AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingyi decoction onthe expression of secreted phospholipase A2(s PLA2) in intestinal barrier injury.METHODS: Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, seve...AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingyi decoction onthe expression of secreted phospholipase A2(s PLA2) in intestinal barrier injury.METHODS: Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, severe acute pancreatitis(SAP), Qingyi decoction-treated(QYT), dexamethasonetreated(DEX), and verapamil-treated(VER) groups. The SAP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 1.5% sodium deoxycholate into the biliopancreatic duct of the rats. All rats were sacrificed 24 h post-SAP induction. Arterial blood, intestine, and pancreas from each rat were harvested for investigations. The levels of serum amylase(AMY) and diamine oxidase(DAO) were determined using biochemical methods, and serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α level was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Pathologic changes in the harvested tissues were investigated by microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosinstained tissue sections. The expressions of s PLA2 at m RNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot, respectively. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling assay was used to investigate apoptosis of epithelial cells in the intestinal tissues. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the expression of s PLA2 at both the m RNA and protein levels increased significantly in the SAP group(0.36 ± 0.13 vs 0.90 ± 0.38, and 0.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.64 ± 0.05, respectively; P s < 0.01). The levels of AMY, TNF-α and DAO in serum were also significantly increased(917 ± 62 U/L vs 6870 ± 810 U/L, 59.7 ± 14.3 ng/L vs 180.5 ± 20.1 ng/L, and 10.37 ± 2.44 U/L vs 37.89 ± 5.86 U/L, respectively; P s < 0.01). The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells also differed significantly between the SAP and control rats(0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.26 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). The serum levels of DAO and TNF-α, and the intestinal apoptosis index significantly correlated with s PLA2 expression in the intestine(r = 0.895, 0.893 and 0.926, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Thelevels of s PLA2, AM展开更多
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regi...Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.展开更多
Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection emerged in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in December 2019.By Feb.11,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)officially named th...Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection emerged in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in December 2019.By Feb.11,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)officially named the disease resulting from infection with SARS-Co V-2 as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).COVID-19 represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that typically include fever,dry cough,and fatigue,often with pulmonary involvement.SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most individuals within the population at large are susceptible to infection.Wild animal hosts and infected patients are currently the main sources of disease which is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact.Since the outbreak,the Chinese government and scientific community have acted rapidly to identify the causative agent and promptly shared the viral gene sequence,and have carried out measures to contain the epidemic.Meanwhile,recent research has revealed critical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and disease pathogenesis;other studies have focused on epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis,management,as well as drug and vaccine development.This review aims to summarize the latest research findings and to provide expert consensus.We will also share ongoing efforts and experience in China,which may provide insight on how to contain the epidemic and improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease,together with updated guidance for prevention,control,and critical management of this pandemic.展开更多
Zinc leaching residue(ZLR) contains high content of valuable metals such as zinc and iron. However, zinc and iron mainly exist in the form of zinc ferrite, which are difficult to separate and recover. This study propo...Zinc leaching residue(ZLR) contains high content of valuable metals such as zinc and iron. However, zinc and iron mainly exist in the form of zinc ferrite, which are difficult to separate and recover. This study proposed a new process involving sulfidation roasting, magnetic separation and flotation to recover zinc and iron in ZLR. Through sulfidation roasting of ZLR with pyrite, zinc and iron were converted into ZnS and Fe3 O4. The effects of pyrite dosage, roasting temperature and roasting time on the sulfidation of zinc in ZLR were investigated. The results showed that the sulfidation percentage of zinc reached 91.8% under the optimum condition. Besides, it was found that ball-milling was favorable for the separation and recovery of zinc and iron in sulfidation products. After ball-milling pretreatment, iron and zinc were enriched from sulfidation products by magnetic separation and flotation. The grade of iron in magnetic concentrates was 52.3% and the grade of zinc in flotation concentrates was 31.7%, which realized the recovery of resources.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury not only affects the site of the injury, but can also induce neuronal apop- tosis at the spinal cord. However, many acupuncture clinicians still focus only on the injury site, selecting acupoin...Peripheral nerve injury not only affects the site of the injury, but can also induce neuronal apop- tosis at the spinal cord. However, many acupuncture clinicians still focus only on the injury site, selecting acupoints entirely along the injured nerve trunk and neglecting other regions; this may delay onset of treatment efficacy and rehabilitation. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Governor vessel and local meridian acupoints combined （GV/LM group） with acupuncture at local meridian acupoints alone （LM group） in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injury. In the GV/LM group （n = 15）, in addition to meridian acupoints at the injury site, the following acupoints on the Governor vessel were stimulated： Baihui （GV20）, Fengfu （GV16）, Dazhui （GV14）, and Shenzhu （GV12）, selected to treat nerve injury of the upper limb, and Jizhong （GV6）, Mingmen （GV4）, Yaoyangguan （GV3）, and Yaoshu （GV2） to treat nerve injury of the lower limb. In the LM group （n = 15）, only me- ridian acupoints along the injured nerve were selected. Both groups had electroacupuncture treatment for 30 minutes, once a day, 5 times per week, for 6 weeks. Two cases dropped out of the LM group. A good or excellent clinical response was obtained in 80% of the patients in the GV/ LM group and 38.5% of the LM group. In a second study, an additional 20 patients underwent acupuncture with the same prescription as the GV/LM group. Electomyographic nerve conduc- tion tests were performed before and after acupuncture to explore the mechanism of action of the treatment. An effective response was observed in 80.0% of the patients, with greater motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude after treatment, indicating that electroacupuncture on specific Governor vessel acupoints promotes functional motor nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, electromyography was performed before, during and after electroacu- puncture in one patient with r展开更多
