704).
文摘In view of the frequent occurrence of floods due to climate change, and the fact that a large calculation domain, with complex land types, is required for solving the problem of the flood simulations, this paper proposes an optimized non-uniform grid model combined with a high-resolution model based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration to simulate the surface water flow process. For the grid division, the topographic gradient change is taken as the control variable and different optimization criteria are designed according to different land types. In the numerical model, the Godunov-type method is adopted for the spatial discretization, the TVD-MUSUL and Runge-Kutta methods are used to improve the model’s spatial and temporal calculation accuracies, and the simulation time is reduced by leveraging the GPU acceleration. The model is applied to ideal and actual case studies. The results show that the numerical model based on a non-uniform grid enjoys a good stability. In the simulation of the urban inundation, approximately 40%–50% of the urban average topographic gradient change to be covered is taken as the threshold for the non-uniform grid division, and the calculation efficiency and accuracy can be optimized. In this case, the calculation efficiency of the non-uniform grid based on the optimized parameters is 2–3 times of that of the uniform grid, and the approach can be adopted for the actual flood simulation in large-scale areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(to JFH,DC,JBT),No.81371011,81400399,81471107a grant from the Project of Innovation-driven Plan of Central South University(to DC),No.2015CXS022+2 种基金a grant from the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(to JFH),No.2012BAK14B03Fundamental Research Funds of Central South University of China(to HW),No.2010QZZD022Graduate Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University of China(to LL),No.2011ssxt106
文摘Because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers,the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） cannot be made prior to symptom manifestation.Therefore,it is crucial to identify novel biomarkers for the presymptomatic diagnosis of AD.While brain lesions are a major feature of AD,retinal pathological changes also occur in patients.In this study,we investigated the temporal changes in β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1（BACE1） expression in the retina and brain to determine whether it could serve as a suitable biomarker for early monitoring of AD.APP/PS-1 transgenic mice,3,6 and 8 months of age,were used as an experimental group,and age-matched C57/BL6 wild-type mice served as the control group.In the Morris water maze test,there were no significant differences in escape latency or in the number of crossings in the target area among mice of different ages.Compared with wild-type mice,no changes in learning or memory abilities were detected in transgenic mice at 3 months of age.However,compared with wild-type mice,the escape latency was significantly increased in transgenic mice at 6 months,starting on day 3,and at 8 months,starting on day 2,during Morris water maze training.In addition,the number of crossings of the target area was significantly decreased in transgenic mice.The learning and memory abilities of transgenic mice were further worsened at 8 months of age.Immunohistochemical staining revealed no BACE1 plaques in wild-type mice at 3,6 or 8 months or in transgenic mice at 3 months,but they were clearly found in the entorhinal cortex,hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of transgenic mice at 6 and 8 months.BACE1 expression was not detected in the retina of wild-type mice at 3 months,but weak BACE1 expression was detected in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer at 6 and 8 months.In transgenic mice,BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer was increased at 3 months,and BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer was significantly increas
文摘Uveitis is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complicated and have not been well understood.The treatment for uveitis is predominantly based on steroids and immunosuppressants.However,systemic side effects limit their clinical application.With the advancement of molecular biology,some intravitreal implants and biologic agents have been used for the treatment of uveitis.Additionally,novel techniques such as gene therapy and RNA interference are being studied for using as uveitis therapy.This paper reviews recent advances in uveitis treatment.
