The effects of photogenerated-hole scavengers(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid)on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of visible light were studied using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferro...The effects of photogenerated-hole scavengers(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid)on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of visible light were studied using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans).Four sets of bioleaching experiments were performed:(1)visible light+0 g/L scavenger,(2)visible light+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),(3)dark+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),and(4)dark+0 g/L scavenger(control group).The results showed that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid could act as photogenerated-hole scavengers and significantly enhance chalcopyrite bioleaching under visible light.The dissolved copper in the light group without scavenger was only 18.7%higher than that of the control group.The copper extraction rates of the light groups with oxalic acid and ascorbic acid were respectively 30.1%and 32.5%higher than those of the control group.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analyses indicated that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid as photogenerated-hole scavenger could capture photo-generated holes and inhibit jarosite formation on the chalcopyrite surface,thereby enhancing bioleaching of chalcopyrite under visible light.展开更多
Future optical clock networks will require high-precision optical time-frequency transfer between satellites and ground stations.However,due to atmospheric turbulence,satellite motion and time delay between the satell...Future optical clock networks will require high-precision optical time-frequency transfer between satellites and ground stations.However,due to atmospheric turbulence,satellite motion and time delay between the satellite–ground transmission links will cause spatial and temporal variations,respectively,resulting in the breakdown of the time-of-flight reciprocity on which optical two-way time-frequency transfer is based.Here,we experimentally simulate the atmospheric effects by two-way spatio-temporally separated links between two stationary terminals located 113 km apart and measure the effects for optical two-way time-frequency transfer.Our experiment shows that the effect on the link instability is less than 2.3×10^(−19) at 10,000 s.This indicates that when the link instability of satellite-ground optical time-frequency transfer is on the order of 10^(−19),it is not necessary to consider the atmospheric non-reciprocity effects.展开更多
Testicular endothelial cells have been found to play an important role in spermatogenesis and fertility,but their mechanism is obscure.Exosomes released by various cells are recognized as cell–cell communication medi...Testicular endothelial cells have been found to play an important role in spermatogenesis and fertility,but their mechanism is obscure.Exosomes released by various cells are recognized as cell–cell communication mediators during the initiation and progression of many diseases.Therefore,the current study aimed to investigate the protein and miRNA components of human testicular endothelial cell-derived exosomes(HTEC-Exos)and to explore their potential effects on spermatogenesis.In this study,HTEC-Exos were first isolated by the ultracentrifugation method,and then identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and western blotting.The characteristics of HTEC-Exos were examined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and microRNA(miRNA)chip analysis.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the potential role of the exosomal content on spermatogenesis.A total of 945 proteins were identified,11 of which were closely related to spermatogenesis.A total of 2578 miRNAs were identified.Among them,30 miRNAs demonstrated potential associations with male reproductive disorders,such as azoospermia,and spermatogenesis disorders.In particular,11 out of these 30 miRNAs have been proven to be involved in spermatogenesis based on available evidence.This study provides a global view of the proteins and miRNAs from HTEC-Exos,suggesting that HTEC-Exos may function as potential effectors during the process of spermatogenesis.展开更多