Background:The novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2,also called 2019-nCoV)causes different morbidity risks to individuals in different age groups.This study attempts to quantify...Background:The novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2,also called 2019-nCoV)causes different morbidity risks to individuals in different age groups.This study attempts to quantify the age-specific transmissibility using a mathematical model.Methods:An epidemiological model with five compartments(susceptible-exposed-symptomatic-asymptomatic-recovered/removed[SEIAR])was developed based on observed transmission features.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases were divided into four age groups:group 1,those≤14years old;group 2,those 15 to 44years old;group 3,those 45 to 64years old;and group 4,those≥65 years old.The model was initially based on cases(including imported cases and secondary cases)collected in Hunan Province from January 5 to February 19,2020.Another dataset,from Jilin Province,was used to test the model.Results:The age-specific SEIAR model fitted the data well in each age group(P<0.001).In Hunan Province,the highest transmissibility was from age group 4 to 3(median:β43=7.71×10-9;SAR43=3.86×10-8),followed by group 3 to 4(median:β34=3.07×10-9;SAR34=1.53×10-8),group 2 to 2(median:β22=1.24×10-9;SAR22=6.21×10-9),and group 3 to 1(median:β31=4.10×10-10;SAR31=2.08×10-9).The lowest transmissibility was from age group 3 to 3(median:β33=1.64×10-19;SAR33=8.19×10-19),followed by group 4 to 4(median:β44=3.66×10-17;SAR44=1.83×10-16),group 3 to 2(median:β32=1.21×10-16;SAR32=6.06×10-16),and group 1 to 4(median:β14=7.20×10-14;SAR14=3.60×10-13).In Jilin Province,the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 4 to 4(median:β43=4.27×10-8;SAR43=2.13×10-7),followed by group 3 to 4(median:β34=1.81×10-8;SAR34=9.03×10-8).Conclusions:SARS-CoV-2 exhibits high transmissibility between middle-aged(45 to 64 years old)and elderly(≥65 years old)people.Children(≤14 years old)have very low susceptibility to COVID-19.This study will improve our understanding of the transmission feature of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups and suggest the most prevention me展开更多
Colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) is common worldwide. Targeted therapies with monoclonal antibodies have been proven effective in numerous clinical trials, and are now becoming standards for patients with CLM. The de...Colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) is common worldwide. Targeted therapies with monoclonal antibodies have been proven effective in numerous clinical trials, and are now becoming standards for patients with CLM. The development and application of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies represents significant advances in the treatment of this disease. However, new findings continue to emerge casting doubt on the efficacy of this approach. The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) has been proven to be a crucial predictor of the success of anti-EGFR treatment in CLM. Whereas a recent study summarized several randomized controlled trials, and showed that patients with the KRAS G13D mutation significantly benefited from the addition of cetuximab in terms of progress-free survival (PFS, 4.0 mo vs 1.9 mo, HR = 0.51, P = 0.004) and overall survival (OS, 7.6 mo vs 5.7 mo, HR = 0.50, P = 0.005). Some other studies also reported that the KRAS G13D mutation might not be absolutely predictive of non-responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. At the same time, “new” RAS mutations, including mutations in neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS) and exons 3 and 4 of KRAS, have been suggested to be predictors of a poor treatment response. This finding was first reported by the update of the PRIME trial. The update showed that for patients with non-mutated KRAS exon 2 but other RAS mutations, panitumumab-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)4 treatment led to inferior PFS (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 0.79-2.07) and OS (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 0.79-2.10), which was consistent with the findings in patients with KRAS mutations in exon 2. Then, the update of the PEAK trial and the FIRE-III trial also supported this finding, which would reduce candidates for anti-EGFR therapy but enhance the efficacy. In first-line targeted combination therapy, the regimens of cetuximab plus FOLFOX was called into question because of the inferior prog展开更多
Aberrant expression of CXCR4 has been indicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),but the mechanism of CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE is unclear.This study is aimed to explore the cli...Aberrant expression of CXCR4 has been indicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),but the mechanism of CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE is unclear.This study is aimed to explore the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of abnormal CXCR4 expression on B cells from patients with untreated SLE.Expression of CXCR4 on peripheral B cells was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting.Freshly isolated B cells were cultured with exogenous interleukin 21(IL-21)in the presence or absence of CD40 ligand(CD40L)plus anti-IgM antibody(aIgM),and changes in CXCR4 expression were detected.Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/Akt and Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathways was assessed by adding blocking agents Ly294002 and AG490.Since CD63 is reported to mediate endosomal recruitment of CXCR4 and BCL6 is capable of silencing CD63 gene transcription,we also measured BCL6 and CD63 gene transcription with real-time PCR.It was shown that CXCR4 expression on B cells was significantly upregulated in SLE patients,especially in those with lupus nephritis,and was positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index scores and negatively with the serum complement 3 levels(Po0.05).Downregulation of CXCR4 by IL-21 was intact.In contrast,a similar effect of aIgM plus CD40L in downregulating CXCR4 expression was defective in SLE patients but was restored by co-stimulation with IL-21 in vitro.Both Ly294002 and AG490 promoted downregulation of surface CXCR4 expression on B cells from SLE patients(P=0.078 and P=0.064).Furthermore,B cells from SLE patients exhibited diminished CD63 mRNA and enhanced BCL6 mRNA expression(both Po0.05).To sum up,CXCR4 was overexpressed on SLE B cells,positively correlating with disease activity and kidney involvement.Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways as well as defective CD63 synthesis may contribute to CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE.展开更多
