Aim: A discussion of the measurement of functional status in cardiovascular research. Background: Selection of appropriate outcome measures and instrumentation is vital for nurse researchers to ensure that outcomes al...Aim: A discussion of the measurement of functional status in cardiovascular research. Background: Selection of appropriate outcome measures and instrumentation is vital for nurse researchers to ensure that outcomes align conceptually and are measured using reliable and valid tools. Functional status is a well-known outcome in cardiovascular research—however attention to underlying conceptual differences that may influence choices of whether to include subjective or objective measures is needed. Design: This work is a discussion paper: seminal research reporting the development, validation, and reliability testing of the NYHA classification system and the Duke Treadmill Score. Implications for nursing: Conceptually clarity and comprehensive appraisal of the reliability and validity of outcome measures in nursing research are essential to ensure high level of quality outcomes that will benefit patients.展开更多
Aims: To determine clinical correlates and optimal treatment strategy in patients with cardiogenic shock(CS) on admission. Methods and results: In SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic ...Aims: To determine clinical correlates and optimal treatment strategy in patients with cardiogenic shock(CS) on admission. Methods and results: In SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic shocK?(SHOCK) trial and registry patients with left ventricular(LV) dysfunction(n=1053), CS on admission occurred in 26% of directly admitted patients(n=166/627). Time from myocardial infarction to CS was shorter, initial haemodynamic profile poorer, and aggressive treatment less frequent in CS on admission than in delayed CS patients. CS on admission patients constituted a smaller relative proportion(11% ) of the transferred(n=48/426) when compared with the directly admitted cohort(P< 0.001). Inhospital mortality was higher(75 vs. 56% ; P< 0.001) with more rapid death(24-h mortality 40 vs. 17% ; P< 0.001) in CS on admission than in delayed CS patients. Emergency revascularization reduced in-hospital mortality in CS on admission(60 vs. 82% ; P=0.001) and in delayed CS patients similarly(46 vs.62% ; P< 0.001; interaction P=0.25). After adjustment for clinical differences, CS on admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality(P=0.008). Conclusion: CS on admission patients have a worse outcome but benefit equally from emergency revascularization as delayed CS patients, emphasizing the need for rapid and direct access of CS on admission patients to facilities providing this care.展开更多
Introduction:Nicholas Harkness,professor of Anthropology at Harvard University,is a leading anthropologist specializing in linguistic and semiotic approaches to sociocultural analysis and theory.His research in South ...Introduction:Nicholas Harkness,professor of Anthropology at Harvard University,is a leading anthropologist specializing in linguistic and semiotic approaches to sociocultural analysis and theory.His research in South Korea has resulted in publications on various topics,including voice,language,music,religion,ritual,kinship,liquor,and the city of Seoul.His first book,Songs of Seoul:An Ethnography of Voice and Voicing in Christian South Korea (University of California Press,2014),was awarded the Edward Sapir Book Prize by the Society for Linguistic Anthropology (Co-Winner,2014,American Anthropological Association).Harkness’s second book is titled Glossolalia and the Problem of Language (University of Chicago Press,2021).A number of his papers have been devoted to developing an anthropological approach to"qualia".These papers incorporate the innovations of contemporary semiotics into the ethnographic theorization of sensuous social life.Recently,Professor Zhao Xingzhi (Sichuan University) and Professor Xue Chen (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China),on behalf of Signs&Media,had the honour to interview Professor Harkness on various questions related to linguistic and semiotic anthropology.展开更多
We present a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique for the characterisation of biological and non-biological samples at nano-scale level. Scanning Electron Microscopy has been around for a long while especially...We present a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique for the characterisation of biological and non-biological samples at nano-scale level. Scanning Electron Microscopy has been around for a long while especially in material science laboratories in developed countries. The SEM has enabled scientist to have a better understanding of microstructure by providing unsurpassed optical magnifications of samples. In this introductory paper, we introduce the techniques of using SEM to capture highly magnified microstructure of a fly found on an African soybean (Glycine max) seed. We are able to estimate the number of lenses in each eye and zoom into features that could describe its life characteristics. Hexagonal lenses are estimated to have sizes ranging from 14 um to 19 um. This paper also presents a finding of a sea coral “pie like structure” on a single grain of sand used for water filtration.展开更多
