More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESC...More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC),have great geographical variations in incidence rates.About half of the world’s EC was diagnosed in China and a majority of which belong to ESCC.Globally,the overall incidence rate of EC is decreasing.In some high-risk Asian regions,such as China,the incidence rate of ESCC has generally declined,potentially due to economic growth and improvement of diet habits.In some European high-income countries and the United States,the decline is mainly attributed to the decrease in smoking and drinking.The risk factors of EC are not well understood,and the importance of environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis is also unclear.The incidence and mortality of advanced EC can be reduced through early diagnosis and screening.White light endoscopy is still the gold standard in the current screening technology.This article reviews the epidemiology,risk factors,and screening strategies of EC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective management strategies to reduce the risk of EC.展开更多
The sequence of the rice genome holds fundamental information for its biology, including physiology, genetics, development, and evolution, as well as information on many beneficial phenotypes of economic significance....The sequence of the rice genome holds fundamental information for its biology, including physiology, genetics, development, and evolution, as well as information on many beneficial phenotypes of economic significance. Using a "whole genome shotgun" approach, we have pro-duced a draft rice genome sequence of Oryza sativa ssp. in-dica, the major crop rice subspecies in China and many other regions of Asia. The draft genome sequence is constructed from over 4.3 million successful sequencing traces with an accumulative total length of 2214.9 Mb. The initial assembly of the non-redundant sequences reached 409.76 Mb in length, based on 3.30 million successful sequencing traces with a total length of 1797.4 Mb from an indica variant cultivar 93-11, giving an estimated coverage of 95.29% of the rice genome with an average base accuracy of higher than 99%. The coverage of the draft sequence, the randomness of the sequence distribution, and the consistency of BIG-ASSEM-BLER, a custom-designed software package展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Lichong Decoction(Lichong Decoction for strengthening anti-pathogenic Qi and eliminating blood stasis) on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and proliferating cell n...OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Lichong Decoction(Lichong Decoction for strengthening anti-pathogenic Qi and eliminating blood stasis) on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) mRNA in a rat model of uterine leiomyoma.METHODS:Fifty female Wistar rats were randomized into a normal control group,model group,Lichong Decoction group,Guizhifuling Capsule(Capsule containing Cassia Twig and Poria) group,and Mifepristone group.The uterine leiomyoma model was established by peritoneal injections of exogenous estrogen and progesterone hormone.The ultrastructural changes in cells of rat uterine tissues were observed with transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.RESULTS:Following treatment,cells in the Lichong Decoction group appeared to be arranged normally,the cellular morphology were almost in a normal state,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the chondriosome was reduced,collagen fibers were arranged in a regular manner,without obvious hyperplasia,and the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA was significantly decreased compared with the model group(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:The effect of Lichong Decoction on uterine leiomyoma is related to its function in reducing the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA.展开更多
目的实施有利于机械通气患者脱机的方法,缩短机械通气时间,促进患者早日康复。方法选择华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院呼吸内科重症监护病房(RICU)的机械通气患者为研究对象,将2018年1—11月入院的患者设为对照组,使用基于医生经...目的实施有利于机械通气患者脱机的方法,缩短机械通气时间,促进患者早日康复。方法选择华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院呼吸内科重症监护病房(RICU)的机械通气患者为研究对象,将2018年1—11月入院的患者设为对照组,使用基于医生经验判断的脱机方法脱机。2019年同期在院的患者设为观察组,实施程序化脱机方案,比较两组患者的脱机成功率、撤机时间、总机械通气时间、RICU住院时间、总住院时间和脱机后24h内再行机械通气的发生率。结果程序化脱机方案提高了成功脱机率(29.8%vs 53.22%),缩短了撤机时间(9.14h vs 3.64h),降低了总机械通气时间(9.43 d vs 5.88 d)和RICU住院日(39.50 d vs 16.06 d)。两组患者在死亡率(25.5%vs 20.97%)、脱机后24 h内再行机械通气发生率(21.43%vs 3.03%)以及总住院日(43.50 vs27.06)方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论程序化脱机方案可以改善患者照护结局,在没有或者缺乏专职的呼吸治疗师的情况下,可以考虑将程序化脱机方案交由接受了培训的护士来实施。展开更多
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a complex disorder and has been closely linked to obesity.The fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene is a newly discovered gene related to obesity,which ...Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a complex disorder and has been closely linked to obesity.The fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene is a newly discovered gene related to obesity,which enhances oxidative stress and tipogenesis in NAFLD.The forkhead transcription factor O1 （FoxO1） is another important gene involved in NAFLD,which causes lipid disorders when insulin resistance appears in the liver.However,the interactions between FTO and FoxO1 during the pathogenesis of NAFLD have not been fully elucidated.This study was designed to identify the relationship between these two factors that are involved in the development of NAFLD.Methods This study includes two parts referred to as animal and cell experiments.Twelve female SPF C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to serve as an NAFLD animal model.Aspartate aminotransferase （AST）,alanine aminotransferase （ALT）,total triglyceride （TG）,total cholesterol （TC）,alkaline phosphatase （ALP）,high-density lipoprotein （HDL）,and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） were measured.Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression and histological localization of FTO,FoxO1,and adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）.The L02 cells were exposed to high fat for 24,48,or 72 hours.Oil red O staining was used to detect intracellular lipid droplets.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for analyzing the levels of FTO and FoxO1 mRNA.Results At the end of 10 weeks,ALP,ALT,AST,and LDL were significantly increased （P ＜0.01）,while TC and TG were also significantly higher （P ＜0.05）.In addition,HDL was significantly decreased （P ＜0.05）.The FTO and FoxO1 proteins were weakly expressed in the control group,but both FTO and FoxO1 were expressed significantly higher （P ＜0.01） in the experimental group,and the expression of the two factors was significantly correlated.AMPK in the high-fat group showed a low level of correlation with FTO,but not with FoxO1展开更多
