本文介绍了Bárány协会国际前庭疾病分类(International Classification of Vestibular Disorders,ICVD)委员会和国际头痛协会偏头痛分类小组所提出的"儿童前庭性偏头痛"(vestibular migraine of childhood,VMC)、&q...本文介绍了Bárány协会国际前庭疾病分类(International Classification of Vestibular Disorders,ICVD)委员会和国际头痛协会偏头痛分类小组所提出的"儿童前庭性偏头痛"(vestibular migraine of childhood,VMC)、"很可能的儿童前庭性偏头痛"(probable VMC,pVMC)和"儿童复发性眩晕"(recurrent vertigo of childhood,RVC)的诊断标准。偏头痛在儿童期不同复发性眩晕亚型中起着重要作用。在此分类文件中,VMC、p VMC和RVC这3种与偏头痛相关的一组谱系疾病分类,上述诊断标准中的偏头痛成分为确定、很可能及可能不存在。VMC的诊断标准:(A)至少5次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时;(B)当前或既往有伴或不伴先兆的偏头痛病史;(C)至少50%的发作与至少1种偏头痛样症状相关。pVMC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时,符合VMC诊断标准B或C中的1项。RVC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间为1分钟~72小时,VMC诊断标准中的B和C均不符合。对于以上3种疾病,患者的年龄必须<18岁。建议将来的研究应特别关注RVC,以研究和确定其可能的亚型及其与偏头痛的关系。展开更多
Natural killer (NK) cell is a type of immune cell and is known to be particularly responsible for innate immunity such as anti-cancer immunity, defense mechanisms against infections, and secretion of various cytokines...Natural killer (NK) cell is a type of immune cell and is known to be particularly responsible for innate immunity such as anti-cancer immunity, defense mechanisms against infections, and secretion of various cytokines and chemokines for increasing recruitment of other immune cells. In this study, we investigated the potentials of NK-enriched lymphocytes (NKEL) conditioned media (CM) on skin care for cosmeceutical compositions. Various cytokines of NKEL CM can improve wound healing through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing KLKs (kallikreins) and reduce metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 to inhibit wrinkle formation. Our results suggest that NKEL CM which has various cytokines promotes up-regulation of cell migration and KLKs and down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by stimulating HaCaT keratinocytes migration. Therefore, NKEL CM can be used as a cosmetic composition that can play a role in skin regeneration and anti-aging.展开更多
Liver transplantation (LT) recipients are known to require less anesthetic agents. Providing minimally required anesthetics while avoiding awareness is especially important in LT recipients because it would help manag...Liver transplantation (LT) recipients are known to require less anesthetic agents. Providing minimally required anesthetics while avoiding awareness is especially important in LT recipients because it would help manage perioperative hemodynamic instability with less vasopressor and fast track recovery. This study aims to compare state entropy (SE) against bispectral index (BIS) during isoflurane anesthesia in LT. We adjusted anesthesia to BIS values 40 - 60, and compared it with concomitant SE values. BIS, SE values, and anesthetic requirements according to liver failure severity, etiology and LT stages were analyzed. For BIS-SE differences, SE value that is different from the concomitant BIS by more than 15 was defined as a significant disagreement. Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis test and a Poisson exact test were used for analysis. The BIS-SE pair sets of 2895 from 38 patients were analyzed. BIS, SE values and anesthetic requirements were significantly lower in MELD ≥ 20 (p < 0.001 in all) and in alcoholic etiology (p < 0.001 in all). For BIS-SE differences, 320 disagreement data pairs were seen at a rate of 1.33 times/hr (95% CI = [1.19, 1.48], p < 0.001). A significant disagreement was delineated in MELD score ≥ 20 (3.04 times/hr, CI = [2.64, 3.49], p < 0.001), alcoholic etiology (3.19 times/hr, [2.67, 3.78], p < 0.001) and postreperfusion stage (1.63 times/hr, [1.43, 1.85], p < 0.001). In these significant BIS-SE differences, 95.9% (307/320 disagreement data pairs) showed higher BIS than SE. In conclusion, in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, anesthetic requirements were significantly less, and BIS and SE showed great discrepancy with lower SE values. Therefore, when SE monitoring is used during LT, anesthesiologists may need to consider that in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, SE tends to show lower values than the concomitant BIS values that are within optimal anesthetic depth ranges.展开更多
Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses cause pandemics at an interval of approximately 10-40 years,and pigs are regarded as a＂mixing vessel＂because they are easily infected with avian and human influenza viruses（Ito et al...Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses cause pandemics at an interval of approximately 10-40 years,and pigs are regarded as a＂mixing vessel＂because they are easily infected with avian and human influenza viruses（Ito et al.,1998）.According to previous studies,H3N2,H1N2,and H1N1 subtypes o（swine influenza viruses have been detected in Korean pigs （Pascua et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014; Song et al., 2007）. Moreover, a novel H3N2 influenza virus containing the matrix （34） gene from a 2009 pandemic influenza virus was detected in Korean pigs in 2013 （Pascua et al., 2013）, an H1N2 influenza virus con- taining the internal genes from a 2009 pandemic influ- enza virus was found in Korean pigs in 2014 （Kim et al., 2014）, and an H1N1 influenza virus containing all genes from the classical swine influenza viruses was isolated from Korean pigs in 2007 （Song et al., 2007）.展开更多
Many researchers have described that mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium and immune cells conditioned medium have a clear whitening effect when they are used as cosmetic ingredients. In this study, we confirmed ...Many researchers have described that mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium and immune cells conditioned medium have a clear whitening effect when they are used as cosmetic ingredients. In this study, we confirmed the whitening efficacy of various concentrations of immune cells and stem cell conditioned media. The author tried to study a conditioned medium that has a strong whitening effect even with a composition of less than 20% (the most used concentration in cosmetics). Because of the fact that the conditioned medium contains various cytokines and growth factors secreted by stem cells or immune cells, it is known to have effects such as wound healing, antioxidant, and whitening effect. Recently, stem cells have been used not only in the development of cosmetic raw materials but also in skincare procedures, and there are reports being released of cosmetics using immune cells conditioned medium. The concentration-dependent whitening effect equivalently increased as the concentration of the mono-cultured conditioned medium was obtained through the stem cells or immune cells culture. In the case of co-culture, whitening results are like the effect of positive control such as arbutin in the medium carrying only 10% of the co-cultured conditioned medium. It is possible that enhanced whitening efficiency in co-cultured conditioned medium leads to a major innovation in the global cosmetic market.展开更多
文摘本文介绍了Bárány协会国际前庭疾病分类(International Classification of Vestibular Disorders,ICVD)委员会和国际头痛协会偏头痛分类小组所提出的"儿童前庭性偏头痛"(vestibular migraine of childhood,VMC)、"很可能的儿童前庭性偏头痛"(probable VMC,pVMC)和"儿童复发性眩晕"(recurrent vertigo of childhood,RVC)的诊断标准。偏头痛在儿童期不同复发性眩晕亚型中起着重要作用。在此分类文件中,VMC、p VMC和RVC这3种与偏头痛相关的一组谱系疾病分类,上述诊断标准中的偏头痛成分为确定、很可能及可能不存在。VMC的诊断标准:(A)至少5次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时;(B)当前或既往有伴或不伴先兆的偏头痛病史;(C)至少50%的发作与至少1种偏头痛样症状相关。pVMC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时,符合VMC诊断标准B或C中的1项。RVC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间为1分钟~72小时,VMC诊断标准中的B和C均不符合。对于以上3种疾病,患者的年龄必须<18岁。建议将来的研究应特别关注RVC,以研究和确定其可能的亚型及其与偏头痛的关系。
文摘Natural killer (NK) cell is a type of immune cell and is known to be particularly responsible for innate immunity such as anti-cancer immunity, defense mechanisms against infections, and secretion of various cytokines and chemokines for increasing recruitment of other immune cells. In this study, we investigated the potentials of NK-enriched lymphocytes (NKEL) conditioned media (CM) on skin care for cosmeceutical compositions. Various cytokines of NKEL CM can improve wound healing through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing KLKs (kallikreins) and reduce metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 to inhibit wrinkle formation. Our results suggest that NKEL CM which has various cytokines promotes up-regulation of cell migration and KLKs and down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by stimulating HaCaT keratinocytes migration. Therefore, NKEL CM can be used as a cosmetic composition that can play a role in skin regeneration and anti-aging.