Ir-based dectrocatalysts have been system- atically studied for a variety of applications, among which the electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） is one of the most prominent. The investigation on surf...Ir-based dectrocatalysts have been system- atically studied for a variety of applications, among which the electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） is one of the most prominent. The investigation on surface-micro- structure-sensitive catalytic activity in different pH media is of great significance for developing efficient electrocatalysts and corresponding mechanism research. Herein, shape-tunable Ir- Pd alloy nanocrystals, including nano-hollow-spheres （NHSs）, nanowires （NWs）, and nanotetrahedrons （NTs）, are synthe- sized via a facile one-pot solvothermal method, Electro- chemical studies show that the OER activity of the Ir-Pd alloy nanocatalysts exhibits surface-microstructure-sensitive en- hancement in acidic and alkaline media. Ir-Pd NWs and NTs show more than five times higher mass activity than com- mercial Ir/C catalyst at an overpotential of 0.25 V in acidic and alkaline media. Post-XPS analyses reveal that surface Ir（VI） oxide generated at surface defective sites of Ir-Pd nanocata- lysts is a possible key intermediate for OER. In acidic medium, the specific activity of Ir-Pd nanocatalysts has a positive cor- relation with the surface roughness of NWs 〉 NHSs 〉 NTs. However, the strong dissociation of surface Ir（VI） species （IrO42-） at surface defective sites is a possible obstacle for the formation of Ir（VI） oxide, which reverses the activity sequence for OER in alkaline medium.展开更多
We conducted an investigation into the germination of seeds from individual Populus euphratica trees of different ages and growing conditions in order to discover the effect of intraspecific factors on their sexual re...We conducted an investigation into the germination of seeds from individual Populus euphratica trees of different ages and growing conditions in order to discover the effect of intraspecific factors on their sexual reproduction in the Ejina Oasis, Inner Mongolia of China. By carrying out germination experiments of seeds collected at various seed dispersal periods, we found that P. euphratica seeds could be germinated intensively within 8 h from the start of the experiments, that the germination percentage decreased with the time of seed dispersal and that the germination percentage of seeds collected at the early stage of seed dispersal was 1.86 times greater than those collected at the final stage. There was no significant difference in the germination percentage or the germination index between seeds collected at the early and peak stages. The vitality of seeds from the mature forest was clearly higher than that of the half-mature and near-mature forests. The rate of branch dieback only affected seed germination at the final stage. Therefore, we conclude that the mature P. euphratica forest was the main contributor to reproduction. The results show that both the time of seed harvest and stand age were the main factors affecting the germination percentage of P. euphratica seeds.展开更多
JMCT is a large-scale,high-fidelity,three-dimensional general neutron–photon–electron–proton transport Monte Carlo software system.It was developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure JCOGIN...JMCT is a large-scale,high-fidelity,three-dimensional general neutron–photon–electron–proton transport Monte Carlo software system.It was developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure JCOGIN and the adaptive structured mesh infrastructure JASMIN.JMCT is equipped with CAD modeling and visualizes the image output.It supports the geometry of the body and the structured/unstructured mesh.JMCT has most functions,variance reduction techniques,and tallies of the traditional Monte Carlo particle transport codes.Two energy models,multi-group and continuous,are provided.In recent years,some new functions and algorithms have been developed,such as Doppler broadening on-thefly(OTF),uniform tally density(UTD),consistent adjoint driven importance sampling(CADIS),fast criticality search of boron concentration(FCSBC)domain decomposition(DD),adaptive control rod moving(ACRM),and random geometry(RG)etc.The JMCT is also coupled with the discrete ordinate SNcode JSNT to generate source-biasing factors and weight-window parameters.At present,the number of geometric bodies,materials,tallies,depletion zones,and parallel processors are sufficiently large to simulate extremely complicated device problems.JMCT can be used to simulate reactor physics,criticality safety analysis,radiation shielding,detector response,nuclear well logging,and dosimetry calculations etc.In particular,JMCT can be coupled with depletion and thermal-hydraulics for the simulation of reactor nuclear-hot feedback effects.This paper describes the progress in advanced modeling,high-performance numerical simulation of particle transport,multiphysics coupled calculations,and large-scale parallel computing.展开更多
In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases,we have studied a new and efficient photocatalyst to reduce CO_(2).We recombined the hollow CeO_(2) with the In_(2)O_(3) and introduced the oxygen vacancy to obtain th...In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases,we have studied a new and efficient photocatalyst to reduce CO_(2).We recombined the hollow CeO_(2) with the In_(2)O_(3) and introduced the oxygen vacancy to obtain the CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) for the hollow structure of the oxygen vacancy.The test results show that CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) with oxygen vacancy hollow structure(hereinafter collectively referred to as H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x))have higher photocatalytic reduction activity of CO_(2) than hollow CeO_(2) and hollow In_(2)O_(3).When the illumination time was 4 h,the yields of carbon dioxide reduction to CO and methane were 38.7 and 7.8 μmol·g^(-1),respectively.Consequently,we explained the photocatalytic reduction mechanism,and carried out the X-ray diffraction(XRD)and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) analysis of H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x).This study summarizes some experience for the study of oxygen vacancy hollow structure photocatalyst,and provides some new ideas in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2).展开更多
