目的系统评价中国老年人虐待的发生率。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,搜集中国老年人虐待发生率的横断面研究,检索时限均从建库至2019年7月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评...目的系统评价中国老年人虐待的发生率。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,搜集中国老年人虐待发生率的横断面研究,检索时限均从建库至2019年7月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的质量后,采用R 3.5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11个横断面研究,包括23020例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国老年人虐待发生率为20.29%[95%CI(12.9%,28.9%)]。其中情感虐待的发生率最高,为15.06%[95%CI(10.2%,20.6%)]。随着年龄增加,老年人虐待发生率升高,60岁及以上者为19.76%,70岁及以上者为22.24%,80岁及以上者为29.19%。男性和女性老年人虐待发生率分别为20.1%和23.64%。文盲和非文盲分别为29.39%和22.52%。已婚老年人为28.24%,离异/单身/丧偶者为31.38%。独居老人虐待发生率最高50.67%,与家人居住者和养老机构老年人虐待发生率分别为39.42%和29.94%。未患慢性疾病的老年人虐待发生率(16.05%)低于患有慢性疾病的老年人(25.49%),日常生活能力正常者虐待发生率(26.89%)低于减退者(48.78%)。城市居住者为18.46%,农村居住者为19.69%。结论中国老年人虐待发生率较高,且随着年龄增加有升高趋势,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住形式和空间、健康状态的老年人群的虐待发生率存在一定差异。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。展开更多
Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure.Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis.We find that the elevated glucose concen...Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure.Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis.We find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive mesothelial cell pyroptosis in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasdermin E,driving downstream inflammatory responses,including the activation of macrophages.Moreover,pyroptosis is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A and C,two key factors in vascular angiogenesis and lymphatic vessel formation.GSDME deficiency mice are protected from high glucose induced peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure.Application of melatonin abrogates mesothelial cell pyroptosis through a MT1R-mediated action,and successfully reduces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in an animal model while preserving dialysis efficacy.Mechanistically,melatonin treatment maintains mitochondrial integrity in mesothelial cells,meanwhile activating m TOR signaling through an increase in the glycolysis product dihydroxyacetone phosphate.These effects together with quenching free radicals by melatonin help mesothelial cells maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of high-glucose stress.Thus,Melatonin treatment holds some promise in preserving mesothelium integrity and in decreasing angiogenesis to protect peritoneum function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.展开更多
Background:As a response to a severe HIV epidemic in the Liangshan Prefecture,one of the worst in China,population based HIV interventions,including two population-wide HIV screening,have been carried out since 2005 a...Background:As a response to a severe HIV epidemic in the Liangshan Prefecture,one of the worst in China,population based HIV interventions,including two population-wide HIV screening,have been carried out since 2005 at two townships in a remote mountainous region of Liangshan.The objective of our mathematical modeling study is to assess the temporal dynamics of the HIV epidemic in the two townships based on the data collected in the study area during the period 2005e2010.Methods:A mathematical model was set up to describe the population dynamics of HIV transmission in study area.The model was calibrated by fitting it to the HIV testing and treatment data from 2005 to 2008.Validation of the model was done by comparing its predicted value of HIV prevalence in 2010 to the prevalence data obtained in the 2010 population wide HIV testing.The validated model was used to produce estimation of HIV incidence,prevalence and death.Results:Our model estimations show that population-based HIV interventions have significantly slowed down the rise of the HIV epidemic in the two townships.Over the five-year period from 2005 to 2010,the year-over-year rate of increase in HIV incidence,prevalence,and death has declined by 91.5%,28.7%,and 52.3%,respectively.Conclusion:Mathematical models,when integrated with epidemiological and surveillance data,can be an effective tool for predicting the temporal dynamics of HIV and assessing the impacts of HIV interventions.展开更多
The long-chain ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16mimCl) was used as atemplate to prepare cerium-doped MCM-48 materials inbasic medium by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. Theeffect of the amo...The long-chain ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16mimCl) was used as atemplate to prepare cerium-doped MCM-48 materials inbasic medium by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. Theeffect of the amount of Ce salt and C16mimCl/Si on thesynthesis were discussed in detail. This mesoporousmaterial exhibits a pore architecture which is cubic Ia3dgyroid and possesses a large surface area and a narrowpore distribution. Cerium in calcined porous frameworkexists in the form of well-dispersed tetrahedral coordination.The C16mimCl shows a high tendency toward selfaggregationthat allows the formation of the ceriumdopedgyroid mesostructure by using the appropriateamount of Ce salt.展开更多
Research was focused on slag corrosion mechanism of high chrome bricks used for different types of gasifier by comparing the structure of high chrome bricks for petroleum coke gasifier and water-coal slurry gasifier w...Research was focused on slag corrosion mechanism of high chrome bricks used for different types of gasifier by comparing the structure of high chrome bricks for petroleum coke gasifier and water-coal slurry gasifier with slag corroded testing brick and water coal slurry gasifier through Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） examination and X-ray diffi＇action. Results show that for high chrome brick used for petroleum coke gasifier, corrosion is mainly caused by Cr2O3 in the brick and V2O5 in molten slag and liquid phase generation at low temperature; for high chrome brick used for water-coal slurry gasifier, corrosion is caused by dissolution of Cr2O3 in molten slag and corrosion of ZrO2. For LIRR-HK95 brick, it performs better petroleum coke corrosion resistance than the others due to the optimal composition and structure.展开更多