Infrared imaging is a crucial technique in a multitude of applications,including night vision,autonomous vehicle navigation,optical tomography,and food quality control.Conventional infrared imaging technologies,howeve...Infrared imaging is a crucial technique in a multitude of applications,including night vision,autonomous vehicle navigation,optical tomography,and food quality control.Conventional infrared imaging technologies,however,require the use of materials such as narrow bandgap semiconductors,which are sensitive to thermal noise and often require cryogenic cooling.We demonstrate a compact all-optical alternative to perform infrared imaging in a metasurface composed of GaAs semiconductor nanoantennas,using a nonlinear wave-mixing process.We experimentally show the upconversion of short-wave infrared wavelengths via the coherent parametric process of sum-frequency generation.In this process,an infrared image of a target is mixed inside the metasurface with a strong pump beam,translating the image from the infrared to the visible in a nanoscale ultrathin imaging device.Our results open up new opportunities for the development of compact infrared imaging devices with applications in infrared vision and life sciences.展开更多
Highly integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems underpin the development of next-generation advanced optical and quantum communication technologies,which require compact,multiwavelength laser sources at the tele...Highly integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems underpin the development of next-generation advanced optical and quantum communication technologies,which require compact,multiwavelength laser sources at the telecom band.Here,we report on-substrate vertical emitting lasing from ordered InGaAs/InP multi-quantum well core–shell nanowire array epitaxially grown on InP substrate by selective area epitaxy.To reduce optical loss and tailor the cavity mode,a new nanowire facet engineering approach has been developed to achieve controlled quantum well nanowire dimensions with uniform morphology and high crystal quality.Owing to the strong quantum confinement effect of InGaAs quantum wells and the successful formation of a vertical Fabry–Pérot cavity between the top nanowire facet and bottom nanowire/SiO_(2) mask interface,stimulated emissions of the EH11a/b mode from single vertical nanowires from an on-substrate nanowire array have been demonstrated with a lasing threshold of~28.2μJ cm^(−2) per pulse and a high characteristic temperature of~128 K.By fine-tuning the In composition of the quantum wells,room temperature,single-mode lasing is achieved in the vertical direction across a broad near-infrared spectral range,spanning from 940 nm to the telecommunication O and C bands.Our research indicates that through a carefully designed facet engineering strategy,highly ordered,uniform nanowire arrays with precise dimension control can be achieved to simultaneously deliver thousands of nanolasers with multiple wavelengths on the same substrate,paving a promising and scalable pathway towards future advanced optoelectronic and photonic systems.展开更多
The quest for net-zero emissions highlights the signifi-cance of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier,necessitating efficient production methods.Electrochemical water splitting emerges as a crucial method for hydrogen g...The quest for net-zero emissions highlights the signifi-cance of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier,necessitating efficient production methods.Electrochemical water splitting emerges as a crucial method for hydrogen generation,with its further advancement hinging on the development of effective bifunctional catalysts that are efficient in both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,we develop the bifunctional electrocatalyst NiFe(OH)x/Fe/graphene through a simple solution-corrosion approach.The overpotentials required for OER and HER to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) are 237 and 42 mV,respectively,while the overall water splitting occurs at a low cell voltage of 1.51 V for the same current density.Remarkably,the catalyst displays robust stability exceeding 70 h at 20 mA cm^(−2) in 1 M KOH.When scaled to 10×10 cm^(2),its performance is comparable to that of a smaller size 0.5×0.5 cm^(2) electrode,indicating the scalability of our method and potential for industrial-scale hydrogen production.Trace incorporation of iron and the facilitation by graphene modify the electronic structures and coordination environment in the amorphous NiFe(OH)x/Fe/graphene composite.This alteration enhances the distribution of active sites and reduces kinetic barriers for both HER and OER,thereby increasing its bifunctional catalytic activity.This study not only introduces a novel catalyst design that incorporates in-situ Fe metal powder within OER-active catalysts to generate HER active sites for enabling bifunctionality,but also offers a pathway to manufacture high performance electrocatalysts for industrial applications.展开更多
