Fibroblast activation protein(Fap)is a serine protease that degrades denatured type I collagen,α2-antiplasmin and FGF21.Fap is highly expressed in bone marrow stromal cells and functions as an osteogenic suppressor a...Fibroblast activation protein(Fap)is a serine protease that degrades denatured type I collagen,α2-antiplasmin and FGF21.Fap is highly expressed in bone marrow stromal cells and functions as an osteogenic suppressor and can be inhibited by the bone growth factor Osteolectin(Oln).Fap is also expressed in synovial fibroblasts and positively correlated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However,whether Fap plays a critical role in osteoarthritis(OA)remains poorly understood.Here,we found that Fap is significantly elevated in osteoarthritic synovium,while the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Fap significantly ameliorated posttraumatic OA in mice.Mechanistically,we found that Fap degrades denatured type II collagen(Col II)and Mmp13-cleaved native Col II.Intra-articular injection of r Fap significantly accelerated Col II degradation and OA progression.In contrast,Oln is expressed in the superficial layer of articular cartilage and is significantly downregulated in OA.Genetic deletion of Oln significantly exacerbated OA progression,which was partially rescued by Fap deletion or inhibition.Intra-articular injection of r Oln significantly ameliorated OA progression.Taken together,these findings identify Fap as a critical pathogenic factor in OA that could be targeted by both synthetic and endogenous inhibitors to ameliorate articular cartilage degradation.展开更多
酿酒酵母对酒的风味物质代谢具有重要作用。为获得适合枸杞酒发酵的酿酒酵母,该研究从枸杞汁自然发酵液和枸杞果表面筛选获得发酵性能优良的酿酒酵母11株。以市售酵母RV171、DV10、安琪SY和安琪RW作为对照,基于不同菌株发酵枸杞酒的理...酿酒酵母对酒的风味物质代谢具有重要作用。为获得适合枸杞酒发酵的酿酒酵母,该研究从枸杞汁自然发酵液和枸杞果表面筛选获得发酵性能优良的酿酒酵母11株。以市售酵母RV171、DV10、安琪SY和安琪RW作为对照,基于不同菌株发酵枸杞酒的理化性质和感官评价的差异,获得了酿酒酵母出发菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-23。通过常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)对酿酒酵母M-23进行诱变,结合高通量筛选(high-throughput screening,HTS)技术,最终选育出酿酒酵母菌株M-23-7-14。采用气相色谱-质谱法对自酿枸杞酒和2种市售枸杞酒(健康快车、金色传杞)中的主要挥发性化合物进行定性和定量研究,并结合气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)分析,评价不同枸杞酒的香气特征。结果表明,选育的酿酒酵母与市售酿酒酵母在发酵枸杞酒的基本理化指标上无显著差异,其中,选育获得的M-23-7-14与出发菌株M-23相比,枸杞酒的主要风味物质相对总量提高了37.0%,并在感官评价中有最高得分;3种枸杞酒中OAV>1的物质分别为9、7和7种,其中,自酿枸杞酒中挥发性化合物的种类和含量均高于2种市售枸杞酒;乙酸异戊酯、丙醇和异戊醇是对3种枸杞酒贡献最大的特征香气成分。该文通过采用ARTP和HTS相结合的方法选育出酿酒酵母M-23-7-14。为解决枸杞酒香气不足、缺乏典型性的问题提供了理论依据,对枸杞酒产业的发展具有一定的意义。展开更多
CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The...CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin （Fuco） and chlorophyll a （Chl a） were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribu- tion to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Dia- toms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.展开更多
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study...Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study, we reveal how the maize shaggy/glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinases ZmSK3 and ZmSK4, orthologs of brassinosteroid insensitive 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulate the maize SOS pathway. ZmSK3 and ZmSK4 interact with and phosphorylate ZmSOS2, a core member of the maize SOS pathway. The mutants defective in ZmSK3 or ZmSK4 are hyposensitive to salt stress, with higher salt-induced activity of ZmSOS2 than that in the wild type. Furthermore, the Ca^(2+) sensors ZmSOS3 and ZmSOS3-like calcium binding protein 8 (ZmSCaBP8) activate ZmSOS2 to maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis under salt stress and may participate in the regulation of ZmSOS2 by ZmSK3 and ZmSK4. These findings discover the regulation of the maize SOS pathway and provide important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.展开更多
The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the mid-to-late-Holocene.Cloud formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation,especially during the tropi...The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the mid-to-late-Holocene.Cloud formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation,especially during the tropical marine processes and summer monsoon which convey abundant water vapor to coastal southern China and inland areas.Here,we use two 7500 year sedimentary records from the Pearl River Delta and the closed Maar Lake,respectively,in coastal southern China to reconstruct the mid-to-late-Holocene humidity variability and explore its possible relationship with cloud cover modulated by the Earth’s magnetic fields(EMF).Our proxy records document an apparent increase in wetness in coastal southern China between 3.0 and 1.8 kyr BP.This apparent increase in humidity appears to be consistent with the lower virtual axial dipole moments and,in turn,with a lower EMF.This correlation suggests that the EMF might have been superimposed on the weakened monsoon to regulate the mid-to-late-Holocene hydroclimate in coastal southern China through the medium of galactic cosmic rays,aerosols,and cloud cover.However,further investigations are needed to verify this interaction.展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1103200,2017YFA0106400,2021YFA1100900)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFC2002804)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(91749124,81772389,82070108)Major Program of Development Fund for Shanghai Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone(ZJ2018-ZD-004)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120190149 and kx0200020173386)Peak Disciplines(Type IV)of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shanghai。
文摘Fibroblast activation protein(Fap)is a serine protease that degrades denatured type I collagen,α2-antiplasmin and FGF21.Fap is highly expressed in bone marrow stromal cells and functions as an osteogenic suppressor and can be inhibited by the bone growth factor Osteolectin(Oln).Fap is also expressed in synovial fibroblasts and positively correlated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However,whether Fap plays a critical role in osteoarthritis(OA)remains poorly understood.Here,we found that Fap is significantly elevated in osteoarthritic synovium,while the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Fap significantly ameliorated posttraumatic OA in mice.Mechanistically,we found that Fap degrades denatured type II collagen(Col II)and Mmp13-cleaved native Col II.Intra-articular injection of r Fap significantly accelerated Col II degradation and OA progression.In contrast,Oln is expressed in the superficial layer of articular cartilage and is significantly downregulated in OA.Genetic deletion of Oln significantly exacerbated OA progression,which was partially rescued by Fap deletion or inhibition.Intra-articular injection of r Oln significantly ameliorated OA progression.Taken together,these findings identify Fap as a critical pathogenic factor in OA that could be targeted by both synthetic and endogenous inhibitors to ameliorate articular cartilage degradation.
