As the world strives to reduce the impact of population growth, urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change on food security, energy and water shortage, resource over-exploration, biodiversity loss, envir...As the world strives to reduce the impact of population growth, urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change on food security, energy and water shortage, resource over-exploration, biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, and ultimately human health, timely and higher resolution land cover information is urgently needed to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and ...China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.展开更多
Background XS0601, consisting of active ingredients （Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin）, has been shown to inhibit arterial neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and in preliminary human studies. The objective of thi...Background XS0601, consisting of active ingredients （Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin）, has been shown to inhibit arterial neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and in preliminary human studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of XS0601 in preventing restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 335 patients were randomized into treatment with the oral administration of XS0601, or a placebo for 6 months after successful PCI. Angiographic follow-up was scheduled at 6 months, and clinical follow-ups performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after PCI. The primary end point was angiographic restenosis. The secondary end points were the combined incidence of death, target lesion nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results A total of 308 patients （91.9%） completed the study and 145 cases （47.1%） received angiographic follow-up. The restenosis rates were significantly reduced in the XS0601 group as compared with the placebo group （26.0% vs. 47.2%, P 〈 0.05）, and the minimum lumen diameter （MLD） was greater [（2.08 ± 0.89） mm for XS0601 vs. （1.73 ± 0.94） mm for placebo, P 〈 0.05]. XS0601 also significantly reduced the combined incidence of major adverse cardiac event （10.4% in the XS0601 group vs. 22.7% in the placebo group, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of recurrent angina at 3 and 6 months after PCI was also significantly reduced in XS0601 group （7.1% and 11.0%） as compared with those in placebo group （19.5% and 42.9%） （P 〈 0.05）. No significant side effects occurred within the 6-month follow-up period in the XS0601 group.Conclusion Administration of XS0601 for 6 months is demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing restenosis in post-PCI patients.展开更多
The heat shock transcription factors （HSFs） are the major heat shock factors regulating the heat stress response. They participate in regulating the expression of heat shock proteins （HSPs）, which are critical in ...The heat shock transcription factors （HSFs） are the major heat shock factors regulating the heat stress response. They participate in regulating the expression of heat shock proteins （HSPs）, which are critical in the protection against stress damage and many other important biological processes. Study of the HSF gene family is important for understanding the mechanism by which plants respond to stress. The completed genome sequences of rice （Oryza sativa） and Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana） constitute a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis, as they are representatives of the two major evolutionary lineages within the angiosperms： the monocotyledons and the dicotyledons. The identification of phylogenefic relationships among HSF proteins in these species is a fundamental step to unravel the functionality of new and yet uncharacterized genes belonging to this family.In this study, the full complement of HSF genes in rice and Arabidopsis has probably been identified through the genome-wide scan. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in the identification of three major clusters of orthologous genes that contain members belonging to both species, which must have been represented in their common ancestor before the taxonomic splitting of the angiosperms. Fttrther analysis of the phylogenetic tree reveals a possible dicot specific gene group. We also identified nine pairs of paralogs, as evidence for studies on the evolution history of rice HSF family and rice genome evolution. Expression data analysis indicates that HSF proteins are widely expressed in plants. These results provide a solid base for future functional genomic studies of the HSF gene family in rice and Arabidopsis.展开更多
口腔颌面部间隙感染(oral and maxillofacial space infections,OMSI)是颌面部潜在筋膜间隙的感染,是口腔颌面部的常见疾病。OMSI病例具有耐药菌感染增多、重症感染增多、致死风险增加等特点。为提高OMSI的治愈率,其治疗原则与方法需与...口腔颌面部间隙感染(oral and maxillofacial space infections,OMSI)是颌面部潜在筋膜间隙的感染,是口腔颌面部的常见疾病。OMSI病例具有耐药菌感染增多、重症感染增多、致死风险增加等特点。为提高OMSI的治愈率,其治疗原则与方法需与时俱进。因此,依据国内部分专家当前诊治OMSI的临床经验,结合国际同行治疗经验,本文从术前检查、检查结果解读、经验性用药原则、手术处理原则、术后换药原则、智齿冠周炎相关间隙感染的防治策略、血糖监测与控制、物理因子治疗原则、路德维希咽峡炎治疗和围手术期护理等10个方面进行系统性总结,形成共识,以期逐步实现我国口腔颌面外科同行诊治OMSI的规范化与标准化,最终达到提高我国OMSI的诊疗水平的目的。展开更多