Background:Infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation.This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for infection and survival after l...Background:Infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation.This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for infection and survival after liver transplantation.Methods:We retrospectively examined medical records in 210 liver recipients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 in our hospital.Clinical manifestations and results of pathogen detection test were used to define infection.We analyzed the prevalence,risk factors and prognosis of patients with infection.Results:The median follow-up was 214 days;the incidence of infection after liver transplantation was 46.7%(n=98)which included pneumonia(43.4%),biliary tract infection(21.9%),peritonitis(21.4%)and bloodstream infection(7.6%).Among the pathogens in pneumonia,the most frequently isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii(23.5%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(21.2%).Model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score(OR=1.083,95%CI:1.045–1.123;P<0.001),biliary complication(OR=4.725,95%CI:1.119–19.947;P=0.035)and duration of drainage tube(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.007–1.074;P=0.017)were independent risk factors for posttransplant infection.All-cause mortality was 11.0%(n=23).The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in liver recipients were prior-transplant infection,especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation.Kaplan-Meier curves of survival showed that recipients within 2 weeks prior infection had a significantly lower cumulative survival rate compared with those without infection(65.2%vs.90.0%;hazard ratio:4.480;P<0.001).Conclusions:Infection,especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation,complication with impaired renal function and MELD score after 7 days of transplantation was an independent prognostic factor for postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.展开更多
AIM To identify clinical biomarkers that could early predict improved survival in patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib(TACE-S)...AIM To identify clinical biomarkers that could early predict improved survival in patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib(TACE-S).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of consecutive patients with advanced-stage HCC who underwent TACE-S from January 2012 to December 2015. At the first follow-up 4-6 wk after TACE-S(median, 38 d; range, 33-45 d), patients exhibiting the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(m RECIST)-evaluated complete response, partial response, and stable disease were categorized as early disease control. At this time point, multiple variables were analyzed to identify the related factors affecting survival.RESULTS Ninety-five patients were included in this study, and 60 of these patients achieved early disease control, with an overall disease control rate(DCR) of 63.2%. Patients who got sorafenib at the first TACE(no previous TACE) and patients without portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) had a higher DCR than those who underwent previous TACE before TACE-S(72.4% vs 48.6%, P = 0.019) and those with PVTT(75.5% vs 50.0%, P = 0.010). Early disease control after TACE-S, no previous TACE, and no PVTT were the independent prognostic factors for survival in the uni-and multivariate analyses.CONCLUSION The first follow-up 4-6 wk after TACE-S can be used as the earliest time point to assess the response to TACE-S, and patients with m RECIST-evaluated early disease control, no previous TACE, and no PVTT had better survival.展开更多
Electrocatalysis can enable efficient energy storage and conversion and thus is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality.The unique structure and function of organisms can offer many ideas for the design of elect...Electrocatalysis can enable efficient energy storage and conversion and thus is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality.The unique structure and function of organisms can offer many ideas for the design of electrocatalysts,which has become one of the most promising research directions.Recently,the understanding of the mechanism of bio-inspired electrocatalysis has become clearer,which has promoted the design of bio-inspired catalysts and catalytic systems.Various bio-inspired catalysts(enzyme-like catalysts,layered porous catalysts,superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces,and so on)have been developed to enable efficient electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we discuss the key advances in the field of bio-inspired electrocatalysts progressed in recent years.First,the role of bio-inspiration in increasing the intrinsic activity and number of active sites of catalysts is introduced.Then,the structure and mechanism of layered porous catalytic systems that mimic biological transport systems are comprehensively discussed.Subsequently,the design of three-phase interfaces from micro-nanoscale to atomic scale is highlighted,including the wettability of the electrode surface and the transport system near the electrode.We conclude the review by identifying challenges in bio-inspired electrocatalysts and providing insights into future prospects for the exciting research field.展开更多
Radix Adenophorae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to have a variety of biological functions. In the present study, a polysaccharide component, Radix Adenophorae Polysaccharide （RAPS）, was purified...Radix Adenophorae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to have a variety of biological functions. In the present study, a polysaccharide component, Radix Adenophorae Polysaccharide （RAPS）, was purified from Radix Adenophorae by decoloring with ADS-7 macroporous adsorption resin, DEAE-52 cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-300HR gel chromatography, with the purity of 98.3% and a molecular weight of 1.8 × 104 Da. The cell viability assay and microscopic examination revealed that RAPS promoted the proliferation and activation of macrophages. At 400 μg·mL-1, RAPS stimulated RAW264.7 cell proliferation by 1.91-fold compared with the control. Meanwhile, RAPS significantly increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines （TNF-a and IL-6） in a dose-dependent manner in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cell culture as determined by ELISA. At 400 μg·mL-1, the production of TNF-a was 20.8-fold higher than that of the control. Simultaneously, the production of nitric oxide （NO） and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were increased in RAW264.7 cells incubated with RAPS, as measured by Griess assay and Western blot analysis. The NO production of cells treated with RAPS （400 μg·mL-1） reached 15.8 μmol·L-L, which was 30.4-fold higher than that of the control （0.53 μmol·L-1）. These data suggested that RAPS may enhance the immune function and protect against exogenous pathogens by activating macrophages.展开更多
Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land...Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173452