Connate topological superconductor(TSC) combines topological surface states with nodeless superconductivity in a single material, achieving effective p-wave pairing without interface complication. By combining angle-r...Connate topological superconductor(TSC) combines topological surface states with nodeless superconductivity in a single material, achieving effective p-wave pairing without interface complication. By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in-situ molecular beam epitaxy, we studied the momentum-resolved superconductivity in b-Bi2 Pd film. We found that the superconducting gap of topological surface state(DTSS$ 3.8 meV) is anomalously enhanced from its bulk value(Db$ 0.8 meV). The ratio of 2 DTSS/kBTc$ 16.3, is substantially larger than the BCS value. By measuring b-Bi2 Pd bulk single crystal as a comparison, we clearly observed the upward-shift of chemical potential in the film. In addition, a concomitant increasing of surface weight on the topological surface state was revealed by our first principle calculation, suggesting that the Dirac-fermion-mediated parity mixing may cause this anomalous superconducting enhancement. Our results establish b-Bi2 Pd film as a unique case of connate TSCs with a highly enhanced topological superconducting gap, which may stabilize Majorana zero modes at a higher temperature.展开更多
This study investigated the promotion effect of A.ferrooxidans on complex heavy metals coprecipitation process.A.ferrooxidans significantly enhanced the ferrous oxidation,which also promoted the formation of iron-oxyh...This study investigated the promotion effect of A.ferrooxidans on complex heavy metals coprecipitation process.A.ferrooxidans significantly enhanced the ferrous oxidation,which also promoted the formation of iron-oxyhydroxysulphate.Cu(II)concentration reduced to0.058mmol/L in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system,and Cd also reduced to the lowest concentration(0.085mmol/L).Pb was mainly immobilized as anglesite and iron-oxyhydroxysulphate promoted the removal of remanent Pb in solution.The precipitates are characterized by XRD,SEM,and FTIR analysis.The main component of the iron-oxyhydroxysulphate was well crystallized jarosite.A.ferrooxidans contributed to the formation of schwertmannite in later monovalent cation lack stage.Higher ferrous iron oxidation rate and Fe(III)supply rate in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system facilitated polyhedron crystal formation and the increase of particle diameter.Complex heavy metals could be incorporated into iron oxyhydroxysulphate crystal,and efficiently removed from acidic wastewater through A.ferrooxidans mediated coprecipitation.展开更多
Interface can be a fertile ground for exotic quantum states,including topological superconductivity,Majorana mode,fractal quantum Hall effect,unconventional superconductivity,Mott insulator,etc.Here we grow single-uni...Interface can be a fertile ground for exotic quantum states,including topological superconductivity,Majorana mode,fractal quantum Hall effect,unconventional superconductivity,Mott insulator,etc.Here we grow single-unit-cell(1UC)FeTe film on NbSe_(2)single crystal by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)and investigate the film in-situ with a home-made cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and non-contact atomic force microscopy(AFM)combined system.We find different stripe-like superlattice modulations on grown FeTe film with different misorientation angles with respect to NbSe_(2)substrate.We show that these stripe-like superlattice modulations can be understood as moirépattern forming between FeTe film and NbSe_(2)substrate.Our results indicate that the interface between Fe Te and NbSe2 is atomically sharp.By STM-AFM combined measurement,we suggest that the moirésuperlattice modulations have an electronic origin when the misorientation angle is relatively small(≤3°)and have structural relaxation when the misorientation angle is relatively large(≥10°).展开更多
[背景]巨噬细胞碳含量作为颗粒物内暴露的新型生物标志物可通过诱导痰获得。当前分子流行病学研究中诱导痰保存尚无有效方法,并且诱导痰中巨噬细胞碳含量的定量方法国内尚无报道。将此标志物应用于含碳颗粒物暴露需要进行方法的标准化...[背景]巨噬细胞碳含量作为颗粒物内暴露的新型生物标志物可通过诱导痰获得。当前分子流行病学研究中诱导痰保存尚无有效方法,并且诱导痰中巨噬细胞碳含量的定量方法国内尚无报道。将此标志物应用于含碳颗粒物暴露需要进行方法的标准化研究和验证。[目的]探究并建立新鲜诱导痰液新型保存方法和诱导痰中巨噬细胞碳含量定量方法。[方法]选择无特殊职业有害因素暴露的自来水厂工人作为一般人群(n=169)进行诱导痰中碳含量方法学验证和影响因素研究。受试者吸入超声雾化的4.5%高渗盐水并咳出痰液,向痰液中加入约20~30 mL的Saccomanno固定液倒转摇匀,置于阴凉避光处保存。待返回实验室用痰消化液消化痰液,杜氏磷酸缓冲液清洗,离心获得纯细胞悬液。血涂片法涂片,Diff-quick快速染液固定染色。使用光学显微镜在物镜100倍放大并加香柏油对每份样本随机选取的50个形态完好的巨噬细胞拍照,并通过Image J软件处理照片进行巨噬细胞碳含量定量:在挖去细胞核之后,转换灰度使照片呈黑白色,并根据每个细胞染色情况特异性调整灰度值,以保证能计算出细胞中所有的碳颗粒。[结果]用Saccomanno固定液保存的新鲜诱导痰液,经处理后,镜下观察视野杂质少,细胞形态学完整,核质清晰,细胞核呈蓝紫色,胞浆呈淡粉红色或浅蓝色,细胞核偏于一侧呈圆形或肾形,胞浆内黑色碳颗粒清晰可见,大多呈小团块聚集分布,可进行巨噬细胞碳含量定量。诱导痰成功率在无职业颗粒物暴露的一般人群中为63.3%,性别不会影响痰液诱导成功率。采用巨噬细胞碳面积与巨噬细胞胞浆面积比(the proportion of cytoplasm area occupied by carbon particles,PCOC)的中位数作为个体巨噬细胞碳含量的读数,一般人群巨噬细胞碳含量的M(P25,P75)为0.83%(0.63%,1.34%),男性为0.79%(0.59%~1.27%),女性为0.95%(0.75%~1.34%)。[结�展开更多