AIM:To identify prognostic factors from pretreatment variables of the initial transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedure in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One thousand and five hundred and six...AIM:To identify prognostic factors from pretreatment variables of the initial transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedure in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One thousand and five hundred and sixtynine patients with unresectable HCC underwent TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively studied.Pretreatment variables of the initial TACE procedure with a P value less than 0.05 by univariate analysis were subjected to Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:The median overall survival time and 1-, 5-,10-year survival rates were 10.37 mo,47%,10%, and 7%,respectively.A Cox proportional hazard model showed that 8 pretreatment factors of regional lymphnodes metastasis,Child-Pugh class,macrovascular invasion,greatest dimension,α-fetoprotein(AFP), Hepatitis virus B,tumor capsule,and nodules were independent prognostic factors.Patients with multimodality therapy have better survival than those with TACE treatment only. CONCLUSION:Tumor status,hepatic function reserve,AFP,and hepatitis virus B status were independent prognostic factors for unresectable HCC.Distant metastasis might not be a contraindication to TACE. Multimodality therapy might improve survival.展开更多
Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with ex...Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC...Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen展开更多
The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-...The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine,healthcare resource availability,and precision medicine.These updates address the differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopatho-logical features,tumor biology,treatment patterns,and drug selections between Eastern and Western gastric cancer patients.Key revisions include a structured template for imaging diagnosis reports,updated standards for molecular marker testing in pathological diagnosis,and an elevated recommendation for neoadju-vant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer.For advanced metastatic gastric cancer,the guidelines introduce new recommendations for immunotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted drugs,along with updated management strategies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive and deficient DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)patients.Additionally,the guidelines offer detailed screening recommendations for hereditary gastric cancer and an appendix listing drug treatment regimens for various stages of gastric cancer.The 2023 CSCO Clinical Guidelines for Gastric Cancer updates are based on both Chinese and international clinical research and expert consensus to enhance their applicability and relevance in clinical practice,particularly in the heterogeneous healthcare landscape of China,while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor,impartiality,and timely revisions.展开更多
Background：As a Chinese Traditional Medicine product,Kuntai capsule could improve the peri-menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.But it is still not clear whether Kuntai capsule has a good effect on alleviating...Background：As a Chinese Traditional Medicine product,Kuntai capsule could improve the peri-menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.But it is still not clear whether Kuntai capsule has a good effect on alleviating peri-menopausal symptoms induced by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist （GnRH-a） treatment.The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule,on peri-menopausal symptoms in endometriosis （EMS） patients,with postoperative GnRH-a treatment.Methods：Ninety EMS ovarian cyst women with postoperative GnRH-a administration were enrolled in the study,and were randomly divided into Kuntai group,Tibolone group,or blank Control group.The therapeutic strategy in Kuntai group was 4 Kuntai capsules tid,po for 12 weeks after the first GnRH-a injection,while Tibolone 2.5 mg qd,po for 12 weeks in Tibolone group.There was no drug addition in Control group.Climacteric complaints were evaluated by Kupperman menopausal index （KMI） and hot flash/sweating score.Liver and renal functions,lipid profile,serum sex hormone levels and endometrial thickness were measured,and the frequency of adverse events in Kuntai and Tibolone groups was recorded.Results：（l） Before GnRH-a therapy,the baseline parameter results were comparable in the three groups （P ＞ 0.05）.（2） After GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating scores in all the three groups increased significantly （P ＜ 0.05）.At the 4th week after GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating score results were as follows：Control group ＞ Kuntai group ＞ Tibolone group （P ＜ 0.05）; at the 8th and 12th week after GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating score in Control group were significantly higher than the other two groups （P ＜ 0.05）,and no significant difference was identified between Kuntai and Tibolone group （P ＞ 0.05）.（3） No statistical change took place in the liver and renal functions and lipid profile in all the three groups after the treatment （P ＞ 0.05）.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600103)Delos Living LLCthe Cyrus Tang Foundation
文摘As the world strives to reduce the impact of population growth, urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change on food security, energy and water shortage, resource over-exploration, biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, and ultimately human health, timely and higher resolution land cover information is urgently needed to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations.
