In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance si...In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell by varying the thickness of the active layer. PFN-Br interfacial layer entrenched in OPV devices gives overall enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor thus improving device performance. PEDOT: PSS is an electro-conductive polymer solution that has been extensively utilized in solar cell devices as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its strong hole affinity, good thermal and mechanical stability, high work function, and high transparency in the visible range. The structure of the organic solar cell is ITO/PEDOT: PSS/BTP-4F: PBDB-T-2F/PFN-Br/Ag. Firstly, the active layer thickness was optimized to 100 nm;after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 900 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the active layer thickness improves efficiency significantly up to 500 nm, then it decreased with increasing the thickness of the active layer from 600 nm, also notice that the short circuit current and the fill factor decrease with increasing the active layer from 600 nm, while the open voltage circuit increased with increasing the thickness of the active layer. The optimum thickness is 500 nm.展开更多
Background: There are associations between the severity of periodontal diseases and some predisposing factors, such as age, race, and income rate. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the extra-oral d...Background: There are associations between the severity of periodontal diseases and some predisposing factors, such as age, race, and income rate. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the extra-oral digital panoramic radiographic interpretation and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis among some samples concerning Saudi/non-Saudi nationality. Material and Methods: The study comprised a random sample of 298 residents in Saudi Arabia referred to the internship program clinics at the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University. They were according to the age of participants as follows: youth (15 - 24 years), adults (25 - 64 years), and seniors (65 years and over) within two groups according to nationality (Saudi and non-Saudi). Clinical periodontal examination and radiographic extra oral digital panoramic radiographs were done, and then the periodontal parameters, the percentage of bone loss, and the pattern of bone loss were recorded. The data was collected, and the statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, Chi-square test, and T-test and considered a P-value at (p Results: The samples included 62 (20%) youth participants with mean of age (21.806 ± 3.390), 182 (57%) adults’ participants with mean age (42.802 ± 9.094), and 54 (23%) seniors participants with a mean age (69.074 ± 6.810). There were highly statistically significant differences in the comparison between the participants’ ages (P 0.05). Conclusion: At the end of this study, we concluded that there are alterations in clinical and radiographic and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis with the alteration of participants’ ages and nationality.展开更多
Soils developed in the alluvium terraces of the River Nile at Khartoum North, Sudan was analyzed in an attempt to classify it as well as to refer them to their origin. Three river terraces comprising nine profiles wer...Soils developed in the alluvium terraces of the River Nile at Khartoum North, Sudan was analyzed in an attempt to classify it as well as to refer them to their origin. Three river terraces comprising nine profiles were selected to cover the physiographic positions. Lack of B horizon and carbonate accumulation were main pedogenic processes in subsurface horizons, whereas orhric epipedon was developed on top soil surface. The microscopic inspection of heavy sand mineralogy indicated that the origin of the sand was the Ethiopian plateau. The most abundant clay mineral was smectite, followed by illite, kaolinite and chlorite. The presences of micas (illite) and chlorite in all studied soil samples might emphasize that these soils were young from the pedological viewpoint and less weathered. The soils of the River Nile terraces at Khartoum North were classified into: Typic Torrifluvents (1st terrace), Entic Haplocambids (2nd terrace) and Typic Haplocambids (3rd terrace). Mineralogy analysis indicated that the Entisols and Aridisols of the River Nile terraces in the study area had the same origin that of the igneous and metamorphic rocks from Ethiopian plateau.展开更多
The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were ope...The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were opened every day. The main criteria are street, the slope, the hospitals, the police station, and the school, which have been used to build a model of suitability based on weight overlay in ArcGIS 10.4. The findings revealed two evaluation tendencies. One tendency involves business centers that are located on main roads but are adjacent to residential areas, while another involves business centers that have rezoned residential plots without consideration for ideal site requirements for the environment. There are locations that would be appropriate for vehicle wash centers, according to the final suitability map. On a scale of 1 to 5, less than 30% of the study area is considered suitable for a new car wash regarding class 5. On the other hand, significant areas are available for car wash development in the second value of suitability 4, but as second-ranked suitability. The assessment was accomplished by comparing the final suitability map of car washing centers to the layers which represented them.展开更多
Background and Study Aim: Esophageal variceal bleeding is a major medical emergency and one of the most important indications for hospital admission and for blood transfusion. However, the safest and the effective blo...Background and Study Aim: Esophageal variceal bleeding is a major medical emergency and one of the most important indications for hospital admission and for blood transfusion. However, the safest and the effective blood transfusion strategy is controversial. Here, we studied the safety and the effectiveness of the restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Patients and Methods: The study included 342 patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (Restrictive strategy) transfusion when the hemoglobin level is ≤7 g/dl and group II (Liberal strategy): transfusion when the hemoglobin level is ≤9 g/dl. All patients were subjected to complete blood counts, liver and kidney profiles, coagulation profile, pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography and upper GI endoscopy. Clinical outcome measures include rebleeding, infection, allergic transfusion reactions thromboembolic events, and mortality. Results: Of all patients admitted to hospital with esophageal variceal bleeding, the number of transfused RBCs units and hospital stay were more in the liberal transfusion strategy. Also, the overall rate of complications was higher in the liberal transfusion strategy (49.7% versus 38.5% in the restrictive transfusion strategy). The most common complications were rebleeding (26.9%) and infection (21.6%). As regard the death rate, 13 cases (7.6%) died in the restrictive transfusion strategy versus 25 cases (14.6%) in the liberal transfusion one. Conclusions: For esophageal variceal bleeding, restrictive transfusion strategy is better than the liberal one as regard cost-effectiveness, risk of complications and hospital stay with no harm and less mortality as compared to liberal strategy.展开更多
文摘In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell by varying the thickness of the active layer. PFN-Br interfacial layer entrenched in OPV devices gives overall enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor thus improving device performance. PEDOT: PSS is an electro-conductive polymer solution that has been extensively utilized in solar cell devices as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its strong hole affinity, good thermal and mechanical stability, high work function, and high transparency in the visible range. The structure of the organic solar cell is ITO/PEDOT: PSS/BTP-4F: PBDB-T-2F/PFN-Br/Ag. Firstly, the active layer thickness was optimized to 100 nm;after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 900 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the active layer thickness improves efficiency significantly up to 500 nm, then it decreased with increasing the thickness of the active layer from 600 nm, also notice that the short circuit current and the fill factor decrease with increasing the active layer from 600 nm, while the open voltage circuit increased with increasing the thickness of the active layer. The optimum thickness is 500 nm.
