Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dim...Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.展开更多
Interleukin-37b(hereafter called IL-37)was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity.The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer(CRC)has been elusive.Here,we found tha...Interleukin-37b(hereafter called IL-37)was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity.The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer(CRC)has been elusive.Here,we found that IL-37 transgenic(IL-37tg)mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)and suffered from dramatically increased tumor burdens in colon.Nevertheless,IL-37 is dispensable for intestinal mutagenesis,and CRC cell proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.Notably,IL-37 dampened protective cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity in CAC and B16-OVA models.CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction is defined by reduced retention and activation as well as failure to proliferate and produce cytotoxic cytokines in IL-37tg mice,enabling tumor evasion of immune surveillance.The dysfunction led by IL-37 antagonizes IL-18–induced proliferation and effector function of CD8+T cells,which was dependent on SIGIRR(single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related protein).Finally,we observed that IL-37 levels were significantly increased in CRC patients,and positively correlated with serum CRC biomarker CEA levels,but negatively correlated with the CD8+T cell infiltration in CRC patients.Our findings highlight the role of IL-37 in harnessing antitumor immunity by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells and establish a new defined inhibitory factor IL-37/SIGIRR in cancerimmunity cycle as therapeutic targets in CRC.展开更多
Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct re...Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors. Methods NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors （OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC）, iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained. Results Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.展开更多
The spikelet number per spike(SNS)contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Identifying various genes that control wheat SNS is vital for yield improvement.This study used a recombinant inbred line population genoty...The spikelet number per spike(SNS)contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Identifying various genes that control wheat SNS is vital for yield improvement.This study used a recombinant inbred line population genotyped by the Wheat55K single-nucleotide polymorphism array to identify two major and stably expressed quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for SNS.One of them(QSns.sau-2SY-2D.1)was reported previously,while the other(QSns.sau-2SY-7A)was newly detected and further analyzed in this study.QSns.sau-2SY-7A had a high LOD value ranging from 4.46 to 16.00 and explained 10.21-40.78%of the phenotypic variances.QSns.sau-2SY-7A was flanked by the markers AX-110518554 and AX-110094527 in a 4.75-cM interval on chromosome arm 7AL.The contributions and interactions of both major QTLs were further analyzed and discussed.The effect of QSns.sau-2SY-7A was successfully validated by developing a tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR marker in an F_(2:3) population and a panel of 101 high-generation breeding wheat lines.Furthermore,several genes including the previously reported WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1(WAPO1),an ortholog of the rice gene ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1(APO1)related to SNS,were predicted in the interval of QSns.sau-2SY-7A.In summary,these results revealed the genetic basis of the multi-spikelet genotype of wheat line 20828 and will facilitate subsequent fine mapping and breeding utilization of the major QTLs.展开更多
The effect of vanadium carbide（VC） on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of ...The effect of vanadium carbide（VC） on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of VC and Al5Ti1 B were also compared. The refined samples of commercial pure aluminum were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. The results suggest that VC is a good refiner of commercial pure aluminum. The addition of only 0.3wt% VC can decrease the grain size of aluminum to 102 μm, whereas the casting temperature and holding time have little effect on the grain size. The refining efficiency of VC is better than that of Al5Ti1 B. The VC particles in molten aluminum act as nuclei and the grain refinement of aluminum alloys by VC particles is achieved via heterogeneous nucleation.展开更多
Uppermost-internode diameter(UID)is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat.Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown.Here,quantitative trait loci(...Uppermost-internode diameter(UID)is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat.Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown.Here,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for UID with high-density genetic maps were identified in five wheat recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations.In total,25 QTLs for UID were detected in five RIL populations,and they were located on chromosomes 1A,1D(3 QTL),2B(2),2D(3),3B,3D,4A,4B(3),4D,5A(5),5B(2),6B,and 7D.Of them,five major and stable QTLs(QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D,QUid.sau-QZ-2D,QUid.sau-SC-3D,and QUid.sau-AS-4 B)were identified from each of the five RIL populations in multiple environments.QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D and QUid.sau-SC-3D are novel QTLs.Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers tightly linked to them were further investigated for developing near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying the major loci.Furthermore,candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted,and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases.Comparison of physical locations of the identified QTL on the‘Chinese Spring’reference genome showed that several QTLs including two major ones,QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1 and QUid.sau-2 SY-1 D,are likely allelic confirming their validity and effectiveness.The significant relationships detected between UID and other agronomic traits and a proper UID were discussed.Collectively,our results dissected the underlying genetic basis for UID in wheat and laid a foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of these QTLs.展开更多