The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperat...The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperature on the CO_2 permeability of fractured coal with different fracture extents have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, the CO_2 permeability of fractured coals sampled from a Pingdingshan coal mine in China and artificially fractured to a certain extent is investigated through undrained triaxial tests. The CO_2 permeability is measured under the confining pressure with a range of 10–25 MPa, injection pressure with a range of 6–12 MPa and elevated temperature with a range of 25–70°C. A mechanistic model is then proposed to characterize the CO_2 permeability of the fractured coals. The effects of thermal expansion, temperature-induced reduction of adsorption capacity, and thermal micro-cracking on the CO_2 permeability are explored. The test results show that the CO_2 permeability of naturally fractured coal saliently increases with increasing injection pressure. The increase of confining pressure reduces the permeability of both naturally fractured coal and secondarily fractured coal. It is also observed that initial fracturing by external loads can enhance the permeability, but further fracturing reduces the permeability. The CO_2 permeability decreases with the elevation of temperature if the temperature is lower than 44°C, but the permeability increases with temperature once the temperature is beyond 44°C. The mechanistic model well describes these compaction mechanisms induced by confining pressure, injection pressure and the complex effects induced by elevated temperature.展开更多
为找出中美煤矿事故调查报告的异同,给我国事故调查报告的编写提供具体建议,以中美两国正式发布的事故调查报告为研究基础,系统调研事故调查相关文献,对事故调查报告编写依据进行分析,并以中国金山沟煤矿"10·30"特别重...为找出中美煤矿事故调查报告的异同,给我国事故调查报告的编写提供具体建议,以中美两国正式发布的事故调查报告为研究基础,系统调研事故调查相关文献,对事故调查报告编写依据进行分析,并以中国金山沟煤矿"10·30"特别重大瓦斯爆炸事故和美国Upper Big Branch煤矿事故调查报告为例,从报告的结构内容和原因2方面进行具体分析。结果表明,中国应该出台统一的煤矿事故调查报告编写标准,实现事故调查报告标准化;美国事故调查报告不包含责任追究部分,原因分析部分所占篇幅多;美国事故调查进行原因分析时与中国所站角度不同,美国仅对事故单位进行分析,中国除此外还分析相关单位问题。展开更多
Background Overactive bladder （OAB） is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people.This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score （OABSS） to evaluate the efficacy of solifenaci...Background Overactive bladder （OAB） is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people.This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score （OABSS） to evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin succinate for the treatment of OAB.Methods This was a prospective,multicenter,single-arm,12-week study that enrolled 241 OAB patients.The patients received 5-10 mg/day solifenacin.Changes in OABSS,symptoms from voiding diary,perception of bladder condition （PPBC） score,international prostate symptom score （IPSS） and quality of life （QOL） were evaluated at weeks 0,4,and 12.The relationship between OABSS and PPBC score or parameters of voiding diary was also evaluated.Results At baseline,the mean OABSS for all patients was 9.41±2.40,and was reduced significantly at week 12 （-3.76 points; 61.21％,P ＜0.0001）.The OABSS subscore,PPBC score,IPSS,and QOL were also significantly reduced during the study （P ＜0.0001）.The overall incidence of adverse events was 19.91％ （44 cases）.The gastrointestinal system was the most commonly affected （11.31％）.Around 5.88％ of the cases had adverse events related to the genitourinary system.There was a strong correlation between OABSS and urinary symptoms that was recorded in the 3-day voiding dairy.Conclusions We showed that solifenacin was clinically effective for relieving OAB symptoms,considering the balance between efficacy,patients＇ well-being,and tolerability.OABSS integrates four OAB symptoms into a single score and can be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.展开更多
基金supported by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2020-PT330-001)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820070)from Beijing Municipal Science/Technology Commission+1 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019PT320027)Cooperation Project in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei of China(No.J200017)。
文摘More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC),have great geographical variations in incidence rates.About half of the world’s EC was diagnosed in China and a majority of which belong to ESCC.Globally,the overall incidence rate of EC is decreasing.In some high-risk Asian regions,such as China,the incidence rate of ESCC has generally declined,potentially due to economic growth and improvement of diet habits.In some European high-income countries and the United States,the decline is mainly attributed to the decrease in smoking and drinking.The risk factors of EC are not well understood,and the importance of environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis is also unclear.The incidence and mortality of advanced EC can be reduced through early diagnosis and screening.White light endoscopy is still the gold standard in the current screening technology.This article reviews the epidemiology,risk factors,and screening strategies of EC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective management strategies to reduce the risk of EC.
