Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and o...Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and ...China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sa...AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province,China. Questionnaires,designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists,included demographic characteristics,current medication use,medical history and health-relevant behaviors,i.e. alcohol consumption,smoking habits,dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements,biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS: Among the 3543 subjects,609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males,16.7% females,P > 0.05). Among them,the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD),suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%,1.8%,and 15.0%,respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age,gender and residency,the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them,confirmed ALD,suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%,2.3%,and 11.7%,respectively,in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%,P < 0.001). However,the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%,P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender,urban residency,low education,high blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,waist to hip ratio,serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD. CONCLUSION: FLD,especially NAFLD,is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.展开更多
Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several ...Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. Th展开更多
AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP...AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP were enrolled at the Pancreatic Disease Institute between January 2007 and March 2010. The patients were randomly treated with normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (SH group), combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) in resuscitation. The ratio of normal saline to HES in the SH and SHG groups was 3:1. The glutamine (20% glutamine dipeptide, 100 mL/d) was supplemented into the resuscitation liquid in the SHG group. Complications and outcomes including respiratory and abdominal infection, sepsis, abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), operation intervention, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 60 d were compared. Moreover, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), inflammation cytokines, urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, and serum endotoxin were investigated to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and gut barrier. RESULTS: Compared to the NS group, patients in the SH and SHG groups accessed the endpoint more quickly (3.9 ± 0.23 d and 4.1 ± 0.21 d vs 5.8 ± 0.25 d, P < 0.05) with less fluid volume (67.26 ± 28.53 mL/kg/d, 61.79 ± 27.61 mL/kg per day vs 85.23 ± 21.27 mL/kg per day, P < 0.05). Compared to the NS group, incidence of renal dysfunction, ARDS, MODS and ACS in the SH and SHG groups was obviously lower. Furthermore, incidence of respiratory and abdominal infection was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG groups, while no significant difference in sepsis was seen. Moreover, less operation time was needed in the SH and SHG group than the NS group, but展开更多
Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitabl...Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper展开更多
Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed t...Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed the effects of OSA on plasma levels of RAAS components. Methods Full-text studies published on MEDL1NE and EMBASE analyzing fasting plasma levels of at least one RAAS component in adults with OSA with or without hypertension. OSA was diagnosed as an apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbance index 〉 5. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was assessed using the 12 statistic. Results from individual studies were synthesized using inverse variance and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed, and risk of publication bias was assessed. Results The meta-analysis included 13 studies, of which 10 reported results on renin （n = 470 cases and controls）, 7 on angiotensin II （AnglI, n = 384）, and 9 on aldosterone （n = 439）. AnglI levels were significantly higher in OSA than in controls [mean differences = 3.39 ng/L, 95% CI： 2.00-4.79, P 〈 0.00001], while aldosterone levels were significantly higher in OSA with hypertension than OSA but not with hypertension （mean differences = 1.32 ng/dL, 95% CI： 0.58-2.07, P = 0.0005）. Meta-analysis of all studies suggested no significant differences in aldosterone between OSA and controls, but a significant pooled mean difference of 1.35 ng/mL （95% CI： 0.88-1.82, P 〈 0.00001） emerged after excluding one small-sample study. No significant risk of publication bias was detected among all included studies. Conelusions OSA is associated with higher AnglI and aldosterone levels, espe- cially in hypertensive patients. OSA may cause hypertension, at least in part, by stimulating RAAS activity.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an acti...Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an active component in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with anticancer potential various cancer types;however,the effects of baicalein on bladder cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In the study,we investigated the effect of baicalin on bladder cancer cells5637 and KU-19-19.As a result,we show baicalin exerted its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and cell death in bladder cancer cells.Subsequently,we for the first time demonstrate baicalin-induced ferroptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo,accompanied by reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and intracellular chelate iron enrichment.The ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine but not necrostatin-1,chloroquine(CQ),N-acetyl-L-cysteine,L-glutathione reduced,or carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK) rescued baicalin-induced cell death,indicating ferroptosis contributed to baicalin-induced cell death.Mechanistically,we show that ferritin heavy chain1(FTH1) was a key determinant for baicalin-induced ferroptosis.Overexpression of FTH1 abrogated the anticancer effects of baicalin in both 5637 and KU19-19 cells.Taken together,our data for the first time suggest that the natural product baicalin exerts its anticancer activity by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis,which will hopefully provide a prospective compound for bladder cancer treatment.展开更多
