1.Legacy matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and memories.Money also matters...1.Legacy matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and memories.Money also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly high.Host governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.展开更多
Every day,an NDT(Non-Destructive Testing)report will govern key decisions and inform inspection strategies that could affect the flow of millions of dollars which ultimately affects local environments and potential ri...Every day,an NDT(Non-Destructive Testing)report will govern key decisions and inform inspection strategies that could affect the flow of millions of dollars which ultimately affects local environments and potential risk to life.There is a direct correlation between report quality and equipment capability.The more able the equipment is-in terms of efficient data gathering,signal to noise ratio,positioning,and coverage-the more actionable the report is.This results in optimal maintenance and repair strategies providing the report is clear and well presented.Furthermore,when considering tank floor storage inspection it is essential that asset owners have total confidence in inspection findings and the ensuing reports.Tank floor inspection equipment must not only be efficient and highly capable,but data sets should be traceable and integrity maintained throughout.Corrosion mapping of large surface areas such as storage tank bottoms is an inherently arduous and time-consuming process.MFL(magnetic flux leakage)based tank bottom scanners present a well-established and highly rated method for inspection.There are many benefits of using modern MFL technology to generate actionable reports.Chief among these includes efficiency of coverage while gaining valuable information regarding defect location,severity,surface origin and the extent of coverage.More recent advancements in modern MFL tank bottom scanners afford the ability to scan and record data sets at areas of the tank bottom which were previously classed as dead zones or areas not scanned due to physical restraints.An example of this includes scanning the CZ(critical zone)which is the area close to the annular to shell junction weld.Inclusion of these additional dead zones increases overall inspection coverage,quality and traceability.Inspection of the CZ areas allows engineers to quickly determine the integrity of arguably the most important area of the tank bottom.Herein we discuss notable developments in CZ coverage,inspection efficiency and data integrity that c展开更多
Purpose A 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)is a screening tool to detect abnormalities that may predispose athletes to sud-den cardiac death.Newer standardized criteria have been introduced to better interpret ECG data,h...Purpose A 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)is a screening tool to detect abnormalities that may predispose athletes to sud-den cardiac death.Newer standardized criteria have been introduced to better interpret ECG data,however this research has predominantly focused on male athletes.It is important to include female athletes in research to better define ECG character-istics in this population.The purpose of this study was to compare the Seattle and International Criteria ECG abnormalities in Division II female collegiate athletes of various ethnicities.Methods Fifty-six females(age 20.2±1.4 years;height 1.70±0.7 m;weight 69.5±8.9 kg)completed a resting 12-lead ECG protocol.ECG data was classified as‘normal’and‘abnormal’according to the parameters of each criterion and abnormal conditions were noted.Chi-square analysis was used to assess statistical comparisons between criteria.Results There was a significant difference in abnormal classifications as the total number of ECGs identified as abnormal using the Seattle Criteria decreased from 12(21.4%)to 2(3.6%)when using the International Criteria(P<0.05).African American athletes had a higher number of abnormal ECG’s compared to White and Latina athletes using the Seattle Criteria(P=0.03).Conclusions The International Criteria significantly reduces the total number of abnormal ECG readings in female collegiate athletes compared to the Seattle Criteria and did not overly identify African American athletes with abnormalities.Further research is necessary to expand on this study and clearly define criteria for female athletes of various ethnicities.展开更多
Dietary protein(P)and carbohydrate(C)have a major impact on the sweet taste sensation.However,it remains unclear whether the balance of P and C influences the sweet taste sensitivity.Here,we use the nutritional geomet...Dietary protein(P)and carbohydrate(C)have a major impact on the sweet taste sensation.However,it remains unclear whether the balance of P and C influences the sweet taste sensitivity.Here,we use the nutritional geometry framework(NGF)to address the interaction of protein and carbohydrates on sweet taste using Drosophila as a model.Our results reveal that high-protein,low-carbohydrate(HPLC)diets sensitize to sweet taste and low-protein,high-carbohydrate(LPHC)diets desensitize sweet taste in both male and female flies.We further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of two diets on sweet taste using RNA sequencing.When compared to the LPHC diet,the m RNA expression of genes involved in the metabolism of glycine,serine,and threonine is significantly upregulated in the HPLC diet group,suggesting these amino acids may mediate sweet taste perception.We further find that sweet sensitization occurs in flies fed with the LPHC diet supplemented with serine and threonine.Our study demonstrates that sucrose taste sensitivity is affected by the balance of dietary protein and carbohydrates possibly through changes in serine and threonine.展开更多