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingyi decoction onthe expression of secreted phospholipase A2(s PLA2) in intestinal barrier injury.METHODS: Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, severe acute pancreatitis(SAP), Qingyi decoction-treated(QYT), dexamethasonetreated(DEX), and verapamil-treated(VER) groups. The SAP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 1.5% sodium deoxycholate into the biliopancreatic duct of the rats. All rats were sacrificed 24 h post-SAP induction. Arterial blood, intestine, and pancreas from each rat were harvested for investigations. The levels of serum amylase(AMY) and diamine oxidase(DAO) were determined using biochemical methods, and serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α level was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Pathologic changes in the harvested tissues were investigated by microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosinstained tissue sections. The expressions of s PLA2 at m RNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot, respectively. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling assay was used to investigate apoptosis of epithelial cells in the intestinal tissues. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the expression of s PLA2 at both the m RNA and protein levels increased significantly in the SAP group(0.36 ± 0.13 vs 0.90 ± 0.38, and 0.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.64 ± 0.05, respectively; P s < 0.01). The levels of AMY, TNF-α and DAO in serum were also significantly increased(917 ± 62 U/L vs 6870 ± 810 U/L, 59.7 ± 14.3 ng/L vs 180.5 ± 20.1 ng/L, and 10.37 ± 2.44 U/L vs 37.89 ± 5.86 U/L, respectively; P s < 0.01). The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells also differed significantly between the SAP and control rats(0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.26 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). The serum levels of DAO and TNF-α, and the intestinal apoptosis index significantly correlated with s PLA2 expression in the intestine(r = 0.895, 0.893 and 0.926, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Thelevels of s PLA2, AM
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201003016)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-31)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127405)
文摘Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.
文摘Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection emerged in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in December 2019.By Feb.11,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)officially named the disease resulting from infection with SARS-Co V-2 as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).COVID-19 represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that typically include fever,dry cough,and fatigue,often with pulmonary involvement.SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most individuals within the population at large are susceptible to infection.Wild animal hosts and infected patients are currently the main sources of disease which is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact.Since the outbreak,the Chinese government and scientific community have acted rapidly to identify the causative agent and promptly shared the viral gene sequence,and have carried out measures to contain the epidemic.Meanwhile,recent research has revealed critical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and disease pathogenesis;other studies have focused on epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis,management,as well as drug and vaccine development.This review aims to summarize the latest research findings and to provide expert consensus.We will also share ongoing efforts and experience in China,which may provide insight on how to contain the epidemic and improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease,together with updated guidance for prevention,control,and critical management of this pandemic.
基金Project(2018YFC1900305)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(51825403)supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China+1 种基金Projects(51634010,51474247,51904354)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019SK2291)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Zinc leaching residue(ZLR) contains high content of valuable metals such as zinc and iron. However, zinc and iron mainly exist in the form of zinc ferrite, which are difficult to separate and recover. This study proposed a new process involving sulfidation roasting, magnetic separation and flotation to recover zinc and iron in ZLR. Through sulfidation roasting of ZLR with pyrite, zinc and iron were converted into ZnS and Fe3 O4. The effects of pyrite dosage, roasting temperature and roasting time on the sulfidation of zinc in ZLR were investigated. The results showed that the sulfidation percentage of zinc reached 91.8% under the optimum condition. Besides, it was found that ball-milling was favorable for the separation and recovery of zinc and iron in sulfidation products. After ball-milling pretreatment, iron and zinc were enriched from sulfidation products by magnetic separation and flotation. The grade of iron in magnetic concentrates was 52.3% and the grade of zinc in flotation concentrates was 31.7%, which realized the recovery of resources.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan,No.2010B030700008the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Application Foundation,No.2012J4300062the Major Project of Science and Technology Plan of Dongguan City in 2012,No.2012105102022
文摘Peripheral nerve injury not only affects the site of the injury, but can also induce neuronal apop- tosis at the spinal cord. However, many acupuncture clinicians still focus only on the injury site, selecting acupoints entirely along the injured nerve trunk and neglecting other regions; this may delay onset of treatment efficacy and rehabilitation. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Governor vessel and local meridian acupoints combined （GV/LM group） with acupuncture at local meridian acupoints alone （LM group） in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injury. In the GV/LM group （n = 15）, in addition to meridian acupoints at the injury site, the following acupoints on the Governor vessel were stimulated： Baihui （GV20）, Fengfu （GV16）, Dazhui （GV14）, and Shenzhu （GV12）, selected to treat nerve injury of the upper limb, and Jizhong （GV6）, Mingmen （GV4）, Yaoyangguan （GV3）, and Yaoshu （GV2） to treat nerve injury of the lower limb. In the LM group （n = 15）, only me- ridian acupoints along the injured nerve were selected. Both groups had electroacupuncture treatment for 30 minutes, once a day, 5 times per week, for 6 weeks. Two cases dropped out of the LM group. A good or excellent clinical response was obtained in 80% of the patients in the GV/ LM group and 38.5% of the LM group. In a second study, an additional 20 patients underwent acupuncture with the same prescription as the GV/LM group. Electomyographic nerve conduc- tion tests were performed before and after acupuncture to explore the mechanism of action of the treatment. An effective response was observed in 80.0% of the patients, with greater motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude after treatment, indicating that electroacupuncture on specific Governor vessel acupoints promotes functional motor nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, electromyography was performed before, during and after electroacu- puncture in one patient with r
基金This work was partly supported by the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics(SKLVD2019KF005)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(INV-005834)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(No:2020Y0002)the Xiamen New Coronavirus Prevention and Control Emergency Tackling Special Topic Program(No:3502Z2020YJ03)the Hunan Provincial Construction of Innovative Provinces Special Social Development Areas Key Research and Development Project(2020SK3012)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Coronavirus Disease 2019 Science and Technology Research Project in 2020(2020HY320003).