文摘目的系统评价中国老年人虐待的发生率。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,搜集中国老年人虐待发生率的横断面研究,检索时限均从建库至2019年7月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的质量后,采用R 3.5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11个横断面研究,包括23020例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国老年人虐待发生率为20.29%[95%CI(12.9%,28.9%)]。其中情感虐待的发生率最高,为15.06%[95%CI(10.2%,20.6%)]。随着年龄增加,老年人虐待发生率升高,60岁及以上者为19.76%,70岁及以上者为22.24%,80岁及以上者为29.19%。男性和女性老年人虐待发生率分别为20.1%和23.64%。文盲和非文盲分别为29.39%和22.52%。已婚老年人为28.24%,离异/单身/丧偶者为31.38%。独居老人虐待发生率最高50.67%,与家人居住者和养老机构老年人虐待发生率分别为39.42%和29.94%。未患慢性疾病的老年人虐待发生率(16.05%)低于患有慢性疾病的老年人(25.49%),日常生活能力正常者虐待发生率(26.89%)低于减退者(48.78%)。城市居住者为18.46%,农村居住者为19.69%。结论中国老年人虐待发生率较高,且随着年龄增加有升高趋势,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住形式和空间、健康状态的老年人群的虐待发生率存在一定差异。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2005002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970642,81370460,81700580,81670668,22222409)+1 种基金Key research and development grant from The Department of Science and Technology,Liaoning ProvinceInnovative Leading Researcher grant from the Department of Science and Technology,Dalian,and Key Laboratory of Immune,Genetic and Metabolic Kidney Diseases,Dalian,and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2018212)。
文摘Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure.Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis.We find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive mesothelial cell pyroptosis in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasdermin E,driving downstream inflammatory responses,including the activation of macrophages.Moreover,pyroptosis is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A and C,two key factors in vascular angiogenesis and lymphatic vessel formation.GSDME deficiency mice are protected from high glucose induced peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure.Application of melatonin abrogates mesothelial cell pyroptosis through a MT1R-mediated action,and successfully reduces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in an animal model while preserving dialysis efficacy.Mechanistically,melatonin treatment maintains mitochondrial integrity in mesothelial cells,meanwhile activating m TOR signaling through an increase in the glycolysis product dihydroxyacetone phosphate.These effects together with quenching free radicals by melatonin help mesothelial cells maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of high-glucose stress.Thus,Melatonin treatment holds some promise in preserving mesothelium integrity and in decreasing angiogenesis to protect peritoneum function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
基金This study was supported by grants from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)(grant no.RGPIN 238901-2010)Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI)(project#7112),the International Development Research Center of Canada(IDRC)(grant#104519-010)+1 种基金University of Alberta China Opportunity Fund,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2009ZX10004-905,2011ZX10001-002,2013ZX10004-908,2012ZX10001-002)a Chinese State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Development Grant.
文摘Background:As a response to a severe HIV epidemic in the Liangshan Prefecture,one of the worst in China,population based HIV interventions,including two population-wide HIV screening,have been carried out since 2005 at two townships in a remote mountainous region of Liangshan.The objective of our mathematical modeling study is to assess the temporal dynamics of the HIV epidemic in the two townships based on the data collected in the study area during the period 2005e2010.Methods:A mathematical model was set up to describe the population dynamics of HIV transmission in study area.The model was calibrated by fitting it to the HIV testing and treatment data from 2005 to 2008.Validation of the model was done by comparing its predicted value of HIV prevalence in 2010 to the prevalence data obtained in the 2010 population wide HIV testing.The validated model was used to produce estimation of HIV incidence,prevalence and death.Results:Our model estimations show that population-based HIV interventions have significantly slowed down the rise of the HIV epidemic in the two townships.Over the five-year period from 2005 to 2010,the year-over-year rate of increase in HIV incidence,prevalence,and death has declined by 91.5%,28.7%,and 52.3%,respectively.Conclusion:Mathematical models,when integrated with epidemiological and surveillance data,can be an effective tool for predicting the temporal dynamics of HIV and assessing the impacts of HIV interventions.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province/China(Grant No.2003E0005Z).
文摘The long-chain ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16mimCl) was used as atemplate to prepare cerium-doped MCM-48 materials inbasic medium by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. Theeffect of the amount of Ce salt and C16mimCl/Si on thesynthesis were discussed in detail. This mesoporousmaterial exhibits a pore architecture which is cubic Ia3dgyroid and possesses a large surface area and a narrowpore distribution. Cerium in calcined porous frameworkexists in the form of well-dispersed tetrahedral coordination.The C16mimCl shows a high tendency toward selfaggregationthat allows the formation of the ceriumdopedgyroid mesostructure by using the appropriateamount of Ce salt.
文摘Research was focused on slag corrosion mechanism of high chrome bricks used for different types of gasifier by comparing the structure of high chrome bricks for petroleum coke gasifier and water-coal slurry gasifier with slag corroded testing brick and water coal slurry gasifier through Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） examination and X-ray diffi＇action. Results show that for high chrome brick used for petroleum coke gasifier, corrosion is mainly caused by Cr2O3 in the brick and V2O5 in molten slag and liquid phase generation at low temperature; for high chrome brick used for water-coal slurry gasifier, corrosion is caused by dissolution of Cr2O3 in molten slag and corrosion of ZrO2. For LIRR-HK95 brick, it performs better petroleum coke corrosion resistance than the others due to the optimal composition and structure.
