Lithium batteries (LBs) have become increasingly important energy storage systems in our daily life. However, their practical applications are still severely plagued by the safety issues from liquid electrolyte, espec...Lithium batteries (LBs) have become increasingly important energy storage systems in our daily life. However, their practical applications are still severely plagued by the safety issues from liquid electrolyte, especially when the batteries are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are being considered as an effective solution to replace currently available organic liquid electrolyte for building safer LBs. This review provides recent advancements in GPEs applied for high-performance LBs. On the one hand, from the environmental and economic point of view, the skeletons of GPEs changed from traditional polymer to renewable and degradable polymer. On the other hand, in addition to being as a component with good electrochemical and physical characterizations, the GPEs also need to provide some functions for addressing the concerns of lithium (Li) dendrites, unstable cathode electrolyte interface, dissolution and migration of transition metal ions,"shuttle effect" of polysulfides, and so on. Finally, to synchronously meet the challenges from the advanced cathode and Li metal anode, the bio-based GPEs with multi-functionality are proposed to develop high-energy/powerdensity batteries in the future.展开更多
In this work,an all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with record output power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is presented.Up to 6.12 kW fiber laser with the conversion efficiency of approximat...In this work,an all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with record output power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is presented.Up to 6.12 kW fiber laser with the conversion efficiency of approximately 78.8%is achieved through the fiber amplifier based on a conventional step-index active fiber.At the maximum output power,the 3 dB spectral linewidth is approximately 0.86 nm and the beam quality factor is M_(x)^(2)=1.43,M_(y)^(2)=1.36.We have also measured and compared the output properties of the fiber amplifier employing different pumping schemes.Notably,the practical power limit of the fiber amplifier could be estimated through the maximum output powers of the fiber amplifier employing unidirectional pumping schemes.Overall,this work could provide a good reference for the optimal design and potential exploration of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser systems.展开更多
The immune system initiates robust immune responses to defend against invading pathogens or tumor cells and protect the body from damage,thus acting as a fortress of the body.However,excessive responses cause detrimen...The immune system initiates robust immune responses to defend against invading pathogens or tumor cells and protect the body from damage,thus acting as a fortress of the body.However,excessive responses cause detrimental effects,such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases.To balance the immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis,there are immune checkpoints to terminate overwhelmed immune responses.Pathogens and tumor cells can also exploit immune checkpoint pathways to suppress immune responses,thus escaping immune surveillance.As a consequence,therapeutic antibodies that target immune checkpoints have made great breakthroughs,in particular for cancer treatment.While the overall efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)is unsatisfactory since only a small group of patients benefted from ICB treatment.Hence,there is a strong need to search for other targets that improve the efficacy of ICB.Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process which participates in numerous biological activities,including innate and adaptive immunity.A growing body of evidence emphasizes the importance of ubiquitination and its reverse process,deubiquitination,on the regulation of immune responses,providing the rational of simultaneous targeting of immune checkpoints and ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways to enhance the therapeutic efficacy.Our review will summarize the latest findings of ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways for anti-tumor immunity,and discuss therapeutic significance of targeting ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways in the future of immunotherapy.展开更多
Chalcogenide glass (ChG) is an attractive material for highly efficient nonlinear photonics,which can cover an ultrabroadband wavelength window from the near-visible to the footprint infrared region. However,it remain...Chalcogenide glass (ChG) is an attractive material for highly efficient nonlinear photonics,which can cover an ultrabroadband wavelength window from the near-visible to the footprint infrared region. However,it remains a challenge to implement highly-efficient and low-threshold optical parametric processes in chip-scale ChG devices due to thermal and light-induced instabilities as well as a high-loss factor in ChG films. Here,we develop a systematic fabrication process for high-performance photonic-chip-integrated ChG devices,by which planarintegrated ChG microresonators with an intrinsic quality (Q) factor above 1 million are demonstrated. In particular,an in situ light-induced annealing method is introduced to overcome the longstanding instability underlying ChG film. In high-Q ChG microresonators,optical parametric oscillations with threshold power as low as 5.4 mW are demonstrated for the first time,to our best knowledge. Our results would contribute to efforts of making efficient and low-threshold optical microcombs not only in the near-infrared as presented but more promisingly in the midinfrared range.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51873011 and U1664251)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (No. JC1504)
文摘Lithium batteries (LBs) have become increasingly important energy storage systems in our daily life. However, their practical applications are still severely plagued by the safety issues from liquid electrolyte, especially when the batteries are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are being considered as an effective solution to replace currently available organic liquid electrolyte for building safer LBs. This review provides recent advancements in GPEs applied for high-performance LBs. On the one hand, from the environmental and economic point of view, the skeletons of GPEs changed from traditional polymer to renewable and degradable polymer. On the other hand, in addition to being as a component with good electrochemical and physical characterizations, the GPEs also need to provide some functions for addressing the concerns of lithium (Li) dendrites, unstable cathode electrolyte interface, dissolution and migration of transition metal ions,"shuttle effect" of polysulfides, and so on. Finally, to synchronously meet the challenges from the advanced cathode and Li metal anode, the bio-based GPEs with multi-functionality are proposed to develop high-energy/powerdensity batteries in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62005313,62035015)Innovative Research Team in Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ10005).