文摘Background:The novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2,also called 2019-nCoV)causes different morbidity risks to individuals in different age groups.This study attempts to quantify the age-specific transmissibility using a mathematical model.Methods:An epidemiological model with five compartments(susceptible-exposed-symptomatic-asymptomatic-recovered/removed[SEIAR])was developed based on observed transmission features.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases were divided into four age groups:group 1,those≤14years old;group 2,those 15 to 44years old;group 3,those 45 to 64years old;and group 4,those≥65 years old.The model was initially based on cases(including imported cases and secondary cases)collected in Hunan Province from January 5 to February 19,2020.Another dataset,from Jilin Province,was used to test the model.Results:The age-specific SEIAR model fitted the data well in each age group(P<0.001).In Hunan Province,the highest transmissibility was from age group 4 to 3(median:β43=7.71×10-9;SAR43=3.86×10-8),followed by group 3 to 4(median:β34=3.07×10-9;SAR34=1.53×10-8),group 2 to 2(median:β22=1.24×10-9;SAR22=6.21×10-9),and group 3 to 1(median:β31=4.10×10-10;SAR31=2.08×10-9).The lowest transmissibility was from age group 3 to 3(median:β33=1.64×10-19;SAR33=8.19×10-19),followed by group 4 to 4(median:β44=3.66×10-17;SAR44=1.83×10-16),group 3 to 2(median:β32=1.21×10-16;SAR32=6.06×10-16),and group 1 to 4(median:β14=7.20×10-14;SAR14=3.60×10-13).In Jilin Province,the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 4 to 4(median:β43=4.27×10-8;SAR43=2.13×10-7),followed by group 3 to 4(median:β34=1.81×10-8;SAR34=9.03×10-8).Conclusions:SARS-CoV-2 exhibits high transmissibility between middle-aged(45 to 64 years old)and elderly(≥65 years old)people.Children(≤14 years old)have very low susceptibility to COVID-19.This study will improve our understanding of the transmission feature of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups and suggest the most prevention me
文摘Colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) is common worldwide. Targeted therapies with monoclonal antibodies have been proven effective in numerous clinical trials, and are now becoming standards for patients with CLM. The development and application of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies represents significant advances in the treatment of this disease. However, new findings continue to emerge casting doubt on the efficacy of this approach. The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) has been proven to be a crucial predictor of the success of anti-EGFR treatment in CLM. Whereas a recent study summarized several randomized controlled trials, and showed that patients with the KRAS G13D mutation significantly benefited from the addition of cetuximab in terms of progress-free survival (PFS, 4.0 mo vs 1.9 mo, HR = 0.51, P = 0.004) and overall survival (OS, 7.6 mo vs 5.7 mo, HR = 0.50, P = 0.005). Some other studies also reported that the KRAS G13D mutation might not be absolutely predictive of non-responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. At the same time, “new” RAS mutations, including mutations in neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS) and exons 3 and 4 of KRAS, have been suggested to be predictors of a poor treatment response. This finding was first reported by the update of the PRIME trial. The update showed that for patients with non-mutated KRAS exon 2 but other RAS mutations, panitumumab-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)4 treatment led to inferior PFS (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 0.79-2.07) and OS (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 0.79-2.10), which was consistent with the findings in patients with KRAS mutations in exon 2. Then, the update of the PEAK trial and the FIRE-III trial also supported this finding, which would reduce candidates for anti-EGFR therapy but enhance the efficacy. In first-line targeted combination therapy, the regimens of cetuximab plus FOLFOX was called into question because of the inferior prog
基金by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81325019,81630044,81273312,81601432,81550023)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(813250046)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7141008)the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Health(20120217)the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund(2011-4001-02).