目的:观察穴位埋线对小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经元(SGN)γ氨基丁酸受体A(GA B A A)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDA)在不同时间点表达的干预效果,进而探讨针灸防治听力下降的可能机制。方法:80只SPF级健康雄性4周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组:自然衰...目的:观察穴位埋线对小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经元(SGN)γ氨基丁酸受体A(GA B A A)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDA)在不同时间点表达的干预效果,进而探讨针灸防治听力下降的可能机制。方法:80只SPF级健康雄性4周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组:自然衰老组、埋线组,每组40只。自然衰老组不做任何干预,分别在4、12、20、26周龄随机抽取10只,测量听性脑干反应(ABR)阈值,应用RT-PCR检测SGN的GABAA和NMDA mRNA表达情况。埋线组在小鼠肾俞穴与足三里穴埋线,共埋线3次,分别在小鼠4、12、20周龄时进行,同样在不同时间点测量ABR阈值及检测GABAA和NMDA mRNA的表达情况。结果:随着小鼠周龄增长,两组小鼠ABR阈值均显著增高(P<0.05),SGN中GABAA mRNA表达量逐渐降低(P<0.05),NMDA mRNA表达量逐渐升高(P<0.05)。与自然衰老组比较,埋线组小鼠在12、20、26周3个节点ABR阈值更低(P<0.05),12、20周GABAA mRNA表达量更高(P<0.05),20、26周NMDA mRNA表达量更低(P<0.05)。结论:穴位埋线能够有效干预C57BL/6小鼠听功能下降过程;穴位埋线干预效果在小鼠20周龄时最显著。展开更多
基金Project(41773089)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017SK2255)supported by the Key R&D Program of Hunan Province,China+2 种基金Project(2015CNERC-CTHMP-05)supported by the Opening Foundation of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution,ChinaProject(CX20190136)supported by the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates,ChinaProject(CSUZC201808)supported by the Open-End Fund for the Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South University,China.
文摘The effects of photogenerated-hole scavengers(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid)on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of visible light were studied using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans).Four sets of bioleaching experiments were performed:(1)visible light+0 g/L scavenger,(2)visible light+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),(3)dark+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),and(4)dark+0 g/L scavenger(control group).The results showed that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid could act as photogenerated-hole scavengers and significantly enhance chalcopyrite bioleaching under visible light.The dissolved copper in the light group without scavenger was only 18.7%higher than that of the control group.The copper extraction rates of the light groups with oxalic acid and ascorbic acid were respectively 30.1%and 32.5%higher than those of the control group.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analyses indicated that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid as photogenerated-hole scavenger could capture photo-generated holes and inhibit jarosite formation on the chalcopyrite surface,thereby enhancing bioleaching of chalcopyrite under visible light.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0309800,2020YFC2200103)Strategic Priority Research Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA15020400,XDB35030000)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12274398,61825505,T2125010)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY010100)Key RD Plan of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010105,2021ZDPT01)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)Innovation Programme for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0300100)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018492,2021457).
文摘Future optical clock networks will require high-precision optical time-frequency transfer between satellites and ground stations.However,due to atmospheric turbulence,satellite motion and time delay between the satellite–ground transmission links will cause spatial and temporal variations,respectively,resulting in the breakdown of the time-of-flight reciprocity on which optical two-way time-frequency transfer is based.Here,we experimentally simulate the atmospheric effects by two-way spatio-temporally separated links between two stationary terminals located 113 km apart and measure the effects for optical two-way time-frequency transfer.Our experiment shows that the effect on the link instability is less than 2.3×10^(−19) at 10,000 s.This indicates that when the link instability of satellite-ground optical time-frequency transfer is on the order of 10^(−19),it is not necessary to consider the atmospheric non-reciprocity effects.
基金funded by the Horizontal Subject and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81401194).