文摘China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.
基金THIS STUDY WAS SUPPORTED BY GRANTS FROM NATIONAL TENTH FIVE-YEAR PROJECTS PLAN (NO. 2001BA701A20)
文摘Background XS0601, consisting of active ingredients （Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin）, has been shown to inhibit arterial neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and in preliminary human studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of XS0601 in preventing restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 335 patients were randomized into treatment with the oral administration of XS0601, or a placebo for 6 months after successful PCI. Angiographic follow-up was scheduled at 6 months, and clinical follow-ups performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after PCI. The primary end point was angiographic restenosis. The secondary end points were the combined incidence of death, target lesion nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results A total of 308 patients （91.9%） completed the study and 145 cases （47.1%） received angiographic follow-up. The restenosis rates were significantly reduced in the XS0601 group as compared with the placebo group （26.0% vs. 47.2%, P 〈 0.05）, and the minimum lumen diameter （MLD） was greater [（2.08 ± 0.89） mm for XS0601 vs. （1.73 ± 0.94） mm for placebo, P 〈 0.05]. XS0601 also significantly reduced the combined incidence of major adverse cardiac event （10.4% in the XS0601 group vs. 22.7% in the placebo group, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of recurrent angina at 3 and 6 months after PCI was also significantly reduced in XS0601 group （7.1% and 11.0%） as compared with those in placebo group （19.5% and 42.9%） （P 〈 0.05）. No significant side effects occurred within the 6-month follow-up period in the XS0601 group.Conclusion Administration of XS0601 for 6 months is demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing restenosis in post-PCI patients.
文摘The heat shock transcription factors （HSFs） are the major heat shock factors regulating the heat stress response. They participate in regulating the expression of heat shock proteins （HSPs）, which are critical in the protection against stress damage and many other important biological processes. Study of the HSF gene family is important for understanding the mechanism by which plants respond to stress. The completed genome sequences of rice （Oryza sativa） and Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana） constitute a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis, as they are representatives of the two major evolutionary lineages within the angiosperms： the monocotyledons and the dicotyledons. The identification of phylogenefic relationships among HSF proteins in these species is a fundamental step to unravel the functionality of new and yet uncharacterized genes belonging to this family.In this study, the full complement of HSF genes in rice and Arabidopsis has probably been identified through the genome-wide scan. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in the identification of three major clusters of orthologous genes that contain members belonging to both species, which must have been represented in their common ancestor before the taxonomic splitting of the angiosperms. Fttrther analysis of the phylogenetic tree reveals a possible dicot specific gene group. We also identified nine pairs of paralogs, as evidence for studies on the evolution history of rice HSF family and rice genome evolution. Expression data analysis indicates that HSF proteins are widely expressed in plants. These results provide a solid base for future functional genomic studies of the HSF gene family in rice and Arabidopsis.