Background:Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal rotation.However,without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity ...Background:Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal rotation.However,without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity information in the literature,the detailed mechanism of ankle sprain is still unrevealed.The purpose of our case report is to present 2 accidental ankle giving way incidents for participants with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and compare to their normal trials with data of kinematics,kinetics,and electromyography(EMG).Case description:Two young female participants accidentally experienced the ankle giving way when landing on a 25°lateral-tilted force plate.3 D kinematics,kinetics,and muscle activity were recorded for the lower extremity.Qualitative comparisons were made between the giving way trials and normal trials for joint angles,angular velocities,moments,centers of pressure and EMG linear envelopes.Results:One participant’s giving way trial displayed increased ankle inversion and internal rotation angles in the pre-landing phase and at initial contact compared to her normal trials.Another participant’s giving way trial exhibited greater hip abduction angles and delayed activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the pre-landing phase versus her normal trials.Conclusion:A vulnerable ankle position(i.e.,more inverted and internally rotated),and a late activation of peroneus activity in the pre-landing phase could result in the ankle giving way or even sprains.A neutral ankle position and early activation of ankle evertors before landing may be helpful in preventing ankle sprains.展开更多
Background:Wound healing processes are influenced by macronutrient intake(protein,carbohydrate and fat).The most favourable diet for cutaneous wound healing is not known,although highprotein diets are currently favour...Background:Wound healing processes are influenced by macronutrient intake(protein,carbohydrate and fat).The most favourable diet for cutaneous wound healing is not known,although highprotein diets are currently favoured clinically.This experimental study investigates the optimal macronutrient balance for cutaneous wound healing using a mouse model and the Geometric Framework,a nutrient modelling method,capable of analyzing the individual and interactive effects of a wide spectrum of macronutrient intake.Methods:Two adjacent and identical full-thickness skin excisions(1 cm^(2))were surgically created on the dorsal area of male C57BL/6 mice.Mice were then allocated to one of 12 high-energy diets that varied in protein,carbohydrate and fat content.In select diets,wound healing processes,cytokine expression,energy expenditure,body composition,muscle and fat reserves were assessed.Results:Using the Geometric Framework,we show that a low-protein intake,coupled with a balanced intake of carbohydrate and fat is optimal for wound healing.Mice fed a low-protein diet progressed quickly through wound healing stages with favourable wound inflammatory cytokine expression and significantly accelerated collagen production.These local processes were associated with an increased early systemic inflammatory response and a higher overall energy expenditure,related to metabolic changes occurring in key macronutrient reserves in lean body mass and fat depots.Conclusions:The results suggest that a low-protein diet may have a greater potential to accelerate wound healing than the current clinically used high-protein diets.展开更多
Background:The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability(IdFAI)is a valid and reliable tool to identify chronic ankle instability;however,it was developed in English,thus limiting its usage only to those who can ...Background:The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability(IdFAI)is a valid and reliable tool to identify chronic ankle instability;however,it was developed in English,thus limiting its usage only to those who can read and write in English.The objectives of our study were to(1)cross-culturally adapt a Chinese(Mandarin)version of the IdFAI and(2)determine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version IdFAI.Methods:The cross-cultural adaptation procedures used by the investigators and translators followed previously published guidelines and included 6 stages:(1)initial translation,(2)synthesis of the translations,(3)back translation,(4)developing the pre-final version for field testing,(5)testing the pre-final version,and(6)finalizing the Chinese version of IdFAI(IdFAI-C).Five psychometric properties