文摘Liver transplantation (LT) recipients are known to require less anesthetic agents. Providing minimally required anesthetics while avoiding awareness is especially important in LT recipients because it would help manage perioperative hemodynamic instability with less vasopressor and fast track recovery. This study aims to compare state entropy (SE) against bispectral index (BIS) during isoflurane anesthesia in LT. We adjusted anesthesia to BIS values 40 - 60, and compared it with concomitant SE values. BIS, SE values, and anesthetic requirements according to liver failure severity, etiology and LT stages were analyzed. For BIS-SE differences, SE value that is different from the concomitant BIS by more than 15 was defined as a significant disagreement. Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis test and a Poisson exact test were used for analysis. The BIS-SE pair sets of 2895 from 38 patients were analyzed. BIS, SE values and anesthetic requirements were significantly lower in MELD ≥ 20 (p < 0.001 in all) and in alcoholic etiology (p < 0.001 in all). For BIS-SE differences, 320 disagreement data pairs were seen at a rate of 1.33 times/hr (95% CI = [1.19, 1.48], p < 0.001). A significant disagreement was delineated in MELD score ≥ 20 (3.04 times/hr, CI = [2.64, 3.49], p < 0.001), alcoholic etiology (3.19 times/hr, [2.67, 3.78], p < 0.001) and postreperfusion stage (1.63 times/hr, [1.43, 1.85], p < 0.001). In these significant BIS-SE differences, 95.9% (307/320 disagreement data pairs) showed higher BIS than SE. In conclusion, in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, anesthetic requirements were significantly less, and BIS and SE showed great discrepancy with lower SE values. Therefore, when SE monitoring is used during LT, anesthesiologists may need to consider that in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, SE tends to show lower values than the concomitant BIS values that are within optimal anesthetic depth ranges.
基金in part funded by a 2015 research fund from Chungnam National University
文摘Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses cause pandemics at an interval of approximately 10-40 years,and pigs are regarded as a＂mixing vessel＂because they are easily infected with avian and human influenza viruses（Ito et al.,1998）.According to previous studies,H3N2,H1N2,and H1N1 subtypes o（swine influenza viruses have been detected in Korean pigs （Pascua et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014; Song et al., 2007）. Moreover, a novel H3N2 influenza virus containing the matrix （34） gene from a 2009 pandemic influenza virus was detected in Korean pigs in 2013 （Pascua et al., 2013）, an H1N2 influenza virus con- taining the internal genes from a 2009 pandemic influ- enza virus was found in Korean pigs in 2014 （Kim et al., 2014）, and an H1N1 influenza virus containing all genes from the classical swine influenza viruses was isolated from Korean pigs in 2007 （Song et al., 2007）.
文摘Many researchers have described that mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium and immune cells conditioned medium have a clear whitening effect when they are used as cosmetic ingredients. In this study, we confirmed the whitening efficacy of various concentrations of immune cells and stem cell conditioned media. The author tried to study a conditioned medium that has a strong whitening effect even with a composition of less than 20% (the most used concentration in cosmetics). Because of the fact that the conditioned medium contains various cytokines and growth factors secreted by stem cells or immune cells, it is known to have effects such as wound healing, antioxidant, and whitening effect. Recently, stem cells have been used not only in the development of cosmetic raw materials but also in skincare procedures, and there are reports being released of cosmetics using immune cells conditioned medium. The concentration-dependent whitening effect equivalently increased as the concentration of the mono-cultured conditioned medium was obtained through the stem cells or immune cells culture. In the case of co-culture, whitening results are like the effect of positive control such as arbutin in the medium carrying only 10% of the co-cultured conditioned medium. It is possible that enhanced whitening efficiency in co-cultured conditioned medium leads to a major innovation in the global cosmetic market.