We first report that photoelectrochemical （PEC） performance of electrochemically hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube arrays （TNTAs） as high-efficiency photoanodes for solar water splitting could be well tuned by designing ...We first report that photoelectrochemical （PEC） performance of electrochemically hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube arrays （TNTAs） as high-efficiency photoanodes for solar water splitting could be well tuned by designing and adjusting the phase structure and composition of TNTAs. Among various TNTAs annealed at different temperature ranging from 300 to 700℃, well-crystallized single anatase （A） phase TNTAs-400 photoanode shows the best photoresponse properties and PEC performance due to the favor- able crystallinity, grain size and tubular structures. After electrochemical hydrogenation （EH）. anatase- rutile （A-R） mixed phase EH-TNTAs-600 photoanode exhibits the highest photoactivity and PEC perfor- mance for solar water splitting. Under simulated solar illumination, EH-TNTAs-600 achieves the best photoconversion efficiency of up to 1.52% and maximum H2 generation rate of 40.4 ~mol h i cm-2, our- stripping other EH-TNTAs photoanodes. Systematic studies reveal that the signigicantly enhanced PEC performance for A-R mixed phaes EH-TNTAs-600 photoanode could be attributed to the synergy of A-R mixed phases and intentionally introduced Ti3~ （oxygen vacancies） which enhances the photoactivity over both UV and visible-light regions, and boosts both charge separation and transfer efficiencies. These findings provide new insight and guidelines for the construction of highly efficient TiO2-based devices for the application of solar water splitting.展开更多
雄性不育性状被用在植物育种中,以降低种子生产成本。雄性不育分为细胞核雄性不育(GMS)和细胞质雄性不育(CMS)2种类型,在辣椒商业育种中都有应用。因为缺少恢复源,细胞质雄性不育系统在诸如甜椒等一些辣椒品种上并不适用。因此,细胞核...雄性不育性状被用在植物育种中,以降低种子生产成本。雄性不育分为细胞核雄性不育(GMS)和细胞质雄性不育(CMS)2种类型,在辣椒商业育种中都有应用。因为缺少恢复源,细胞质雄性不育系统在诸如甜椒等一些辣椒品种上并不适用。因此,细胞核雄性不育对于甜椒的种子生产而言就非常重要。本研究构建了一个F2分离群体,利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术获得了一个与甜椒细胞核雄性不育连锁的标记。我们分析了1024对AFLP引物,发现Eco RI ACG/MseIGTT引物扩出了多态性。对多态性AFLP标记所扩增的395bp片段重新设计引物,进行高分辨率熔解曲线分析(HRM)。在92个F2单株中,有87个单株的性状和HRM标记表型相一致。这个HRM标记被定位在AC99连锁图的第5号染色体上。展开更多
Air quality is deteriorating due to continuing urbanization and industrialization.In particular,nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a biologically and environmentally hazardous byproduct from fuel combustion that is ubiquitous...Air quality is deteriorating due to continuing urbanization and industrialization.In particular,nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a biologically and environmentally hazardous byproduct from fuel combustion that is ubiquitous in urban life.To address this issue,we report a high-performance flexible indium phosphide nanomembrane NO_(2)sensor for real-time air quality monitoring.An ultralow limit of detection of~200 ppt and a fast response have been achieved with this device by optimizing the film thickness and doping concentration during indium phosphide epitaxy.By varying the film thickness,a dynamic range of values for NO_(2)detection from parts per trillion(ppt)to parts per million(ppm)level have also been demonstrated under low bias voltage and at room temperature without additional light activation.Flexibility measurements show an adequately stable response after repeated bending.On-site testing of the sensor in a residential kitchen shows that NO_(2)concentration from the gas stove emission could exceed the NO_(2)Time Weighted Average limit,i.e.,200 ppb,highlighting the significance of real-time monitoring.Critically,the indium phosphide nanomembrane sensor element cost is estimated at<0.1 US$due to the miniatured size,nanoscale thickness,and ease of fabrication.With these superior performance characteristics,low cost,and real-world applicability,our indium phosphide nanomembrane sensors offer a promising solution for a variety of air quality monitoring applications.展开更多