We propose an efficient method of generating a vortex beam with multi-foci by using a fractal spiral zone plate(FSZP), which is designed by combining fractal structure with a spiral zone plate(SZP) in the squared radi...We propose an efficient method of generating a vortex beam with multi-foci by using a fractal spiral zone plate(FSZP), which is designed by combining fractal structure with a spiral zone plate(SZP) in the squared radial coordinate.The theoretical analysis reveals that the number of foci that embed vortices is significantly increased as compared with that obtained by using a conventional SZP. Furthermore, the influence of topological charge on the intensity distribution in focal plane is also discussed in detail. For experimental investigation, an FSZP with topological charge p = 1 and 6.4 mm diameter is fabricated by using a photo-etching technique. The calibration indicates that the focusing performances of such a kind of zone plane(ZP) accord well with simulations, thereby providing its potential applications in multi-dimensional optical manipulation and optical imaging technology.展开更多
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset （VBO） at the GaN/Ge heterostructure interface. The VBO is directly determined to be 1.13 ±0.19 eV, according to the relationship...X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset （VBO） at the GaN/Ge heterostructure interface. The VBO is directly determined to be 1.13 ±0.19 eV, according to the relationship between the conduction band offset AEc and the valence band offset △Ev：△Ec =EgGaN -EgGe - △Ev, and taking the room-temperature band-gaps as 3.4 and 0.67eV for GaN and Ge, respectively. The conduction band offset is deduced to be 1.6±0.19 eV, which indicates a type-I band alignment for GaN/Ge. Accurate determination of the valence and conduction band offsets is important for the use of GaN/Ge based devices.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872675 and No. 30901549）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08411965100）, and 2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University （No. 11L-24）.
文摘Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81472650,81602763,81573050,82003358,81673061,81703132,31872739,31271483)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province[2020YFS0271]+5 种基金Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M592673,2018M631087,and 2017T100700)the Sichuan Provincial Outstanding Youth Fund(2015JQ0025)the Postdoctoral Fund for West China Hospital(2019HXBH075)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019SCU12041,the Postdoctoral Foundation of Sichuan University)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2018ZX09733001-001-006 and 2019ZX09201003-003)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0420).
文摘Interleukin-37b(hereafter called IL-37)was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity.The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer(CRC)has been elusive.Here,we found that IL-37 transgenic(IL-37tg)mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)and suffered from dramatically increased tumor burdens in colon.Nevertheless,IL-37 is dispensable for intestinal mutagenesis,and CRC cell proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.Notably,IL-37 dampened protective cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity in CAC and B16-OVA models.CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction is defined by reduced retention and activation as well as failure to proliferate and produce cytotoxic cytokines in IL-37tg mice,enabling tumor evasion of immune surveillance.The dysfunction led by IL-37 antagonizes IL-18–induced proliferation and effector function of CD8+T cells,which was dependent on SIGIRR(single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related protein).Finally,we observed that IL-37 levels were significantly increased in CRC patients,and positively correlated with serum CRC biomarker CEA levels,but negatively correlated with the CD8+T cell infiltration in CRC patients.Our findings highlight the role of IL-37 in harnessing antitumor immunity by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells and establish a new defined inhibitory factor IL-37/SIGIRR in cancerimmunity cycle as therapeutic targets in CRC.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Program （No. 2010CB945500, No. 2012CB966300, and No. 2009CB941100）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81271003 and No. 81200936）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08dj140053）, and 2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University （11L-24）.Acknowledgements： We are grateful to technicians CHEN Lu-ping, SHEN Yi-wen and TANG Qi-sheng in our lab for their kind assistance in animal preparation and cell culture. We also thank Dr. SHA Hong-ying for picture processing and helpful comments and suggestions.
文摘Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors. Methods NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors （OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC）, iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained. Results Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.