文摘酿酒酵母对酒的风味物质代谢具有重要作用。为获得适合枸杞酒发酵的酿酒酵母,该研究从枸杞汁自然发酵液和枸杞果表面筛选获得发酵性能优良的酿酒酵母11株。以市售酵母RV171、DV10、安琪SY和安琪RW作为对照,基于不同菌株发酵枸杞酒的理化性质和感官评价的差异,获得了酿酒酵母出发菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-23。通过常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)对酿酒酵母M-23进行诱变,结合高通量筛选(high-throughput screening,HTS)技术,最终选育出酿酒酵母菌株M-23-7-14。采用气相色谱-质谱法对自酿枸杞酒和2种市售枸杞酒(健康快车、金色传杞)中的主要挥发性化合物进行定性和定量研究,并结合气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)分析,评价不同枸杞酒的香气特征。结果表明,选育的酿酒酵母与市售酿酒酵母在发酵枸杞酒的基本理化指标上无显著差异,其中,选育获得的M-23-7-14与出发菌株M-23相比,枸杞酒的主要风味物质相对总量提高了37.0%,并在感官评价中有最高得分;3种枸杞酒中OAV>1的物质分别为9、7和7种,其中,自酿枸杞酒中挥发性化合物的种类和含量均高于2种市售枸杞酒;乙酸异戊酯、丙醇和异戊醇是对3种枸杞酒贡献最大的特征香气成分。该文通过采用ARTP和HTS相结合的方法选育出酿酒酵母M-23-7-14。为解决枸杞酒香气不足、缺乏典型性的问题提供了理论依据,对枸杞酒产业的发展具有一定的意义。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41276198,41076135 and 41003036the Scientific Research Fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA under contract Nos JG1323 and JG1023the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investiga-tion and Assessment Programs under contract Nos 20130403 and 20130304
文摘CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin （Fuco） and chlorophyll a （Chl a） were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribu- tion to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Dia- toms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001601 and 2022YFA1303400)supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100234 and 31921001).
文摘Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study, we reveal how the maize shaggy/glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinases ZmSK3 and ZmSK4, orthologs of brassinosteroid insensitive 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulate the maize SOS pathway. ZmSK3 and ZmSK4 interact with and phosphorylate ZmSOS2, a core member of the maize SOS pathway. The mutants defective in ZmSK3 or ZmSK4 are hyposensitive to salt stress, with higher salt-induced activity of ZmSOS2 than that in the wild type. Furthermore, the Ca^(2+) sensors ZmSOS3 and ZmSOS3-like calcium binding protein 8 (ZmSCaBP8) activate ZmSOS2 to maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis under salt stress and may participate in the regulation of ZmSOS2 by ZmSK3 and ZmSK4. These findings discover the regulation of the maize SOS pathway and provide important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.
基金supported by the projects of National Second Expedition to the Tibetan Plateau(No.2019QZKK0707)Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative R&D Team of Geological Processes and Natural Disasters around the South China Sea(No.2016ZT06N331)+1 种基金the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41872217,41672162,and 41904068)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018B030311064).
文摘The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the mid-to-late-Holocene.Cloud formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation,especially during the tropical marine processes and summer monsoon which convey abundant water vapor to coastal southern China and inland areas.Here,we use two 7500 year sedimentary records from the Pearl River Delta and the closed Maar Lake,respectively,in coastal southern China to reconstruct the mid-to-late-Holocene humidity variability and explore its possible relationship with cloud cover modulated by the Earth’s magnetic fields(EMF).Our proxy records document an apparent increase in wetness in coastal southern China between 3.0 and 1.8 kyr BP.This apparent increase in humidity appears to be consistent with the lower virtual axial dipole moments and,in turn,with a lower EMF.This correlation suggests that the EMF might have been superimposed on the weakened monsoon to regulate the mid-to-late-Holocene hydroclimate in coastal southern China through the medium of galactic cosmic rays,aerosols,and cloud cover.However,further investigations are needed to verify this interaction.
