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Assessment of the Integrity and Retention of Chromium (VI) in Portland Cement Pastes
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作者 Ferreira Raul Tadeu Lobato Fortaleza Dário Batista +3 位作者 Amorim Kelly Aparecida da Encarnação Lira Fernanda Silva Silva Marizete helena pereira Wagner Batista Santos 《Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science》 2021年第1期1-17,共17页
Chromium is a heavy metal used for various applications such as in the manufacture of stainless steels, in chemicals for wood treatment, in tanneries, and in the refractory industry. The main problem associated with t... Chromium is a heavy metal used for various applications such as in the manufacture of stainless steels, in chemicals for wood treatment, in tanneries, and in the refractory industry. The main problem associated with the use of chromium in these activities is the considerable volume of contaminated effluent that requires treatment, mainly due to its high mobility and toxicity in its hexavalent form. Immobilization methods arise as an efficient solution for the treatment of these wastes through converting them into inert and stable materials. The present paper aims to investigate Portland cement II’s paste properties with potassium dichromate addition in order to verify the chromium immobilization process. Analyses of moisture content, water absorption, axial compressive strength, and solubilization were done in samples at 7 and 28 days with 0%;0.5%;1.05;1.5%;2.0% and 2.5% potassium dichromate addition. The results showed the influence of this salt in cement hydration reactions, damaging the mechanical behavior and the water absorption capability of the material produced. In the solubilization test, all compositions had >99% efficiency of chromium immobilization in both ages of hydration, thus demonstrating the capability of a cementitious matrix to stabilize this metal. 展开更多
关键词 WASTES Solidification-Stabilization CHROMIUM SOLUBILIZATION
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Cytokines and T Helper Cells in Diabetic Nephropathy Pathogenesis 被引量:1
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作者 Liliane Silvano Araújo Marcos Vinícius da Silva +6 位作者 Crislaine Aparecida da Silva Maria Luiza Reis Monteiro Lívia helena de Morais pereira Laura Penna Rocha Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa Marlene Antônia Reis Juliana Reis Machado 《Journal of Diabetes Mellitus》 2016年第4期230-246,共17页
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is considered the main cause of end stage kidney disease around the world. However, its pathogenesis is not completely established. More than just a direct consequence of chronic glycemic cha... Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is considered the main cause of end stage kidney disease around the world. However, its pathogenesis is not completely established. More than just a direct consequence of chronic glycemic changes, recent studies had suggested Diabetic Nephropathy could be considered an inflammatory disease. It has been shown that concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, IFN-γ and TNF-α actively participate in development and progression of DN, and thus, are involved in pathogenesis. Besides, changes in acquired immune response, especially the presence of cellular immune response profiles of pro-inflammatory and effector nature, mainly Th1 and Th17, as the imbalance between interaction of cytokines and T regulatory cells, foment the onset and progression of DN. Here we summarize the main evidences that support the critical role of the immune system in this condition. These new conceptual advances in DN understanding are essential for development of new the rapeutical strategies and prognostic factors, which could be protagonists or adjuvants to the current ones, leading ultimately to a better clinical management of DN patients. 展开更多
关键词 Diabetic Nephropathy CYTOKINES Cellular Immunity
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