The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is a potentially fatal respiratory viral infection that has had outbreaks in the Middle East and Asia region starting in 2012. As recent as 2015, MERS had outbreaks in S...The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is a potentially fatal respiratory viral infection that has had outbreaks in the Middle East and Asia region starting in 2012. As recent as 2015, MERS had outbreaks in South Korea, resulting in 36 deaths among 186 infected patients. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an in-depth understanding of how this viral infection behaves in outbreaks and how it is spread around the globe. To gain insight, real time analysis was performed under a case study methodology based on pooled data from the Ministry of Health & Welfare of South Korea. We calculated a striated mortality rate based on gender, age, and the presence of pre-existing health conditions ranging from heart, lung, and kidney diseases. We found that MERS outbreak follows the pattern of a point source outbreak, largely spurred by the patient-referral system under the universal healthcare system in South Korea. The purpose of this case is to discuss the benefits and challenges of such patient referral system, and to offer a possible solution in improving transparency between healthcare providers and the government under a universal healthcare system to prevent future outbreaks.展开更多
SMART （system-integrated modular advanced reactor） is a small-sized advanced integral reactor with a rated thermal power of 330 MW. It can produce 100 MW of electricity, or 90 MW of electricity and 40,000 t of desal...SMART （system-integrated modular advanced reactor） is a small-sized advanced integral reactor with a rated thermal power of 330 MW. It can produce 100 MW of electricity, or 90 MW of electricity and 40,000 t of desalinated water concurrently, which is sufficient for 100,000 residents. SMART technology is a sensible mixture of new innovative design features and proven technologies through a PWR. The enhancement of safety and reliability is realized by incorporating inherent safety features and reliable passive safety systems. The improvement in the economics is achieved through system simplification, component modularization, construction time reduction, and increased plant availability. All technologies and design features implemented into SMART have been proven in industries and/or qualified through the SMART design verification program including comprehensive test and experiments. The full scope of the safety analyses carried out to confirm that the inherent safety-improvement design characteristics and safety systems of SMART ensure reactor safety. After a thorough licensing review, SDA （standard design approval） for SMART was granted on July 4th, 2012 by the Korea NSSC （Nuclear Safety and Security Commission）. This marks the first license for an integral-type reactor in the world. This paper presents the SMART characteristics, safety features and technology validation. The licensing process of SMART is also described.展开更多
文摘Aim: A discussion of the measurement of functional status in cardiovascular research. Background: Selection of appropriate outcome measures and instrumentation is vital for nurse researchers to ensure that outcomes align conceptually and are measured using reliable and valid tools. Functional status is a well-known outcome in cardiovascular research—however attention to underlying conceptual differences that may influence choices of whether to include subjective or objective measures is needed. Design: This work is a discussion paper: seminal research reporting the development, validation, and reliability testing of the NYHA classification system and the Duke Treadmill Score. Implications for nursing: Conceptually clarity and comprehensive appraisal of the reliability and validity of outcome measures in nursing research are essential to ensure high level of quality outcomes that will benefit patients.
文摘Aims: To determine clinical correlates and optimal treatment strategy in patients with cardiogenic shock(CS) on admission. Methods and results: In SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic shocK?(SHOCK) trial and registry patients with left ventricular(LV) dysfunction(n=1053), CS on admission occurred in 26% of directly admitted patients(n=166/627). Time from myocardial infarction to CS was shorter, initial haemodynamic profile poorer, and aggressive treatment less frequent in CS on admission than in delayed CS patients. CS on admission patients constituted a smaller relative proportion(11% ) of the transferred(n=48/426) when compared with the directly admitted cohort(P< 0.001). Inhospital mortality was higher(75 vs. 56% ; P< 0.001) with more rapid death(24-h mortality 40 vs. 17% ; P< 0.001) in CS on admission than in delayed CS patients. Emergency revascularization reduced in-hospital mortality in CS on admission(60 vs. 82% ; P=0.001) and in delayed CS patients similarly(46 vs.62% ; P< 0.001; interaction P=0.25). After adjustment for clinical differences, CS on admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality(P=0.008). Conclusion: CS on admission patients have a worse outcome but benefit equally from emergency revascularization as delayed CS patients, emphasizing the need for rapid and direct access of CS on admission patients to facilities providing this care.