In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a ...In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a receptor of SARS-CoV-2,mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein.Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung,kidney,and intestine,its expressing levels are rather low,especially in the lung.Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19,we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection.Here,we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody,Meplazumab,inhibits SARSCoV-2 amplification.Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells,which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment.Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147(hCD147)mice infected with SARS-CoV-2,but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice.Interestingly,virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient.Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dosedependent manner,which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab.Furthermore,CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis.Together,our study reveals a novel virus entry route,CD147-spike protein,which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant...AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C ＋ I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin （50 mg/kg） was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C ＋ I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, liver tissue NO2- ＋ NO3-, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, nitricoxide synthase （NOS） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, HspT0 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS： Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C ＋ I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2^- ＋ NO3^- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C ＋ I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase （eNOS） after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C ＋ I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Chemokines have strong chemoattractant effects and are involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory reactions, such as attracting activated T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer cell...BACKGROUND: Chemokines have strong chemoattractant effects and are involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory reactions, such as attracting activated T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer cells via the pathway of G protein-coupled receptors to sites of inflammatory injury and contribute to wound repair. This investigation was designed to assess the levels of chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and IP-10 mRNA, and the relationship between IP-10 mRNA and HBV-DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: The levels of IP-10 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were kinetically detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The rate of chemokine/GAPDH was regarded as the extreme level of chemokine. The level of IP-10 in serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of IP-10 in hepatic biopsy tissue was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The level of IP-10 mRNA in the PBMCs of patients was 0.7387 +/- 0.0768 (lg cDNA/lg GAPDH); it was significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis B than that in normal controls (P<0.001). The level of IP-10 in the serum of patients was 660.9 +/- 75.5 pg/ml. There was a significant difference between patients with chronic hepatitis B and normal controls (P<0.05). In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the level of IP-10 mRNA in PBMCs was correlated with the IP-10 plasma level (r=0.7312, P<0.001), and the IP-10 plasma level was fairly correlated with the levels of ALT and HBV-DNA plasma (r=0.7235, P<0.001; r=0.7371, P<0.001). IP-10 was found by immunohistochemical analysis to be selectively upregulated on sinusoidal endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of IP-10 mRNA in PBMCs, IP-10 plasma concentration and the expression of IP-10 in sinusoidal endothelium are all high in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Chemokine IP-10 may play an important role in trafficking inflammatory cells to the local foc展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank Drs Fengyong Liu and Sheng Luan at UC Berkeley, USA, for their discussion and help with the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （no. 30225037, 30471991, 30570731）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （no. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）, the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （no. BK2004082, BK2006714）.
文摘Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.
文摘China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.
基金Supported by a Grant from Guangzhou Health Bureau Project, No. 2004-Z001
文摘AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province,China. Questionnaires,designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists,included demographic characteristics,current medication use,medical history and health-relevant behaviors,i.e. alcohol consumption,smoking habits,dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements,biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS: Among the 3543 subjects,609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males,16.7% females,P > 0.05). Among them,the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD),suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%,1.8%,and 15.0%,respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age,gender and residency,the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them,confirmed ALD,suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%,2.3%,and 11.7%,respectively,in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%,P < 0.001). However,the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%,P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender,urban residency,low education,high blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,waist to hip ratio,serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD. CONCLUSION: FLD,especially NAFLD,is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.
文摘Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. Th
基金Supported by National Science Foundation Committee of China,No. 30600594 and 30972900the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, No. 2011JC046
文摘AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP were enrolled at the Pancreatic Disease Institute between January 2007 and March 2010. The patients were randomly treated with normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (SH group), combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) in resuscitation. The ratio of normal saline to HES in the SH and SHG groups was 3:1. The glutamine (20% glutamine dipeptide, 100 mL/d) was supplemented into the resuscitation liquid in the SHG group. Complications and outcomes including respiratory and abdominal infection, sepsis, abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), operation intervention, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 60 d were compared. Moreover, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), inflammation cytokines, urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, and serum endotoxin were investigated to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and gut barrier. RESULTS: Compared to the NS group, patients in the SH and SHG groups accessed the endpoint more quickly (3.9 ± 0.23 d and 4.1 ± 0.21 d vs 5.8 ± 0.25 d, P < 0.05) with less fluid volume (67.26 ± 28.53 mL/kg/d, 61.79 ± 27.61 mL/kg per day vs 85.23 ± 21.27 mL/kg per day, P < 0.05). Compared to the NS group, incidence of renal dysfunction, ARDS, MODS and ACS in the SH and SHG groups was obviously lower. Furthermore, incidence of respiratory and abdominal infection was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG groups, while no significant difference in sepsis was seen. Moreover, less operation time was needed in the SH and SHG group than the NS group, but
基金This study is supported by the offshore NGH production test projects under the Marine Geological Survey Program initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20190226,DD20190218)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730528,51991365)。
文摘Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper
文摘Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed the effects of OSA on plasma levels of RAAS components. Methods Full-text studies published on MEDL1NE and EMBASE analyzing fasting plasma levels of at least one RAAS component in adults with OSA with or without hypertension. OSA was diagnosed as an apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbance index 〉 5. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was assessed using the 12 statistic. Results from individual studies were synthesized using inverse variance and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed, and risk of publication bias was assessed. Results The meta-analysis included 13 studies, of which 10 reported results on renin （n = 470 cases and controls）, 7 on angiotensin II （AnglI, n = 384）, and 9 on aldosterone （n = 439）. AnglI levels were significantly higher in OSA than in controls [mean differences = 3.39 ng/L, 95% CI： 2.00-4.79, P 〈 0.00001], while aldosterone levels were significantly higher in OSA with hypertension than OSA but not with hypertension （mean differences = 1.32 ng/dL, 95% CI： 0.58-2.07, P = 0.0005）. Meta-analysis of all studies suggested no significant differences in aldosterone between OSA and controls, but a significant pooled mean difference of 1.35 ng/mL （95% CI： 0.88-1.82, P 〈 0.00001） emerged after excluding one small-sample study. No significant risk of publication bias was detected among all included studies. Conelusions OSA is associated with higher AnglI and aldosterone levels, espe- cially in hypertensive patients. OSA may cause hypertension, at least in part, by stimulating RAAS activity.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
基金supported by the grants National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81874380 and 82022075, to Xinbing Sui81730108 and 81973635, to Tian Xie)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. LR18H160001, to Xinbing Sui)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. LQ20H160013, Ting DuanLQ21H160038, to Jiao Feng)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM (Nos. 2019ZZ016, to Xinbing Sui2020ZQ046, to Ruonan Zhang, China)。
文摘Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an active component in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with anticancer potential various cancer types;however,the effects of baicalein on bladder cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In the study,we investigated the effect of baicalin on bladder cancer cells5637 and KU-19-19.As a result,we show baicalin exerted its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and cell death in bladder cancer cells.Subsequently,we for the first time demonstrate baicalin-induced ferroptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo,accompanied by reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and intracellular chelate iron enrichment.The ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine but not necrostatin-1,chloroquine(CQ),N-acetyl-L-cysteine,L-glutathione reduced,or carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK) rescued baicalin-induced cell death,indicating ferroptosis contributed to baicalin-induced cell death.Mechanistically,we show that ferritin heavy chain1(FTH1) was a key determinant for baicalin-induced ferroptosis.Overexpression of FTH1 abrogated the anticancer effects of baicalin in both 5637 and KU19-19 cells.Taken together,our data for the first time suggest that the natural product baicalin exerts its anticancer activity by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis,which will hopefully provide a prospective compound for bladder cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2019ZX09732-001)the Key R&D Plan Projects in Shaanxi Province(2020ZDXM2-SF-01)Young Talent fund of the University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20200304).
文摘In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a receptor of SARS-CoV-2,mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein.Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung,kidney,and intestine,its expressing levels are rather low,especially in the lung.Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19,we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection.Here,we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody,Meplazumab,inhibits SARSCoV-2 amplification.Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells,which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment.Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147(hCD147)mice infected with SARS-CoV-2,but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice.Interestingly,virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient.Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dosedependent manner,which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab.Furthermore,CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis.Together,our study reveals a novel virus entry route,CD147-spike protein,which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.
文摘AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C ＋ I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin （50 mg/kg） was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C ＋ I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, liver tissue NO2- ＋ NO3-, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, nitricoxide synthase （NOS） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, HspT0 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS： Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C ＋ I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2^- ＋ NO3^- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C ＋ I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase （eNOS） after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C ＋ I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.
基金a grant from the Nature Science Foundation of the Department of Education of Anhui Province (No. 2007kj019A).
文摘BACKGROUND: Chemokines have strong chemoattractant effects and are involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory reactions, such as attracting activated T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer cells via the pathway of G protein-coupled receptors to sites of inflammatory injury and contribute to wound repair. This investigation was designed to assess the levels of chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and IP-10 mRNA, and the relationship between IP-10 mRNA and HBV-DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: The levels of IP-10 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were kinetically detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The rate of chemokine/GAPDH was regarded as the extreme level of chemokine. The level of IP-10 in serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of IP-10 in hepatic biopsy tissue was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The level of IP-10 mRNA in the PBMCs of patients was 0.7387 +/- 0.0768 (lg cDNA/lg GAPDH); it was significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis B than that in normal controls (P<0.001). The level of IP-10 in the serum of patients was 660.9 +/- 75.5 pg/ml. There was a significant difference between patients with chronic hepatitis B and normal controls (P<0.05). In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the level of IP-10 mRNA in PBMCs was correlated with the IP-10 plasma level (r=0.7312, P<0.001), and the IP-10 plasma level was fairly correlated with the levels of ALT and HBV-DNA plasma (r=0.7235, P<0.001; r=0.7371, P<0.001). IP-10 was found by immunohistochemical analysis to be selectively upregulated on sinusoidal endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of IP-10 mRNA in PBMCs, IP-10 plasma concentration and the expression of IP-10 in sinusoidal endothelium are all high in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Chemokine IP-10 may play an important role in trafficking inflammatory cells to the local foc
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