文摘Testicular endothelial cells have been found to play an important role in spermatogenesis and fertility,but their mechanism is obscure.Exosomes released by various cells are recognized as cell–cell communication mediators during the initiation and progression of many diseases.Therefore,the current study aimed to investigate the protein and miRNA components of human testicular endothelial cell-derived exosomes(HTEC-Exos)and to explore their potential effects on spermatogenesis.In this study,HTEC-Exos were first isolated by the ultracentrifugation method,and then identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and western blotting.The characteristics of HTEC-Exos were examined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and microRNA(miRNA)chip analysis.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the potential role of the exosomal content on spermatogenesis.A total of 945 proteins were identified,11 of which were closely related to spermatogenesis.A total of 2578 miRNAs were identified.Among them,30 miRNAs demonstrated potential associations with male reproductive disorders,such as azoospermia,and spermatogenesis disorders.In particular,11 out of these 30 miRNAs have been proven to be involved in spermatogenesis based on available evidence.This study provides a global view of the proteins and miRNAs from HTEC-Exos,suggesting that HTEC-Exos may function as potential effectors during the process of spermatogenesis.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, China (2016YFA0401000, 2016YFA0300600, 2015CB921000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (11888101, 11574371, 11622435, 11474340 and 11774399)+5 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (XDB28000000, XDB07000000, QYZDB-SSW-SLH043)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China (Z171100002017018, Z181100004218005 and Z171100002017018)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z180008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (2017YFA0302901)supports by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, China (2016YFA0401002)the CAS Pioneer ‘‘Hundred Talents Program” (type C)
文摘Connate topological superconductor(TSC) combines topological surface states with nodeless superconductivity in a single material, achieving effective p-wave pairing without interface complication. By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in-situ molecular beam epitaxy, we studied the momentum-resolved superconductivity in b-Bi2 Pd film. We found that the superconducting gap of topological surface state(DTSS$ 3.8 meV) is anomalously enhanced from its bulk value(Db$ 0.8 meV). The ratio of 2 DTSS/kBTc$ 16.3, is substantially larger than the BCS value. By measuring b-Bi2 Pd bulk single crystal as a comparison, we clearly observed the upward-shift of chemical potential in the film. In addition, a concomitant increasing of surface weight on the topological surface state was revealed by our first principle calculation, suggesting that the Dirac-fermion-mediated parity mixing may cause this anomalous superconducting enhancement. Our results establish b-Bi2 Pd film as a unique case of connate TSCs with a highly enhanced topological superconducting gap, which may stabilize Majorana zero modes at a higher temperature.
基金Project(51174239)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environment Protection Science&Technology Development Foundation,China+2 种基金Project supported by the Hunan Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,ChinaProject(2017M610506)supported by Postdoctoral Foundation for MG from Chinese PD Science Foundation,ChinaProject(185690)supported by PD Research Funding Plan in Hunan and Central South University,China
文摘This study investigated the promotion effect of A.ferrooxidans on complex heavy metals coprecipitation process.A.ferrooxidans significantly enhanced the ferrous oxidation,which also promoted the formation of iron-oxyhydroxysulphate.Cu(II)concentration reduced to0.058mmol/L in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system,and Cd also reduced to the lowest concentration(0.085mmol/L).Pb was mainly immobilized as anglesite and iron-oxyhydroxysulphate promoted the removal of remanent Pb in solution.The precipitates are characterized by XRD,SEM,and FTIR analysis.The main component of the iron-oxyhydroxysulphate was well crystallized jarosite.A.ferrooxidans contributed to the formation of schwertmannite in later monovalent cation lack stage.Higher ferrous iron oxidation rate and Fe(III)supply rate in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system facilitated polyhedron crystal formation and the increase of particle diameter.Complex heavy metals could be incorporated into iron oxyhydroxysulphate crystal,and efficiently removed from acidic wastewater through A.ferrooxidans mediated coprecipitation.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0302400,2016YFA0300602,and2017YFA0302903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11227903)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant Nos.Z181100004218007 and Z191100007219011)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB921304)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB07000000,XDB28000000,and XDB33000000)。
文摘Interface can be a fertile ground for exotic quantum states,including topological superconductivity,Majorana mode,fractal quantum Hall effect,unconventional superconductivity,Mott insulator,etc.Here we grow single-unit-cell(1UC)FeTe film on NbSe_(2)single crystal by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)and investigate the film in-situ with a home-made cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and non-contact atomic force microscopy(AFM)combined system.We find different stripe-like superlattice modulations on grown FeTe film with different misorientation angles with respect to NbSe_(2)substrate.We show that these stripe-like superlattice modulations can be understood as moirépattern forming between FeTe film and NbSe_(2)substrate.Our results indicate that the interface between Fe Te and NbSe2 is atomically sharp.By STM-AFM combined measurement,we suggest that the moirésuperlattice modulations have an electronic origin when the misorientation angle is relatively small(≤3°)and have structural relaxation when the misorientation angle is relatively large(≥10°).