基金supported by the projects from the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, China (2020YJ0140 and 2021YJ0503)the International Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchanges Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, China (2021YFH0083 and 2022YFH0053)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971937 and 31970243)the Key Projects of Scientific and Technological Activities for Overseas Students of Sichuan Province, China
文摘The spikelet number per spike(SNS)contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Identifying various genes that control wheat SNS is vital for yield improvement.This study used a recombinant inbred line population genotyped by the Wheat55K single-nucleotide polymorphism array to identify two major and stably expressed quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for SNS.One of them(QSns.sau-2SY-2D.1)was reported previously,while the other(QSns.sau-2SY-7A)was newly detected and further analyzed in this study.QSns.sau-2SY-7A had a high LOD value ranging from 4.46 to 16.00 and explained 10.21-40.78%of the phenotypic variances.QSns.sau-2SY-7A was flanked by the markers AX-110518554 and AX-110094527 in a 4.75-cM interval on chromosome arm 7AL.The contributions and interactions of both major QTLs were further analyzed and discussed.The effect of QSns.sau-2SY-7A was successfully validated by developing a tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR marker in an F_(2:3) population and a panel of 101 high-generation breeding wheat lines.Furthermore,several genes including the previously reported WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1(WAPO1),an ortholog of the rice gene ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1(APO1)related to SNS,were predicted in the interval of QSns.sau-2SY-7A.In summary,these results revealed the genetic basis of the multi-spikelet genotype of wheat line 20828 and will facilitate subsequent fine mapping and breeding utilization of the major QTLs.
基金financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Nos. 2015KJT0081-2015G, 2015GZ0052, and 13CGZH0200)
文摘The effect of vanadium carbide（VC） on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of VC and Al5Ti1 B were also compared. The refined samples of commercial pure aluminum were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. The results suggest that VC is a good refiner of commercial pure aluminum. The addition of only 0.3wt% VC can decrease the grain size of aluminum to 102 μm, whereas the casting temperature and holding time have little effect on the grain size. The refining efficiency of VC is better than that of Al5Ti1 B. The VC particles in molten aluminum act as nuclei and the grain refinement of aluminum alloys by VC particles is achieved via heterogeneous nucleation.
基金supported by the projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971937 and 31970243)the Key Projects of Scientific and Technological Activities for Overseas Students of Sichuan Province,Chinathe Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China(2020YJ0140)。
文摘Uppermost-internode diameter(UID)is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat.Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown.Here,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for UID with high-density genetic maps were identified in five wheat recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations.In total,25 QTLs for UID were detected in five RIL populations,and they were located on chromosomes 1A,1D(3 QTL),2B(2),2D(3),3B,3D,4A,4B(3),4D,5A(5),5B(2),6B,and 7D.Of them,five major and stable QTLs(QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D,QUid.sau-QZ-2D,QUid.sau-SC-3D,and QUid.sau-AS-4 B)were identified from each of the five RIL populations in multiple environments.QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D and QUid.sau-SC-3D are novel QTLs.Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers tightly linked to them were further investigated for developing near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying the major loci.Furthermore,candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted,and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases.Comparison of physical locations of the identified QTL on the‘Chinese Spring’reference genome showed that several QTLs including two major ones,QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1 and QUid.sau-2 SY-1 D,are likely allelic confirming their validity and effectiveness.The significant relationships detected between UID and other agronomic traits and a proper UID were discussed.Collectively,our results dissected the underlying genetic basis for UID in wheat and laid a foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of these QTLs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11404290 and 61505178)the Major National Scientific Instruments Developing Special Project(Grant No.2012YQ130125)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(Grant No.2013008)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,China(Grant No.172102210481)the Key Scientific Research Projects in Universities of Henan Province,China(Grant No.19B140005)
文摘We propose an efficient method of generating a vortex beam with multi-foci by using a fractal spiral zone plate(FSZP), which is designed by combining fractal structure with a spiral zone plate(SZP) in the squared radial coordinate.The theoretical analysis reveals that the number of foci that embed vortices is significantly increased as compared with that obtained by using a conventional SZP. Furthermore, the influence of topological charge on the intensity distribution in focal plane is also discussed in detail. For experimental investigation, an FSZP with topological charge p = 1 and 6.4 mm diameter is fabricated by using a photo-etching technique. The calibration indicates that the focusing performances of such a kind of zone plane(ZP) accord well with simulations, thereby providing its potential applications in multi-dimensional optical manipulation and optical imaging technology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60776015 and 60976008, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2006CB604907, and the High-Technology R＆D Program of China （Nos 2007AA03Z402 and 2007AA03Z451）.
文摘X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset （VBO） at the GaN/Ge heterostructure interface. The VBO is directly determined to be 1.13 ±0.19 eV, according to the relationship between the conduction band offset AEc and the valence band offset △Ev：△Ec =EgGaN -EgGe - △Ev, and taking the room-temperature band-gaps as 3.4 and 0.67eV for GaN and Ge, respectively. The conduction band offset is deduced to be 1.6±0.19 eV, which indicates a type-I band alignment for GaN/Ge. Accurate determination of the valence and conduction band offsets is important for the use of GaN/Ge based devices.