基金This work was sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Commission for Economy Planning, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Municipal Government, Zhejiang Provincial Government, and H
文摘The sequence of the rice genome holds fundamental information for its biology, including physiology, genetics, development, and evolution, as well as information on many beneficial phenotypes of economic significance. Using a "whole genome shotgun" approach, we have pro-duced a draft rice genome sequence of Oryza sativa ssp. in-dica, the major crop rice subspecies in China and many other regions of Asia. The draft genome sequence is constructed from over 4.3 million successful sequencing traces with an accumulative total length of 2214.9 Mb. The initial assembly of the non-redundant sequences reached 409.76 Mb in length, based on 3.30 million successful sequencing traces with a total length of 1797.4 Mb from an indica variant cultivar 93-11, giving an estimated coverage of 95.29% of the rice genome with an average base accuracy of higher than 99%. The coverage of the draft sequence, the randomness of the sequence distribution, and the consistency of BIG-ASSEM-BLER, a custom-designed software package
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:81602688,81773245,and 81972858)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2016jcyjA0531)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Special Project of Chongqing Social Undertak ings and Livelihood Security(cstc2017shmsA130108)the Chongqing Innovation Leading Talents Program(cstccxljrc201910)the Cultivation Program for Clinical Research Talents of Army Medical University(2018XLC1010)。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81073096)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(No.7082015)the "Cultivation Plan for Youth Backbone Talents" Project(PHR 201008403) of Higher SchoolTalent Strong Education Plan
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Lichong Decoction(Lichong Decoction for strengthening anti-pathogenic Qi and eliminating blood stasis) on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) mRNA in a rat model of uterine leiomyoma.METHODS:Fifty female Wistar rats were randomized into a normal control group,model group,Lichong Decoction group,Guizhifuling Capsule(Capsule containing Cassia Twig and Poria) group,and Mifepristone group.The uterine leiomyoma model was established by peritoneal injections of exogenous estrogen and progesterone hormone.The ultrastructural changes in cells of rat uterine tissues were observed with transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.RESULTS:Following treatment,cells in the Lichong Decoction group appeared to be arranged normally,the cellular morphology were almost in a normal state,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the chondriosome was reduced,collagen fibers were arranged in a regular manner,without obvious hyperplasia,and the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA was significantly decreased compared with the model group(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:The effect of Lichong Decoction on uterine leiomyoma is related to its function in reducing the expression of IGF-I and PCNA mRNA.