文摘Introduction:Nicholas Harkness,professor of Anthropology at Harvard University,is a leading anthropologist specializing in linguistic and semiotic approaches to sociocultural analysis and theory.His research in South Korea has resulted in publications on various topics,including voice,language,music,religion,ritual,kinship,liquor,and the city of Seoul.His first book,Songs of Seoul:An Ethnography of Voice and Voicing in Christian South Korea (University of California Press,2014),was awarded the Edward Sapir Book Prize by the Society for Linguistic Anthropology (Co-Winner,2014,American Anthropological Association).Harkness’s second book is titled Glossolalia and the Problem of Language (University of Chicago Press,2021).A number of his papers have been devoted to developing an anthropological approach to"qualia".These papers incorporate the innovations of contemporary semiotics into the ethnographic theorization of sensuous social life.Recently,Professor Zhao Xingzhi (Sichuan University) and Professor Xue Chen (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China),on behalf of Signs&Media,had the honour to interview Professor Harkness on various questions related to linguistic and semiotic anthropology.
文摘We present a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique for the characterisation of biological and non-biological samples at nano-scale level. Scanning Electron Microscopy has been around for a long while especially in material science laboratories in developed countries. The SEM has enabled scientist to have a better understanding of microstructure by providing unsurpassed optical magnifications of samples. In this introductory paper, we introduce the techniques of using SEM to capture highly magnified microstructure of a fly found on an African soybean (Glycine max) seed. We are able to estimate the number of lenses in each eye and zoom into features that could describe its life characteristics. Hexagonal lenses are estimated to have sizes ranging from 14 um to 19 um. This paper also presents a finding of a sea coral “pie like structure” on a single grain of sand used for water filtration.
基金The authors acknowledge the use of the Australian National Fabrication Facility(ANFF),ACT Node.Rocio CamachoMorales acknowledges a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT),MexicoNikolay Dimitrov and Lyubomir Stoyanov acknowledge a grant from the EU Marie-Curie RISE program NOCTURNO+1 种基金Mohsen Rahmani acknowledges support from the UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship(MR/T040513/1)Dragomir N.Neshev acknowledges a grant from the Australian Research Council(CE20010001,DP190101559).
文摘Infrared imaging is a crucial technique in a multitude of applications,including night vision,autonomous vehicle navigation,optical tomography,and food quality control.Conventional infrared imaging technologies,however,require the use of materials such as narrow bandgap semiconductors,which are sensitive to thermal noise and often require cryogenic cooling.We demonstrate a compact all-optical alternative to perform infrared imaging in a metasurface composed of GaAs semiconductor nanoantennas,using a nonlinear wave-mixing process.We experimentally show the upconversion of short-wave infrared wavelengths via the coherent parametric process of sum-frequency generation.In this process,an infrared image of a target is mixed inside the metasurface with a strong pump beam,translating the image from the infrared to the visible in a nanoscale ultrathin imaging device.Our results open up new opportunities for the development of compact infrared imaging devices with applications in infrared vision and life sciences.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1404800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375226,62375225,12374359,62105267)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23GH02023)the Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University and the Australian Research Council.The Australian National Fabrication Facility ACT Node is acknowledged for access to the epitaxial growth facilities.