of the IdFAI-C were assessed from results of 2 participant groups:bilingual(n=20)and Chinese(n=625).Results:A high degree of agreement was found between the English version of IdFAI and IdFAI-C(intra-class correlation_(2,1)=0.995).An excellent internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.89),test—retest reliability(intra-class correlation_(2,1)=0.970),and construct validity(r(625)=0.67)was also found for the IdFAI-C.In addition,the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that ankle instability was the only construct measured from the IdFAI.Conclusion:The IdFAI-C is a highly reliable and valid self-report questionnaire that can be used to assess ankle instability.Therefore,we suggest that it can be used to effectively and accurately assess chronic ankle instability in clinical settings for Chinese-speaking individuals.展开更多
Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillan...Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology.Results:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise.However,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner.Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens.nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.Conclusion:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.展开更多
The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion performance of austenitic-ferritic duplex stain- less steel COR 25 in aqueous solution containing 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4+1500 ppm Cl^- at 95℃ was in- vestigated.When the so...The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion performance of austenitic-ferritic duplex stain- less steel COR 25 in aqueous solution containing 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4+1500 ppm Cl^- at 95℃ was in- vestigated.When the solution temperature was increased from 950℃ to 1230℃,the corrosion resistance increased by two orders of magnitude, as shown by electrochemical measurements,im- mersion tests and direct observation under the scanning electron microscope.The specimens heat treated at solution temperatures of 950℃ and 1030℃ were severely corroded along the phase boundaries;specimens treated at 113C℃ and 1230℃ tended to selective corrosion caused by the dissimilar chromium contents of the aus- tenite and ferrite phases after heat treatment.展开更多
The effect of temperature and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical behaviour of austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel COR 25 in an aqueous solution of 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4 is studied in this paper. T...The effect of temperature and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical behaviour of austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel COR 25 in an aqueous solution of 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4 is studied in this paper. The experiments show that the anodic active peak current on potentiodynamic polarization increases by an order of magnitude with an in- crease of temperature from 50℃ and with an increase of chloride ion from<1 mg/1 to 1500mg/1. Compared with the other materials tested, the austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel shows favourable corrosion characteristics in electrochemical tests,being comparable to the fully austenitic alloy Sanicro 28,which has a higher chromium and nickel content,and is much better than GX3CrNiMo2010.Corrosion of the duplex material is normally phase selec- tive,with phase boundary attack after unfavour- able heat treatments.展开更多
文摘1.Legacy matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and memories.Money also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly high.Host governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.
文摘Every day,an NDT(Non-Destructive Testing)report will govern key decisions and inform inspection strategies that could affect the flow of millions of dollars which ultimately affects local environments and potential risk to life.There is a direct correlation between report quality and equipment capability.The more able the equipment is-in terms of efficient data gathering,signal to noise ratio,positioning,and coverage-the more actionable the report is.This results in optimal maintenance and repair strategies providing the report is clear and well presented.Furthermore,when considering tank floor storage inspection it is essential that asset owners have total confidence in inspection findings and the ensuing reports.Tank floor inspection equipment must not only be efficient and highly capable,but data sets should be traceable and integrity maintained throughout.Corrosion mapping of large surface areas such as storage tank bottoms is an inherently arduous and time-consuming process.MFL(magnetic flux leakage)based tank bottom scanners present a well-established and highly rated method for inspection.There are many benefits of using modern MFL technology to generate actionable reports.Chief among these includes efficiency of coverage while gaining valuable information regarding defect location,severity,surface origin and the extent of coverage.More recent advancements in modern MFL tank bottom scanners afford the ability to scan and record data sets at areas of the tank bottom which were previously classed as dead zones or areas not scanned due to physical restraints.An example of this includes scanning the CZ(critical zone)which is the area close to the annular to shell junction weld.Inclusion of these additional dead zones increases overall inspection coverage,quality and traceability.Inspection of the CZ areas allows engineers to quickly determine the integrity of arguably the most important area of the tank bottom.Herein we discuss notable developments in CZ coverage,inspection efficiency and data integrity that c