文摘[背景]巨噬细胞碳含量作为颗粒物内暴露的新型生物标志物可通过诱导痰获得。当前分子流行病学研究中诱导痰保存尚无有效方法,并且诱导痰中巨噬细胞碳含量的定量方法国内尚无报道。将此标志物应用于含碳颗粒物暴露需要进行方法的标准化研究和验证。[目的]探究并建立新鲜诱导痰液新型保存方法和诱导痰中巨噬细胞碳含量定量方法。[方法]选择无特殊职业有害因素暴露的自来水厂工人作为一般人群(n=169)进行诱导痰中碳含量方法学验证和影响因素研究。受试者吸入超声雾化的4.5%高渗盐水并咳出痰液,向痰液中加入约20~30 mL的Saccomanno固定液倒转摇匀,置于阴凉避光处保存。待返回实验室用痰消化液消化痰液,杜氏磷酸缓冲液清洗,离心获得纯细胞悬液。血涂片法涂片,Diff-quick快速染液固定染色。使用光学显微镜在物镜100倍放大并加香柏油对每份样本随机选取的50个形态完好的巨噬细胞拍照,并通过Image J软件处理照片进行巨噬细胞碳含量定量:在挖去细胞核之后,转换灰度使照片呈黑白色,并根据每个细胞染色情况特异性调整灰度值,以保证能计算出细胞中所有的碳颗粒。[结果]用Saccomanno固定液保存的新鲜诱导痰液,经处理后,镜下观察视野杂质少,细胞形态学完整,核质清晰,细胞核呈蓝紫色,胞浆呈淡粉红色或浅蓝色,细胞核偏于一侧呈圆形或肾形,胞浆内黑色碳颗粒清晰可见,大多呈小团块聚集分布,可进行巨噬细胞碳含量定量。诱导痰成功率在无职业颗粒物暴露的一般人群中为63.3%,性别不会影响痰液诱导成功率。采用巨噬细胞碳面积与巨噬细胞胞浆面积比(the proportion of cytoplasm area occupied by carbon particles,PCOC)的中位数作为个体巨噬细胞碳含量的读数,一般人群巨噬细胞碳含量的M(P25,P75)为0.83%(0.63%,1.34%),男性为0.79%(0.59%~1.27%),女性为0.95%(0.75%~1.34%)。[结�
文摘目的:观察穴位埋线对小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经元(SGN)γ氨基丁酸受体A(GA B A A)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDA)在不同时间点表达的干预效果,进而探讨针灸防治听力下降的可能机制。方法:80只SPF级健康雄性4周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组:自然衰老组、埋线组,每组40只。自然衰老组不做任何干预,分别在4、12、20、26周龄随机抽取10只,测量听性脑干反应(ABR)阈值,应用RT-PCR检测SGN的GABAA和NMDA mRNA表达情况。埋线组在小鼠肾俞穴与足三里穴埋线,共埋线3次,分别在小鼠4、12、20周龄时进行,同样在不同时间点测量ABR阈值及检测GABAA和NMDA mRNA的表达情况。结果:随着小鼠周龄增长,两组小鼠ABR阈值均显著增高(P<0.05),SGN中GABAA mRNA表达量逐渐降低(P<0.05),NMDA mRNA表达量逐渐升高(P<0.05)。与自然衰老组比较,埋线组小鼠在12、20、26周3个节点ABR阈值更低(P<0.05),12、20周GABAA mRNA表达量更高(P<0.05),20、26周NMDA mRNA表达量更低(P<0.05)。结论:穴位埋线能够有效干预C57BL/6小鼠听功能下降过程;穴位埋线干预效果在小鼠20周龄时最显著。
