The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants.Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant,in which a transgene insertion caused increased exp...The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants.Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant,in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene(VcRR2).Mu-legacy plants,compared with nontransgenic‘Legacy’plants,show dwarfing,promotion of flower bud formation,and can flower under nonchilling conditions.We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves,chilled and nonchilled flowering buds,and late-pink buds,and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants.These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENTCOPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1(VcGA1),which induces new homeostasis of hormones,including increased gibberellin 4(GA4)levels in Mu-legacy leaves.Consequently,increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1,which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis,respectively,initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches.In nonchilled flower buds,29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants,of which 22 were chilling responsive.Thus,these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions.We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants.展开更多
The highest part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, more than 4000 m above sea level, has been an area that has seen a considerable scientific research effort undertaken by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedi...The highest part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, more than 4000 m above sea level, has been an area that has seen a considerable scientific research effort undertaken by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, and its international collaborators, since January 2005. That includes the establishment of the most remote Of the Chinese Antarctic stations, Kunlun, at Dome A in 2009. However, the exploration and mapping of this region had been commenced many decades earlier, most notably by inland traverses of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year 0GY） and later; and the extensive surveys of Antarctic surface and sub-ice topography by airborne radio-echo sounding made by the US National Science Foundation-Scott Polar Research Institute-Technical University of Denmark （NSF-SPRI-TUD） in the late-1960s and the 1970s. Here we provide a history of the activities and achievements of these earlier programs. Recent topographic maps of the ice sheet surface in the Dome A region, produced using Chinese GPS data and satellite altimetry, have shown the maps compiled from the earlier data were remarkably accurate.展开更多
基金supported by AgBioResearch of Michigan State University(http://www.canr.msu.edu/research/agbioresearch/)and USDA-NIFA AFRI 1015241 to P.P.E.and G.S.
文摘The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants.Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant,in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene(VcRR2).Mu-legacy plants,compared with nontransgenic‘Legacy’plants,show dwarfing,promotion of flower bud formation,and can flower under nonchilling conditions.We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves,chilled and nonchilled flowering buds,and late-pink buds,and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants.These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENTCOPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1(VcGA1),which induces new homeostasis of hormones,including increased gibberellin 4(GA4)levels in Mu-legacy leaves.Consequently,increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1,which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis,respectively,initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches.In nonchilled flower buds,29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants,of which 22 were chilling responsive.Thus,these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions.We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants.
文摘The highest part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, more than 4000 m above sea level, has been an area that has seen a considerable scientific research effort undertaken by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, and its international collaborators, since January 2005. That includes the establishment of the most remote Of the Chinese Antarctic stations, Kunlun, at Dome A in 2009. However, the exploration and mapping of this region had been commenced many decades earlier, most notably by inland traverses of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year 0GY） and later; and the extensive surveys of Antarctic surface and sub-ice topography by airborne radio-echo sounding made by the US National Science Foundation-Scott Polar Research Institute-Technical University of Denmark （NSF-SPRI-TUD） in the late-1960s and the 1970s. Here we provide a history of the activities and achievements of these earlier programs. Recent topographic maps of the ice sheet surface in the Dome A region, produced using Chinese GPS data and satellite altimetry, have shown the maps compiled from the earlier data were remarkably accurate.