文摘Purpose A 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)is a screening tool to detect abnormalities that may predispose athletes to sud-den cardiac death.Newer standardized criteria have been introduced to better interpret ECG data,however this research has predominantly focused on male athletes.It is important to include female athletes in research to better define ECG character-istics in this population.The purpose of this study was to compare the Seattle and International Criteria ECG abnormalities in Division II female collegiate athletes of various ethnicities.Methods Fifty-six females(age 20.2±1.4 years;height 1.70±0.7 m;weight 69.5±8.9 kg)completed a resting 12-lead ECG protocol.ECG data was classified as‘normal’and‘abnormal’according to the parameters of each criterion and abnormal conditions were noted.Chi-square analysis was used to assess statistical comparisons between criteria.Results There was a significant difference in abnormal classifications as the total number of ECGs identified as abnormal using the Seattle Criteria decreased from 12(21.4%)to 2(3.6%)when using the International Criteria(P<0.05).African American athletes had a higher number of abnormal ECG’s compared to White and Latina athletes using the Seattle Criteria(P=0.03).Conclusions The International Criteria significantly reduces the total number of abnormal ECG readings in female collegiate athletes compared to the Seattle Criteria and did not overly identify African American athletes with abnormalities.Further research is necessary to expand on this study and clearly define criteria for female athletes of various ethnicities.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800993,31970934)Natural Science of Foundation of Guangdong,China(2018B030306002)Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen,China(201908073000449)to Q.P.W。
文摘Dietary protein(P)and carbohydrate(C)have a major impact on the sweet taste sensation.However,it remains unclear whether the balance of P and C influences the sweet taste sensitivity.Here,we use the nutritional geometry framework(NGF)to address the interaction of protein and carbohydrates on sweet taste using Drosophila as a model.Our results reveal that high-protein,low-carbohydrate(HPLC)diets sensitize to sweet taste and low-protein,high-carbohydrate(LPHC)diets desensitize sweet taste in both male and female flies.We further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of two diets on sweet taste using RNA sequencing.When compared to the LPHC diet,the m RNA expression of genes involved in the metabolism of glycine,serine,and threonine is significantly upregulated in the HPLC diet group,suggesting these amino acids may mediate sweet taste perception.We further find that sweet sensitization occurs in flies fed with the LPHC diet supplemented with serine and threonine.Our study demonstrates that sucrose taste sensitivity is affected by the balance of dietary protein and carbohydrates possibly through changes in serine and threonine.
文摘Background:Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal rotation.However,without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity information in the literature,the detailed mechanism of ankle sprain is still unrevealed.The purpose of our case report is to present 2 accidental ankle giving way incidents for participants with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and compare to their normal trials with data of kinematics,kinetics,and electromyography(EMG).Case description:Two young female participants accidentally experienced the ankle giving way when landing on a 25°lateral-tilted force plate.3 D kinematics,kinetics,and muscle activity were recorded for the lower extremity.Qualitative comparisons were made between the giving way trials and normal trials for joint angles,angular velocities,moments,centers of pressure and EMG linear envelopes.Results:One participant’s giving way trial displayed increased ankle inversion and internal rotation angles in the pre-landing phase and at initial contact compared to her normal trials.Another participant’s giving way trial exhibited greater hip abduction angles and delayed activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the pre-landing phase versus her normal trials.Conclusion:A vulnerable ankle position(i.e.,more inverted and internally rotated),and a late activation of peroneus activity in the pre-landing phase could result in the ankle giving way or even sprains.A neutral ankle position and early activation of ankle evertors before landing may be helpful in preventing ankle sprains.
基金supported by the ANZAC Research Institute Seed Fund.