文摘In this work,an all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with record output power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is presented.Up to 6.12 kW fiber laser with the conversion efficiency of approximately 78.8%is achieved through the fiber amplifier based on a conventional step-index active fiber.At the maximum output power,the 3 dB spectral linewidth is approximately 0.86 nm and the beam quality factor is M_(x)^(2)=1.43,M_(y)^(2)=1.36.We have also measured and compared the output properties of the fiber amplifier employing different pumping schemes.Notably,the practical power limit of the fiber amplifier could be estimated through the maximum output powers of the fiber amplifier employing unidirectional pumping schemes.Overall,this work could provide a good reference for the optimal design and potential exploration of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser systems.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81802301 to M.Y.,#81770082 to Y.S.,and#81901046 to Y.C.)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province(#BK20180290 to M.Y.and#BK20170115 to Y.C.).
文摘The immune system initiates robust immune responses to defend against invading pathogens or tumor cells and protect the body from damage,thus acting as a fortress of the body.However,excessive responses cause detrimental effects,such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases.To balance the immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis,there are immune checkpoints to terminate overwhelmed immune responses.Pathogens and tumor cells can also exploit immune checkpoint pathways to suppress immune responses,thus escaping immune surveillance.As a consequence,therapeutic antibodies that target immune checkpoints have made great breakthroughs,in particular for cancer treatment.While the overall efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)is unsatisfactory since only a small group of patients benefted from ICB treatment.Hence,there is a strong need to search for other targets that improve the efficacy of ICB.Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process which participates in numerous biological activities,including innate and adaptive immunity.A growing body of evidence emphasizes the importance of ubiquitination and its reverse process,deubiquitination,on the regulation of immune responses,providing the rational of simultaneous targeting of immune checkpoints and ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways to enhance the therapeutic efficacy.Our review will summarize the latest findings of ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways for anti-tumor immunity,and discuss therapeutic significance of targeting ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways in the future of immunotherapy.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0706301)Key Project in Broadband Communication and New Network of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)(2018YFB1801003)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61975242,U2001601)Key Project for Science and Technology of Guangzhou City (201904020048)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2019A1515010774)Science Foundation of Guangzhou City (202002030103)。
文摘Chalcogenide glass (ChG) is an attractive material for highly efficient nonlinear photonics,which can cover an ultrabroadband wavelength window from the near-visible to the footprint infrared region. However,it remains a challenge to implement highly-efficient and low-threshold optical parametric processes in chip-scale ChG devices due to thermal and light-induced instabilities as well as a high-loss factor in ChG films. Here,we develop a systematic fabrication process for high-performance photonic-chip-integrated ChG devices,by which planarintegrated ChG microresonators with an intrinsic quality (Q) factor above 1 million are demonstrated. In particular,an in situ light-induced annealing method is introduced to overcome the longstanding instability underlying ChG film. In high-Q ChG microresonators,optical parametric oscillations with threshold power as low as 5.4 mW are demonstrated for the first time,to our best knowledge. Our results would contribute to efforts of making efficient and low-threshold optical microcombs not only in the near-infrared as presented but more promisingly in the midinfrared range.