文摘Highly integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems underpin the development of next-generation advanced optical and quantum communication technologies,which require compact,multiwavelength laser sources at the telecom band.Here,we report on-substrate vertical emitting lasing from ordered InGaAs/InP multi-quantum well core–shell nanowire array epitaxially grown on InP substrate by selective area epitaxy.To reduce optical loss and tailor the cavity mode,a new nanowire facet engineering approach has been developed to achieve controlled quantum well nanowire dimensions with uniform morphology and high crystal quality.Owing to the strong quantum confinement effect of InGaAs quantum wells and the successful formation of a vertical Fabry–Pérot cavity between the top nanowire facet and bottom nanowire/SiO_(2) mask interface,stimulated emissions of the EH11a/b mode from single vertical nanowires from an on-substrate nanowire array have been demonstrated with a lasing threshold of~28.2μJ cm^(−2) per pulse and a high characteristic temperature of~128 K.By fine-tuning the In composition of the quantum wells,room temperature,single-mode lasing is achieved in the vertical direction across a broad near-infrared spectral range,spanning from 940 nm to the telecommunication O and C bands.Our research indicates that through a carefully designed facet engineering strategy,highly ordered,uniform nanowire arrays with precise dimension control can be achieved to simultaneously deliver thousands of nanolasers with multiple wavelengths on the same substrate,paving a promising and scalable pathway towards future advanced optoelectronic and photonic systems.
基金the funding support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)and the Australian Renewable Energy Agencythe funding support from the Macquarie University Research Fellowships.
文摘The quest for net-zero emissions highlights the signifi-cance of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier,necessitating efficient production methods.Electrochemical water splitting emerges as a crucial method for hydrogen generation,with its further advancement hinging on the development of effective bifunctional catalysts that are efficient in both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,we develop the bifunctional electrocatalyst NiFe(OH)x/Fe/graphene through a simple solution-corrosion approach.The overpotentials required for OER and HER to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) are 237 and 42 mV,respectively,while the overall water splitting occurs at a low cell voltage of 1.51 V for the same current density.Remarkably,the catalyst displays robust stability exceeding 70 h at 20 mA cm^(−2) in 1 M KOH.When scaled to 10×10 cm^(2),its performance is comparable to that of a smaller size 0.5×0.5 cm^(2) electrode,indicating the scalability of our method and potential for industrial-scale hydrogen production.Trace incorporation of iron and the facilitation by graphene modify the electronic structures and coordination environment in the amorphous NiFe(OH)x/Fe/graphene composite.This alteration enhances the distribution of active sites and reduces kinetic barriers for both HER and OER,thereby increasing its bifunctional catalytic activity.This study not only introduces a novel catalyst design that incorporates in-situ Fe metal powder within OER-active catalysts to generate HER active sites for enabling bifunctionality,but also offers a pathway to manufacture high performance electrocatalysts for industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51402078,21702041,and 11674354)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB660815)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2016HGTB0711,JZ2016HGTB0719,and JZ2017HGPA0167)
文摘We first report that photoelectrochemical （PEC） performance of electrochemically hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube arrays （TNTAs） as high-efficiency photoanodes for solar water splitting could be well tuned by designing and adjusting the phase structure and composition of TNTAs. Among various TNTAs annealed at different temperature ranging from 300 to 700℃, well-crystallized single anatase （A） phase TNTAs-400 photoanode shows the best photoresponse properties and PEC performance due to the favor- able crystallinity, grain size and tubular structures. After electrochemical hydrogenation （EH）. anatase- rutile （A-R） mixed phase EH-TNTAs-600 photoanode exhibits the highest photoactivity and PEC perfor- mance for solar water splitting. Under simulated solar illumination, EH-TNTAs-600 achieves the best photoconversion efficiency of up to 1.52% and maximum H2 generation rate of 40.4 ~mol h i cm-2, our- stripping other EH-TNTAs photoanodes. Systematic studies reveal that the signigicantly enhanced PEC performance for A-R mixed phaes EH-TNTAs-600 photoanode could be attributed to the synergy of A-R mixed phases and intentionally introduced Ti3~ （oxygen vacancies） which enhances the photoactivity over both UV and visible-light regions, and boosts both charge separation and transfer efficiencies. These findings provide new insight and guidelines for the construction of highly efficient TiO2-based devices for the application of solar water splitting.