文摘Aberrant expression of CXCR4 has been indicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),but the mechanism of CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE is unclear.This study is aimed to explore the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of abnormal CXCR4 expression on B cells from patients with untreated SLE.Expression of CXCR4 on peripheral B cells was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting.Freshly isolated B cells were cultured with exogenous interleukin 21(IL-21)in the presence or absence of CD40 ligand(CD40L)plus anti-IgM antibody(aIgM),and changes in CXCR4 expression were detected.Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/Akt and Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathways was assessed by adding blocking agents Ly294002 and AG490.Since CD63 is reported to mediate endosomal recruitment of CXCR4 and BCL6 is capable of silencing CD63 gene transcription,we also measured BCL6 and CD63 gene transcription with real-time PCR.It was shown that CXCR4 expression on B cells was significantly upregulated in SLE patients,especially in those with lupus nephritis,and was positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index scores and negatively with the serum complement 3 levels(Po0.05).Downregulation of CXCR4 by IL-21 was intact.In contrast,a similar effect of aIgM plus CD40L in downregulating CXCR4 expression was defective in SLE patients but was restored by co-stimulation with IL-21 in vitro.Both Ly294002 and AG490 promoted downregulation of surface CXCR4 expression on B cells from SLE patients(P=0.078 and P=0.064).Furthermore,B cells from SLE patients exhibited diminished CD63 mRNA and enhanced BCL6 mRNA expression(both Po0.05).To sum up,CXCR4 was overexpressed on SLE B cells,positively correlating with disease activity and kidney involvement.Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways as well as defective CD63 synthesis may contribute to CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573005, 21771009 and 21621061)the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFB0701100)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2162019)
文摘Ir-based dectrocatalysts have been system- atically studied for a variety of applications, among which the electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） is one of the most prominent. The investigation on surface-micro- structure-sensitive catalytic activity in different pH media is of great significance for developing efficient electrocatalysts and corresponding mechanism research. Herein, shape-tunable Ir- Pd alloy nanocrystals, including nano-hollow-spheres （NHSs）, nanowires （NWs）, and nanotetrahedrons （NTs）, are synthe- sized via a facile one-pot solvothermal method, Electro- chemical studies show that the OER activity of the Ir-Pd alloy nanocatalysts exhibits surface-microstructure-sensitive en- hancement in acidic and alkaline media. Ir-Pd NWs and NTs show more than five times higher mass activity than com- mercial Ir/C catalyst at an overpotential of 0.25 V in acidic and alkaline media. Post-XPS analyses reveal that surface Ir（VI） oxide generated at surface defective sites of Ir-Pd nanocata- lysts is a possible key intermediate for OER. In acidic medium, the specific activity of Ir-Pd nanocatalysts has a positive cor- relation with the surface roughness of NWs 〉 NHSs 〉 NTs. However, the strong dissociation of surface Ir（VI） species （IrO42-） at surface defective sites is a possible obstacle for the formation of Ir（VI） oxide, which reverses the activity sequence for OER in alkaline medium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31070553, 30570332)the 11th Five-Year Plan of the National Scientific and Technological Support Projects of China (Grant No. 2008BAD-B0B05)
文摘We conducted an investigation into the germination of seeds from individual Populus euphratica trees of different ages and growing conditions in order to discover the effect of intraspecific factors on their sexual reproduction in the Ejina Oasis, Inner Mongolia of China. By carrying out germination experiments of seeds collected at various seed dispersal periods, we found that P. euphratica seeds could be germinated intensively within 8 h from the start of the experiments, that the germination percentage decreased with the time of seed dispersal and that the germination percentage of seeds collected at the early stage of seed dispersal was 1.86 times greater than those collected at the final stage. There was no significant difference in the germination percentage or the germination index between seeds collected at the early and peak stages. The vitality of seeds from the mature forest was clearly higher than that of the half-mature and near-mature forests. The rate of branch dieback only affected seed germination at the final stage. Therefore, we conclude that the mature P. euphratica forest was the main contributor to reproduction. The results show that both the time of seed harvest and stand age were the main factors affecting the germination percentage of P. euphratica seeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11805017 and 12001050)
文摘JMCT is a large-scale,high-fidelity,three-dimensional general neutron–photon–electron–proton transport Monte Carlo software system.It was developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure JCOGIN and the adaptive structured mesh infrastructure JASMIN.JMCT is equipped with CAD modeling and visualizes the image output.It supports the geometry of the body and the structured/unstructured mesh.JMCT has most functions,variance reduction techniques,and tallies of the traditional Monte Carlo particle transport codes.Two energy models,multi-group and continuous,are provided.In recent years,some new functions and algorithms have been developed,such as Doppler broadening on-thefly(OTF),uniform tally density(UTD),consistent adjoint driven importance sampling(CADIS),fast criticality search of boron concentration(FCSBC)domain decomposition(DD),adaptive control rod moving(ACRM),and random geometry(RG)etc.The JMCT is also coupled with the discrete ordinate SNcode JSNT to generate source-biasing factors and weight-window parameters.At present,the number of geometric bodies,materials,tallies,depletion zones,and parallel processors are sufficiently large to simulate extremely complicated device problems.JMCT can be used to simulate reactor physics,criticality safety analysis,radiation shielding,detector response,nuclear well logging,and dosimetry calculations etc.In particular,JMCT can be coupled with depletion and thermal-hydraulics for the simulation of reactor nuclear-hot feedback effects.This paper describes the progress in advanced modeling,high-performance numerical simulation of particle transport,multiphysics coupled calculations,and large-scale parallel computing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52064049)the Key National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (Nos. 2018FA028 and 2019FY003023)+2 种基金the International Joint Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials of Yunnan Province (No. 202003AE140001)the Key Laboratory of Solid State Ions for Green Energy of Yunnan University (2019)the Analysis and Measurements Center of Yunnan University for the Sample Testing Service。
文摘In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases,we have studied a new and efficient photocatalyst to reduce CO_(2).We recombined the hollow CeO_(2) with the In_(2)O_(3) and introduced the oxygen vacancy to obtain the CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) for the hollow structure of the oxygen vacancy.The test results show that CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) with oxygen vacancy hollow structure(hereinafter collectively referred to as H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x))have higher photocatalytic reduction activity of CO_(2) than hollow CeO_(2) and hollow In_(2)O_(3).When the illumination time was 4 h,the yields of carbon dioxide reduction to CO and methane were 38.7 and 7.8 μmol·g^(-1),respectively.Consequently,we explained the photocatalytic reduction mechanism,and carried out the X-ray diffraction(XRD)and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) analysis of H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x).This study summarizes some experience for the study of oxygen vacancy hollow structure photocatalyst,and provides some new ideas in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2).