文摘目的实施有利于机械通气患者脱机的方法,缩短机械通气时间,促进患者早日康复。方法选择华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院呼吸内科重症监护病房(RICU)的机械通气患者为研究对象,将2018年1—11月入院的患者设为对照组,使用基于医生经验判断的脱机方法脱机。2019年同期在院的患者设为观察组,实施程序化脱机方案,比较两组患者的脱机成功率、撤机时间、总机械通气时间、RICU住院时间、总住院时间和脱机后24h内再行机械通气的发生率。结果程序化脱机方案提高了成功脱机率(29.8%vs 53.22%),缩短了撤机时间(9.14h vs 3.64h),降低了总机械通气时间(9.43 d vs 5.88 d)和RICU住院日(39.50 d vs 16.06 d)。两组患者在死亡率(25.5%vs 20.97%)、脱机后24 h内再行机械通气发生率(21.43%vs 3.03%)以及总住院日(43.50 vs27.06)方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论程序化脱机方案可以改善患者照护结局,在没有或者缺乏专职的呼吸治疗师的情况下,可以考虑将程序化脱机方案交由接受了培训的护士来实施。
文摘Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a complex disorder and has been closely linked to obesity.The fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene is a newly discovered gene related to obesity,which enhances oxidative stress and tipogenesis in NAFLD.The forkhead transcription factor O1 （FoxO1） is another important gene involved in NAFLD,which causes lipid disorders when insulin resistance appears in the liver.However,the interactions between FTO and FoxO1 during the pathogenesis of NAFLD have not been fully elucidated.This study was designed to identify the relationship between these two factors that are involved in the development of NAFLD.Methods This study includes two parts referred to as animal and cell experiments.Twelve female SPF C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to serve as an NAFLD animal model.Aspartate aminotransferase （AST）,alanine aminotransferase （ALT）,total triglyceride （TG）,total cholesterol （TC）,alkaline phosphatase （ALP）,high-density lipoprotein （HDL）,and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） were measured.Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression and histological localization of FTO,FoxO1,and adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）.The L02 cells were exposed to high fat for 24,48,or 72 hours.Oil red O staining was used to detect intracellular lipid droplets.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for analyzing the levels of FTO and FoxO1 mRNA.Results At the end of 10 weeks,ALP,ALT,AST,and LDL were significantly increased （P ＜0.01）,while TC and TG were also significantly higher （P ＜0.05）.In addition,HDL was significantly decreased （P ＜0.05）.The FTO and FoxO1 proteins were weakly expressed in the control group,but both FTO and FoxO1 were expressed significantly higher （P ＜0.01） in the experimental group,and the expression of the two factors was significantly correlated.AMPK in the high-fat group showed a low level of correlation with FTO,but not with FoxO1
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51374213&51674251)the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600705)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51125017)Fund for Creative Research and Development Group Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2014-27)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51421003)the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600705)
文摘The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperature on the CO_2 permeability of fractured coal with different fracture extents have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, the CO_2 permeability of fractured coals sampled from a Pingdingshan coal mine in China and artificially fractured to a certain extent is investigated through undrained triaxial tests. The CO_2 permeability is measured under the confining pressure with a range of 10–25 MPa, injection pressure with a range of 6–12 MPa and elevated temperature with a range of 25–70°C. A mechanistic model is then proposed to characterize the CO_2 permeability of the fractured coals. The effects of thermal expansion, temperature-induced reduction of adsorption capacity, and thermal micro-cracking on the CO_2 permeability are explored. The test results show that the CO_2 permeability of naturally fractured coal saliently increases with increasing injection pressure. The increase of confining pressure reduces the permeability of both naturally fractured coal and secondarily fractured coal. It is also observed that initial fracturing by external loads can enhance the permeability, but further fracturing reduces the permeability. The CO_2 permeability decreases with the elevation of temperature if the temperature is lower than 44°C, but the permeability increases with temperature once the temperature is beyond 44°C. The mechanistic model well describes these compaction mechanisms induced by confining pressure, injection pressure and the complex effects induced by elevated temperature.
文摘为找出中美煤矿事故调查报告的异同,给我国事故调查报告的编写提供具体建议,以中美两国正式发布的事故调查报告为研究基础,系统调研事故调查相关文献,对事故调查报告编写依据进行分析,并以中国金山沟煤矿"10·30"特别重大瓦斯爆炸事故和美国Upper Big Branch煤矿事故调查报告为例,从报告的结构内容和原因2方面进行具体分析。结果表明,中国应该出台统一的煤矿事故调查报告编写标准,实现事故调查报告标准化;美国事故调查报告不包含责任追究部分,原因分析部分所占篇幅多;美国事故调查进行原因分析时与中国所站角度不同,美国仅对事故单位进行分析,中国除此外还分析相关单位问题。
文摘Background Overactive bladder （OAB） is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people.This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score （OABSS） to evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin succinate for the treatment of OAB.Methods This was a prospective,multicenter,single-arm,12-week study that enrolled 241 OAB patients.The patients received 5-10 mg/day solifenacin.Changes in OABSS,symptoms from voiding diary,perception of bladder condition （PPBC） score,international prostate symptom score （IPSS） and quality of life （QOL） were evaluated at weeks 0,4,and 12.The relationship between OABSS and PPBC score or parameters of voiding diary was also evaluated.Results At baseline,the mean OABSS for all patients was 9.41±2.40,and was reduced significantly at week 12 （-3.76 points; 61.21％,P ＜0.0001）.The OABSS subscore,PPBC score,IPSS,and QOL were also significantly reduced during the study （P ＜0.0001）.The overall incidence of adverse events was 19.91％ （44 cases）.The gastrointestinal system was the most commonly affected （11.31％）.Around 5.88％ of the cases had adverse events related to the genitourinary system.There was a strong correlation between OABSS and urinary symptoms that was recorded in the 3-day voiding dairy.Conclusions We showed that solifenacin was clinically effective for relieving OAB symptoms,considering the balance between efficacy,patients＇ well-being,and tolerability.OABSS integrates four OAB symptoms into a single score and can be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.