文摘Background: There are associations between the severity of periodontal diseases and some predisposing factors, such as age, race, and income rate. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the extra-oral digital panoramic radiographic interpretation and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis among some samples concerning Saudi/non-Saudi nationality. Material and Methods: The study comprised a random sample of 298 residents in Saudi Arabia referred to the internship program clinics at the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University. They were according to the age of participants as follows: youth (15 - 24 years), adults (25 - 64 years), and seniors (65 years and over) within two groups according to nationality (Saudi and non-Saudi). Clinical periodontal examination and radiographic extra oral digital panoramic radiographs were done, and then the periodontal parameters, the percentage of bone loss, and the pattern of bone loss were recorded. The data was collected, and the statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, Chi-square test, and T-test and considered a P-value at (p Results: The samples included 62 (20%) youth participants with mean of age (21.806 ± 3.390), 182 (57%) adults’ participants with mean age (42.802 ± 9.094), and 54 (23%) seniors participants with a mean age (69.074 ± 6.810). There were highly statistically significant differences in the comparison between the participants’ ages (P 0.05). Conclusion: At the end of this study, we concluded that there are alterations in clinical and radiographic and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis with the alteration of participants’ ages and nationality.
文摘Soils developed in the alluvium terraces of the River Nile at Khartoum North, Sudan was analyzed in an attempt to classify it as well as to refer them to their origin. Three river terraces comprising nine profiles were selected to cover the physiographic positions. Lack of B horizon and carbonate accumulation were main pedogenic processes in subsurface horizons, whereas orhric epipedon was developed on top soil surface. The microscopic inspection of heavy sand mineralogy indicated that the origin of the sand was the Ethiopian plateau. The most abundant clay mineral was smectite, followed by illite, kaolinite and chlorite. The presences of micas (illite) and chlorite in all studied soil samples might emphasize that these soils were young from the pedological viewpoint and less weathered. The soils of the River Nile terraces at Khartoum North were classified into: Typic Torrifluvents (1st terrace), Entic Haplocambids (2nd terrace) and Typic Haplocambids (3rd terrace). Mineralogy analysis indicated that the Entisols and Aridisols of the River Nile terraces in the study area had the same origin that of the igneous and metamorphic rocks from Ethiopian plateau.
文摘The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were opened every day. The main criteria are street, the slope, the hospitals, the police station, and the school, which have been used to build a model of suitability based on weight overlay in ArcGIS 10.4. The findings revealed two evaluation tendencies. One tendency involves business centers that are located on main roads but are adjacent to residential areas, while another involves business centers that have rezoned residential plots without consideration for ideal site requirements for the environment. There are locations that would be appropriate for vehicle wash centers, according to the final suitability map. On a scale of 1 to 5, less than 30% of the study area is considered suitable for a new car wash regarding class 5. On the other hand, significant areas are available for car wash development in the second value of suitability 4, but as second-ranked suitability. The assessment was accomplished by comparing the final suitability map of car washing centers to the layers which represented them.
文摘Background and Study Aim: Esophageal variceal bleeding is a major medical emergency and one of the most important indications for hospital admission and for blood transfusion. However, the safest and the effective blood transfusion strategy is controversial. Here, we studied the safety and the effectiveness of the restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Patients and Methods: The study included 342 patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (Restrictive strategy) transfusion when the hemoglobin level is ≤7 g/dl and group II (Liberal strategy): transfusion when the hemoglobin level is ≤9 g/dl. All patients were subjected to complete blood counts, liver and kidney profiles, coagulation profile, pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography and upper GI endoscopy. Clinical outcome measures include rebleeding, infection, allergic transfusion reactions thromboembolic events, and mortality. Results: Of all patients admitted to hospital with esophageal variceal bleeding, the number of transfused RBCs units and hospital stay were more in the liberal transfusion strategy. Also, the overall rate of complications was higher in the liberal transfusion strategy (49.7% versus 38.5% in the restrictive transfusion strategy). The most common complications were rebleeding (26.9%) and infection (21.6%). As regard the death rate, 13 cases (7.6%) died in the restrictive transfusion strategy versus 25 cases (14.6%) in the liberal transfusion one. Conclusions: For esophageal variceal bleeding, restrictive transfusion strategy is better than the liberal one as regard cost-effectiveness, risk of complications and hospital stay with no harm and less mortality as compared to liberal strategy.