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670560).
文摘Background:Infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation.This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for infection and survival after liver transplantation.Methods:We retrospectively examined medical records in 210 liver recipients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 in our hospital.Clinical manifestations and results of pathogen detection test were used to define infection.We analyzed the prevalence,risk factors and prognosis of patients with infection.Results:The median follow-up was 214 days;the incidence of infection after liver transplantation was 46.7%(n=98)which included pneumonia(43.4%),biliary tract infection(21.9%),peritonitis(21.4%)and bloodstream infection(7.6%).Among the pathogens in pneumonia,the most frequently isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii(23.5%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(21.2%).Model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score(OR=1.083,95%CI:1.045–1.123;P<0.001),biliary complication(OR=4.725,95%CI:1.119–19.947;P=0.035)and duration of drainage tube(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.007–1.074;P=0.017)were independent risk factors for posttransplant infection.All-cause mortality was 11.0%(n=23).The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in liver recipients were prior-transplant infection,especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation.Kaplan-Meier curves of survival showed that recipients within 2 weeks prior infection had a significantly lower cumulative survival rate compared with those without infection(65.2%vs.90.0%;hazard ratio:4.480;P<0.001).Conclusions:Infection,especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation,complication with impaired renal function and MELD score after 7 days of transplantation was an independent prognostic factor for postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371655 and No.81571774Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2014A030313171
文摘AIM To identify clinical biomarkers that could early predict improved survival in patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib(TACE-S).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of consecutive patients with advanced-stage HCC who underwent TACE-S from January 2012 to December 2015. At the first follow-up 4-6 wk after TACE-S(median, 38 d; range, 33-45 d), patients exhibiting the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(m RECIST)-evaluated complete response, partial response, and stable disease were categorized as early disease control. At this time point, multiple variables were analyzed to identify the related factors affecting survival.RESULTS Ninety-five patients were included in this study, and 60 of these patients achieved early disease control, with an overall disease control rate(DCR) of 63.2%. Patients who got sorafenib at the first TACE(no previous TACE) and patients without portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) had a higher DCR than those who underwent previous TACE before TACE-S(72.4% vs 48.6%, P = 0.019) and those with PVTT(75.5% vs 50.0%, P = 0.010). Early disease control after TACE-S, no previous TACE, and no PVTT were the independent prognostic factors for survival in the uni-and multivariate analyses.CONCLUSION The first follow-up 4-6 wk after TACE-S can be used as the earliest time point to assess the response to TACE-S, and patients with m RECIST-evaluated early disease control, no previous TACE, and no PVTT had better survival.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2018YFA0702001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225901,21975237,and 22175162)+3 种基金the Anhui Provincial Research and Development Program(No.202004a05020073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2340000101)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(No.YD2340002007)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(No.RERU2022007).
文摘Electrocatalysis can enable efficient energy storage and conversion and thus is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality.The unique structure and function of organisms can offer many ideas for the design of electrocatalysts,which has become one of the most promising research directions.Recently,the understanding of the mechanism of bio-inspired electrocatalysis has become clearer,which has promoted the design of bio-inspired catalysts and catalytic systems.Various bio-inspired catalysts(enzyme-like catalysts,layered porous catalysts,superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces,and so on)have been developed to enable efficient electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we discuss the key advances in the field of bio-inspired electrocatalysts progressed in recent years.First,the role of bio-inspiration in increasing the intrinsic activity and number of active sites of catalysts is introduced.Then,the structure and mechanism of layered porous catalytic systems that mimic biological transport systems are comprehensively discussed.Subsequently,the design of three-phase interfaces from micro-nanoscale to atomic scale is highlighted,including the wettability of the electrode surface and the transport system near the electrode.We conclude the review by identifying challenges in bio-inspired electrocatalysts and providing insights into future prospects for the exciting research field.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project Foundation of China(No.2012ZX09102301-003)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Radix Adenophorae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to have a variety of biological functions. In the present study, a polysaccharide component, Radix Adenophorae Polysaccharide （RAPS）, was purified from Radix Adenophorae by decoloring with ADS-7 macroporous adsorption resin, DEAE-52 cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-300HR gel chromatography, with the purity of 98.3% and a molecular weight of 1.8 × 104 Da. The cell viability assay and microscopic examination revealed that RAPS promoted the proliferation and activation of macrophages. At 400 μg·mL-1, RAPS stimulated RAW264.7 cell proliferation by 1.91-fold compared with the control. Meanwhile, RAPS significantly increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines （TNF-a and IL-6） in a dose-dependent manner in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cell culture as determined by ELISA. At 400 μg·mL-1, the production of TNF-a was 20.8-fold higher than that of the control. Simultaneously, the production of nitric oxide （NO） and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were increased in RAW264.7 cells incubated with RAPS, as measured by Griess assay and Western blot analysis. The NO production of cells treated with RAPS （400 μg·mL-1） reached 15.8 μmol·L-L, which was 30.4-fold higher than that of the control （0.53 μmol·L-1）. These data suggested that RAPS may enhance the immune function and protect against exogenous pathogens by activating macrophages.
文摘Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.
