High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious bi...High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious biofouling, and may become vulnerable to corrosion attack under some extreme marine conditions. The passivating and biofouling performance of Ti alloys can be attributed to their compact, stable and protective films. This paper comprehensively reviews the passivating and biofouling behavior, as well as their mechanisms, for typical Ti alloys in various marine environments. This review aims to help extend applications of Ti alloys in extremely harsh marine conditions.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.展开更多
Integration of light signaling and diverse abiotic stress responses contribute to plant survival in a changing environment.Some reports have indicated that light signals contribute a plant’s ability to deal with heat...Integration of light signaling and diverse abiotic stress responses contribute to plant survival in a changing environment.Some reports have indicated that light signals contribute a plant’s ability to deal with heat,cold,and stress.However,the molecular link between light signaling and the saltresponse pathways remains unclear.We demonstrate here that increasing light intensity elevates the salt stress tolerance of plants.Depletion of HY5,a key component of light signaling,causes Arabidopsis thaliana to become salinity sensitive.Interestingly,the small heat shock protein(sHsp)family genes are upregulated in hy5-215 mutant plants,and HsfA 2 is commonly involved in the regulation of these sH sps.We found that HY5directly binds to the G-box motifs in the HsfA2promoter,with the cooperation of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9(HDA9),to repress its expression.Furthermore,the accumulation of HDA9 and the interaction between HY5 and HDA9 are significantly enhanced by salt stress.On the contrary,high temperature triggers HY5 and HDA9 degradation,which leads to dissociation of HY5-HDA9from the HsfA2 promoter,thereby reducing salt tolerance.Under salt and heat stress conditions,fine tuning of protein accumulation and an interaction between HY5 and HDA9 regulate HsfA2 expression.This implies that HY5,HDA9,and HsfA2play important roles in the integration of light signaling with salt stress and heat shock response.展开更多
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment.However,single immunotherapy only works well in a small subset of patients.Combined immunotherapy with antitumor synergism holds considerable potentia...Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment.However,single immunotherapy only works well in a small subset of patients.Combined immunotherapy with antitumor synergism holds considerable potential to boost the therapeutic outcome.Nevertheless,the synergistic,additive or antagonistic antitumor effects of combined immunotherapies have been rarely explored.Herein,we established a novel combined cancer treatment modality by synergizing p21-activated kinase 4(PAK4)silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered extracellular vesicles(EVs)that were fabricated by coating M1 macrophage-derived EVs on the surface of the nano-complex cores assembled with si RNA against PAK4 and a photoactivatable polyethyleneimine.The engineered EVs induced potent PAK4 silencing and robust immunogenic phototherapy,thus contributing to effective antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the antitumor synergism of the combined treatment was quantitatively determined by the Compu Syn method.The combination index(CI)and isobologram results confirmed that there was an antitumor synergism for the combined treatment.Furthermore,the dose reduction index(DRI)showed favorable dose reduction,revealing lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility of the engineered EVs.Collectively,the study presents a synergistically potentiated cancer treatment modality by combining PAK4 silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered EVs,which is promising for boosting the therapeutic outcome of cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels...Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels”of the central nervous system(CNS),which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury,resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis,and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases.With in-depth research on DGBI,we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI,especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders,such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI.In this review,we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI,especially IBS,and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.展开更多
文摘High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious biofouling, and may become vulnerable to corrosion attack under some extreme marine conditions. The passivating and biofouling performance of Ti alloys can be attributed to their compact, stable and protective films. This paper comprehensively reviews the passivating and biofouling behavior, as well as their mechanisms, for typical Ti alloys in various marine environments. This review aims to help extend applications of Ti alloys in extremely harsh marine conditions.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+22 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsWuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the "Excellence of Science-EOS" in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chilethe Charles University Research Centrethe Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation (RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn UniversitySuranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvine in USA
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.
基金supported by the Talents Project of Henan Agricultural University (30601733)International Training Program for high-level Talents of Henan Province (30602056)。
文摘Integration of light signaling and diverse abiotic stress responses contribute to plant survival in a changing environment.Some reports have indicated that light signals contribute a plant’s ability to deal with heat,cold,and stress.However,the molecular link between light signaling and the saltresponse pathways remains unclear.We demonstrate here that increasing light intensity elevates the salt stress tolerance of plants.Depletion of HY5,a key component of light signaling,causes Arabidopsis thaliana to become salinity sensitive.Interestingly,the small heat shock protein(sHsp)family genes are upregulated in hy5-215 mutant plants,and HsfA 2 is commonly involved in the regulation of these sH sps.We found that HY5directly binds to the G-box motifs in the HsfA2promoter,with the cooperation of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9(HDA9),to repress its expression.Furthermore,the accumulation of HDA9 and the interaction between HY5 and HDA9 are significantly enhanced by salt stress.On the contrary,high temperature triggers HY5 and HDA9 degradation,which leads to dissociation of HY5-HDA9from the HsfA2 promoter,thereby reducing salt tolerance.Under salt and heat stress conditions,fine tuning of protein accumulation and an interaction between HY5 and HDA9 regulate HsfA2 expression.This implies that HY5,HDA9,and HsfA2play important roles in the integration of light signaling with salt stress and heat shock response.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101157,82104105,31871003,32171394,32030060)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFA1201000,2021YFE0106900,2021YFC2302400,2018YFE0117800)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CX01013,China)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2021M693966)。
文摘Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment.However,single immunotherapy only works well in a small subset of patients.Combined immunotherapy with antitumor synergism holds considerable potential to boost the therapeutic outcome.Nevertheless,the synergistic,additive or antagonistic antitumor effects of combined immunotherapies have been rarely explored.Herein,we established a novel combined cancer treatment modality by synergizing p21-activated kinase 4(PAK4)silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered extracellular vesicles(EVs)that were fabricated by coating M1 macrophage-derived EVs on the surface of the nano-complex cores assembled with si RNA against PAK4 and a photoactivatable polyethyleneimine.The engineered EVs induced potent PAK4 silencing and robust immunogenic phototherapy,thus contributing to effective antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the antitumor synergism of the combined treatment was quantitatively determined by the Compu Syn method.The combination index(CI)and isobologram results confirmed that there was an antitumor synergism for the combined treatment.Furthermore,the dose reduction index(DRI)showed favorable dose reduction,revealing lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility of the engineered EVs.Collectively,the study presents a synergistically potentiated cancer treatment modality by combining PAK4 silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered EVs,which is promising for boosting the therapeutic outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1301300,2019YFA0905600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170557,81670491,82000510).
文摘Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels”of the central nervous system(CNS),which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury,resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis,and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases.With in-depth research on DGBI,we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI,especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders,such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI.In this review,we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI,especially IBS,and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.