文摘Background:Wound healing processes are influenced by macronutrient intake(protein,carbohydrate and fat).The most favourable diet for cutaneous wound healing is not known,although highprotein diets are currently favoured clinically.This experimental study investigates the optimal macronutrient balance for cutaneous wound healing using a mouse model and the Geometric Framework,a nutrient modelling method,capable of analyzing the individual and interactive effects of a wide spectrum of macronutrient intake.Methods:Two adjacent and identical full-thickness skin excisions(1 cm^(2))were surgically created on the dorsal area of male C57BL/6 mice.Mice were then allocated to one of 12 high-energy diets that varied in protein,carbohydrate and fat content.In select diets,wound healing processes,cytokine expression,energy expenditure,body composition,muscle and fat reserves were assessed.Results:Using the Geometric Framework,we show that a low-protein intake,coupled with a balanced intake of carbohydrate and fat is optimal for wound healing.Mice fed a low-protein diet progressed quickly through wound healing stages with favourable wound inflammatory cytokine expression and significantly accelerated collagen production.These local processes were associated with an increased early systemic inflammatory response and a higher overall energy expenditure,related to metabolic changes occurring in key macronutrient reserves in lean body mass and fat depots.Conclusions:The results suggest that a low-protein diet may have a greater potential to accelerate wound healing than the current clinically used high-protein diets.
文摘Background:The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability(IdFAI)is a valid and reliable tool to identify chronic ankle instability;however,it was developed in English,thus limiting its usage only to those who can read and write in English.The objectives of our study were to(1)cross-culturally adapt a Chinese(Mandarin)version of the IdFAI and(2)determine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version IdFAI.Methods:The cross-cultural adaptation procedures used by the investigators and translators followed previously published guidelines and included 6 stages:(1)initial translation,(2)synthesis of the translations,(3)back translation,(4)developing the pre-final version for field testing,(5)testing the pre-final version,and(6)finalizing the Chinese version of IdFAI(IdFAI-C).Five psychometric properties of the IdFAI-C were assessed from results of 2 participant groups:bilingual(n=20)and Chinese(n=625).Results:A high degree of agreement was found between the English version of IdFAI and IdFAI-C(intra-class correlation_(2,1)=0.995).An excellent internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.89),test—retest reliability(intra-class correlation_(2,1)=0.970),and construct validity(r(625)=0.67)was also found for the IdFAI-C.In addition,the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that ankle instability was the only construct measured from the IdFAI.Conclusion:The IdFAI-C is a highly reliable and valid self-report questionnaire that can be used to assess ankle instability.Therefore,we suggest that it can be used to effectively and accurately assess chronic ankle instability in clinical settings for Chinese-speaking individuals.
文摘Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology.Results:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise.However,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner.Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens.nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.Conclusion:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.
文摘The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion performance of austenitic-ferritic duplex stain- less steel COR 25 in aqueous solution containing 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4+1500 ppm Cl^- at 95℃ was in- vestigated.When the solution temperature was increased from 950℃ to 1230℃,the corrosion resistance increased by two orders of magnitude, as shown by electrochemical measurements,im- mersion tests and direct observation under the scanning electron microscope.The specimens heat treated at solution temperatures of 950℃ and 1030℃ were severely corroded along the phase boundaries;specimens treated at 113C℃ and 1230℃ tended to selective corrosion caused by the dissimilar chromium contents of the aus- tenite and ferrite phases after heat treatment.
文摘The effect of temperature and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical behaviour of austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel COR 25 in an aqueous solution of 60%H_3PO_4+4%H_2SO_4 is studied in this paper. The experiments show that the anodic active peak current on potentiodynamic polarization increases by an order of magnitude with an in- crease of temperature from 50℃ and with an increase of chloride ion from<1 mg/1 to 1500mg/1. Compared with the other materials tested, the austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel shows favourable corrosion characteristics in electrochemical tests,being comparable to the fully austenitic alloy Sanicro 28,which has a higher chromium and nickel content,and is much better than GX3CrNiMo2010.Corrosion of the duplex material is normally phase selec- tive,with phase boundary attack after unfavour- able heat treatments.