文摘口腔颌面部间隙感染(oral and maxillofacial space infections,OMSI)是颌面部潜在筋膜间隙的感染,是口腔颌面部的常见疾病。OMSI病例具有耐药菌感染增多、重症感染增多、致死风险增加等特点。为提高OMSI的治愈率,其治疗原则与方法需与时俱进。因此,依据国内部分专家当前诊治OMSI的临床经验,结合国际同行治疗经验,本文从术前检查、检查结果解读、经验性用药原则、手术处理原则、术后换药原则、智齿冠周炎相关间隙感染的防治策略、血糖监测与控制、物理因子治疗原则、路德维希咽峡炎治疗和围手术期护理等10个方面进行系统性总结,形成共识,以期逐步实现我国口腔颌面外科同行诊治OMSI的规范化与标准化,最终达到提高我国OMSI的诊疗水平的目的。
基金Supported by The Eleventh Five-Year Key Plan of the China National Science and Technique Foundation,No.2006BAI02A04the 5010 Foundation of Sun Yat-sen University,No.2007043
文摘AIM:To identify prognostic factors from pretreatment variables of the initial transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedure in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One thousand and five hundred and sixtynine patients with unresectable HCC underwent TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively studied.Pretreatment variables of the initial TACE procedure with a P value less than 0.05 by univariate analysis were subjected to Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:The median overall survival time and 1-, 5-,10-year survival rates were 10.37 mo,47%,10%, and 7%,respectively.A Cox proportional hazard model showed that 8 pretreatment factors of regional lymphnodes metastasis,Child-Pugh class,macrovascular invasion,greatest dimension,α-fetoprotein(AFP), Hepatitis virus B,tumor capsule,and nodules were independent prognostic factors.Patients with multimodality therapy have better survival than those with TACE treatment only. CONCLUSION:Tumor status,hepatic function reserve,AFP,and hepatitis virus B status were independent prognostic factors for unresectable HCC.Distant metastasis might not be a contraindication to TACE. Multimodality therapy might improve survival.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Plan of China for providing support(NO:2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
基金supported by the grants from the Beijing Hope Run Special Fund(#LC2012YF44)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81402740)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20131106120014)The National Health and Family Planning Committee of P.R.China
文摘Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen
文摘The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine,healthcare resource availability,and precision medicine.These updates address the differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopatho-logical features,tumor biology,treatment patterns,and drug selections between Eastern and Western gastric cancer patients.Key revisions include a structured template for imaging diagnosis reports,updated standards for molecular marker testing in pathological diagnosis,and an elevated recommendation for neoadju-vant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer.For advanced metastatic gastric cancer,the guidelines introduce new recommendations for immunotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted drugs,along with updated management strategies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive and deficient DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)patients.Additionally,the guidelines offer detailed screening recommendations for hereditary gastric cancer and an appendix listing drug treatment regimens for various stages of gastric cancer.The 2023 CSCO Clinical Guidelines for Gastric Cancer updates are based on both Chinese and international clinical research and expert consensus to enhance their applicability and relevance in clinical practice,particularly in the heterogeneous healthcare landscape of China,while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor,impartiality,and timely revisions.
文摘Background：As a Chinese Traditional Medicine product,Kuntai capsule could improve the peri-menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.But it is still not clear whether Kuntai capsule has a good effect on alleviating peri-menopausal symptoms induced by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist （GnRH-a） treatment.The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule,on peri-menopausal symptoms in endometriosis （EMS） patients,with postoperative GnRH-a treatment.Methods：Ninety EMS ovarian cyst women with postoperative GnRH-a administration were enrolled in the study,and were randomly divided into Kuntai group,Tibolone group,or blank Control group.The therapeutic strategy in Kuntai group was 4 Kuntai capsules tid,po for 12 weeks after the first GnRH-a injection,while Tibolone 2.5 mg qd,po for 12 weeks in Tibolone group.There was no drug addition in Control group.Climacteric complaints were evaluated by Kupperman menopausal index （KMI） and hot flash/sweating score.Liver and renal functions,lipid profile,serum sex hormone levels and endometrial thickness were measured,and the frequency of adverse events in Kuntai and Tibolone groups was recorded.Results：（l） Before GnRH-a therapy,the baseline parameter results were comparable in the three groups （P ＞ 0.05）.（2） After GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating scores in all the three groups increased significantly （P ＜ 0.05）.At the 4th week after GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating score results were as follows：Control group ＞ Kuntai group ＞ Tibolone group （P ＜ 0.05）; at the 8th and 12th week after GnRH-a therapy,KMI and hot flash/sweating score in Control group were significantly higher than the other two groups （P ＜ 0.05）,and no significant difference was identified between Kuntai and Tibolone group （P ＞ 0.05）.（3） No statistical change took place in the liver and renal functions and lipid profile in all the three groups after the treatment （P ＞ 0.05）.