文摘雄性不育性状被用在植物育种中,以降低种子生产成本。雄性不育分为细胞核雄性不育(GMS)和细胞质雄性不育(CMS)2种类型,在辣椒商业育种中都有应用。因为缺少恢复源,细胞质雄性不育系统在诸如甜椒等一些辣椒品种上并不适用。因此,细胞核雄性不育对于甜椒的种子生产而言就非常重要。本研究构建了一个F2分离群体,利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术获得了一个与甜椒细胞核雄性不育连锁的标记。我们分析了1024对AFLP引物,发现Eco RI ACG/MseIGTT引物扩出了多态性。对多态性AFLP标记所扩增的395bp片段重新设计引物,进行高分辨率熔解曲线分析(HRM)。在92个F2单株中,有87个单株的性状和HRM标记表型相一致。这个HRM标记被定位在AC99连锁图的第5号染色体上。
基金A.T.gratefully acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council for a Future Fellowship(FT200100939)Discovery grant DP190101864+1 种基金A.T.also acknowledges financial support from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Science for Peace and Security Programme project AMOXES(#G5634)ARC-NISDRG-NS210100083.
文摘Air quality is deteriorating due to continuing urbanization and industrialization.In particular,nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a biologically and environmentally hazardous byproduct from fuel combustion that is ubiquitous in urban life.To address this issue,we report a high-performance flexible indium phosphide nanomembrane NO_(2)sensor for real-time air quality monitoring.An ultralow limit of detection of~200 ppt and a fast response have been achieved with this device by optimizing the film thickness and doping concentration during indium phosphide epitaxy.By varying the film thickness,a dynamic range of values for NO_(2)detection from parts per trillion(ppt)to parts per million(ppm)level have also been demonstrated under low bias voltage and at room temperature without additional light activation.Flexibility measurements show an adequately stable response after repeated bending.On-site testing of the sensor in a residential kitchen shows that NO_(2)concentration from the gas stove emission could exceed the NO_(2)Time Weighted Average limit,i.e.,200 ppb,highlighting the significance of real-time monitoring.Critically,the indium phosphide nanomembrane sensor element cost is estimated at<0.1 US$due to the miniatured size,nanoscale thickness,and ease of fabrication.With these superior performance characteristics,low cost,and real-world applicability,our indium phosphide nanomembrane sensors offer a promising solution for a variety of air quality monitoring applications.
文摘The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is a potentially fatal respiratory viral infection that has had outbreaks in the Middle East and Asia region starting in 2012. As recent as 2015, MERS had outbreaks in South Korea, resulting in 36 deaths among 186 infected patients. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an in-depth understanding of how this viral infection behaves in outbreaks and how it is spread around the globe. To gain insight, real time analysis was performed under a case study methodology based on pooled data from the Ministry of Health & Welfare of South Korea. We calculated a striated mortality rate based on gender, age, and the presence of pre-existing health conditions ranging from heart, lung, and kidney diseases. We found that MERS outbreak follows the pattern of a point source outbreak, largely spurred by the patient-referral system under the universal healthcare system in South Korea. The purpose of this case is to discuss the benefits and challenges of such patient referral system, and to offer a possible solution in improving transparency between healthcare providers and the government under a universal healthcare system to prevent future outbreaks.
文摘SMART （system-integrated modular advanced reactor） is a small-sized advanced integral reactor with a rated thermal power of 330 MW. It can produce 100 MW of electricity, or 90 MW of electricity and 40,000 t of desalinated water concurrently, which is sufficient for 100,000 residents. SMART technology is a sensible mixture of new innovative design features and proven technologies through a PWR. The enhancement of safety and reliability is realized by incorporating inherent safety features and reliable passive safety systems. The improvement in the economics is achieved through system simplification, component modularization, construction time reduction, and increased plant availability. All technologies and design features implemented into SMART have been proven in industries and/or qualified through the SMART design verification program including comprehensive test and experiments. The full scope of the safety analyses carried out to confirm that the inherent safety-improvement design characteristics and safety systems of SMART ensure reactor safety. After a thorough licensing review, SDA （standard design approval） for SMART was granted on July 4th, 2012 by the Korea NSSC （Nuclear Safety and Security Commission）. This marks the first license for an integral-type reactor in the world. This paper presents the SMART characteristics, safety features and technology validation. The licensing process of SMART is also described.
