Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based...Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based mainly on relatively short reads.Here,we report an improved chromosome-level reference genome of A.chinensis(v3.0),based mainly on PacBio long reads and Hi-C data.The high-quality assembled genome is 653 Mb long,with 0.76%heterozygosity.At least 43%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences,and the most abundant long terminal repeats were further identified and account for 23.38%of our novel genome.It has clear improvements in contiguity,accuracy,and gene annotation over the two previous versions and contains 40,464 annotated protein-coding genes,of which 94.41%are functionally annotated.Moreover,further analyses of genetic collinearity revealed that the kiwifruit genome has undergone two whole-genome duplications:one affecting all Ericales families near the K-T extinction event and a recent genus-specific duplication.The reference genome presented here will be highly useful for further molecular elucidation of diverse traits and for the breeding of this horticultural crop,as well as evolutionary studies with related taxa.展开更多
Isatis indigotica(2n=14)is an important medicinal plant in China.Its dried leaves and roots(called Isatidis Folium and Isatidis Radix,respectively)are broadly used in traditional Chinese medicine for curing diseases c...Isatis indigotica(2n=14)is an important medicinal plant in China.Its dried leaves and roots(called Isatidis Folium and Isatidis Radix,respectively)are broadly used in traditional Chinese medicine for curing diseases caused by bacteria and viruses such as influenza and viral pneumonia.Various classes of compounds isolated from this species have been identified as effective ingredients.Previous studies based on transcriptomes revealed only a few candidate genes for the biosynthesis of these active compounds in this medicinal plant.Here,we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of I.indigotica with a total size of 293.88 Mb and scaffold N50=36.16 Mb using single-molecule real-time long reads and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques.We annotated 30,323 highconfidence protein-coding genes.Based on homolog searching and functional annotations,we identified many candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of main active components such as indoles,terpenoids,and phenylpropanoids.In addition,we found that some key enzyme-coding gene families related to the biosynthesis of these components were expanded due to tandem duplications,which likely drove the production of these major active compounds and explained why I.indigotica has excellent antibacterial and antiviral activities.Our results highlighted the importance of genome sequencing in identifying candidate genes for metabolite synthesis in medicinal plants.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that repress their targets at post transcriptional level.Existing studies have shown that miRNAs are important regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that repress their targets at post transcriptional level.Existing studies have shown that miRNAs are important regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）,as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes.MiR-122 is normally downregulated in HCC and regarded as a tumor suppressor.Recently miR-122 has been reported to be regulated by CEBPA,which is then involved in a novel pathway to influence proliferation of tumor cells.However it is unknown whether CEBPA is regulated by miRNAs in HCC.In this study,we find that miR182 is upregulated in HCC model rat,and represses CEBPA in both rat and human.This further improves the current CEBPA/miR-122 pathway that controls the proliferation of tumor cells.These results suggest that miR-182 is a potential oncogene in HCC and could be used as a diagnostic marker and drug target of HCC.展开更多
The Yaogangxian tungsten deposit is located in the central part of the Nanling polymetailic metallogenic province. The orebodies occur as veins. Wolframite and molybdenite are the dominant ore minerals. Two samples we...The Yaogangxian tungsten deposit is located in the central part of the Nanling polymetailic metallogenic province. The orebodies occur as veins. Wolframite and molybdenite are the dominant ore minerals. Two samples were selected for molybdenite Re-Os dating in order to elucidate the timing of mineralization. Re-Os datings of molybdenite from quartz-woiframite veins and disseminated in granite yield ages of 153±7 Ma and 163.2±4.2 Ma respectively. The results indicate that the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit is the product of large-scale metallogenesis in the middle Yanshanian period in South China, and that the evolution from late magmatic to postmagmatic hypothermal mineralization occurred at about 10 Ma. The rhenium content of molybdenite in the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit suggests that the ore materials originated from the crust.展开更多
In many species, including mammals, sex determination is genetically based. The sex chromosomes that individuals carry determine sex identity. Although the genetic base of phenotypic sex is determined at the moment of...In many species, including mammals, sex determination is genetically based. The sex chromosomes that individuals carry determine sex identity. Although the genetic base of phenotypic sex is determined at the moment of fertilization, the development of testes or ovaries in the bipotential early gonads takes place during embryogenesis. During development, sex determination depends upon very few critical genes. When one of these key genes functions inappropriately, sex reversal may happen. Consequently, an individual＇s sex phenotype may not necessarily be consistent with the sex chromosomes that are present. For some time, it has been assumed that once the fetal choice is made between male and female in mammals, the gonadal sex identity of an individual remains stable. However, recent studies in mice have provided evidence that it is possible for the gonadal sex phenotype to be switched even in adulthood. These studies have shown that two key genes, doublesex and mad-3 related transcription factor 1 （Dmrtl） and forkhead box L2 （Foxl2）, function in a Yin and Yang relationship to maintain the fates of testes or ovaries in adult mammals, and that mutations in either gene might have a dramatic effect on gonadal phenotype. Thus, adult gonad maintenance in addition to fetal sex determination may both be important for the fertility.展开更多
Electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER)are highly crucial and challenging toward the energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells,metal-air batteries an...Electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER)are highly crucial and challenging toward the energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells,metal-air batteries and water electrolysis.To replace noble-metal based catalysts and boost catalytic performance of carbon-based materials,we initially develop the nickel,phospho rus,sulfur and nitrogen co-modified mesoporous carbon(NiPS_(3)@NMC)as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst.The perfo rmance for ORR(half-wave potential at 0.90 V)and OER(10 mA cm^(-2)at 1.48 V)surpasses those of Pt/C coupled with IrO_(2)catalysts and most of the non-precious metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts reported in related literature.Moreover,the electrochemical durability is also confirmed by accelerated durability tests(ADTs)and long-term chronoamperometry(CA)tests.We demonstrated that the interfacial effect between NiPS_(3)quantum sheets(QS s)and NMC substrates by thermal activation contributed to the enhanced oxygen electrode bifunctionality with more active sites,due to the electrons-donating from nickel,phosphorus and sulfur elements and relatively enriched pyridinic type N.Such excellent overall performance highlights the potential application of NiPS3 QSs and NMC composites as the materials on energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices,a power grid generates a large amount of data.Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’electricity consumption behavior and demands;thus,enabling...Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices,a power grid generates a large amount of data.Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’electricity consumption behavior and demands;thus,enabling better service to be provided to them.Performing power load profile clustering is the basis for mining the users’electricity consumption behavior.By examining the complexity,randomness,and uncertainty of the users’electricity consumption behavior,this paper proposes an ensemble clustering method to analyze this behavior.First,principle component analysis(PCA)is used to reduce the dimensions of the data.Subsequently,the single clustering method is used,and the majority is selected for integrated clustering.As a result,the users’electricity consumption behavior is classified into different modes,and their characteristics are analyzed in detail.This paper examines the electricity power data of 19 real users in China for simulation purposes.This manuscript provides a thorough analysis along with suggestions for the users’weekly electricity consumption behavior.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Tendon-bone interface injuries pose a significant challenge in tissue regeneration,necessitating innovative approaches.Hydrogels with integrated supportive features and controlled release of therapeutic agents have em...Tendon-bone interface injuries pose a significant challenge in tissue regeneration,necessitating innovative approaches.Hydrogels with integrated supportive features and controlled release of therapeutic agents have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of such injuries.In this study,we aimed to develop a temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel capable of providing sustained release of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)).We synthesized magnesium-Procyanidin coordinated metal polyphenol nanoparticles(Mg-PC)through a self-assembly process and integrated them into a two-component hydrogel.The hydrogel was composed of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid(Dop-HA)and F127.To ensure controlled release and mitigate the“burst release”effect of Mg^(2+),we covalently crosslinked the Mg-PC nanoparticles through coordination bonds with the catechol moiety within the hydrogel.This crosslinking strategy extended the release window of Mg^(2+)concentrations for up to 56 days.The resulting hydrogel(Mg-PC@Dop-HA/F127)exhibited favorable properties,including injectability,thermosensitivity and shape adaptability,making it suitable for injection and adaptation to irregularly shaped supraspinatus implantation sites.Furthermore,the hydrogel sustained the release of Mg^(2+)and Procyanidins,which attracted mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells,alleviated inflammation,and promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype.Additionally,it enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralization,facilitating the repair of the tendon-bone interface.By incorporating multilevel metal phenolic networks(MPN)to control ion release,these hybridized hydrogels can be customized for various biomedical applications.展开更多
MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 exp...MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells(NSCs)and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration(MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, speci?c overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These ?ndings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction,probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.展开更多
Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide ...Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide structural support for targeted cells but also serve as templates that guide tissue regeneration and control the tissue structure.Over the past few years,owing to unique physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility,various types of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have been developed as candidates for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds,enabling remarkable achievements in bone repair,wound healing,neural regeneration,and cardiac tissue engineering.These efforts have significantly advanced the development of tissue engineering.In this review,we summarize the latest advancements in the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering.First,each typical 2D nanomaterial is introduced briefly,followed by a detailed description of its applications in tissue engineering.Finally,the existing challenges and prospects for the future of the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering are discussed.展开更多
Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based materials with tunable composition and microstructure are of great interest for the development of oxygen involved electrocatalytic reactions. Here, we report the synthesis o...Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based materials with tunable composition and microstructure are of great interest for the development of oxygen involved electrocatalytic reactions. Here, we report the synthesis of 3D porous carbon-based electrocatalyst by self-assembling Co-metal organic frameworks (MOF) building blocks on graphene via a layer-by-layer technique. Precise control of the structure and morphology is achieved by varying the MOF layer to tune the electrocatalytic properties. The as-produced electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.1molL^-1 KOH, showing a high onset potential of 0.963V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a low tafel slope of 54mVdec^-1, compared to Pt/C (0.934V and 52mVdec^-1, respectively). Additionally, it shows a slightly lower potential vs. RHE (1.72V) than RuO2 (1.75V) at 10mAcm^-2 in an alkaline electrolyte. A rechargeable Zn-air battery based on the as-produced 3D porous catalyst demonstrates a high peak power density of 119mWcm^-2 at a cell voltage of 0.578V while retaining an excellent stability over 250 charge-discharge cycles.展开更多
Four new genera in three spider families are reported, namely Langlibaitiao Lin &Li, gen. nov., of Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, with Lathys inaffecta Li, 2017(♂♀,China: Guangxi) as the type species;Huo...Four new genera in three spider families are reported, namely Langlibaitiao Lin &Li, gen. nov., of Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, with Lathys inaffecta Li, 2017(♂♀,China: Guangxi) as the type species;Huoyanluo Lin & Li, gen. nov., of Macrobunidae Petrunkevitch, 1928, with Huoyanluo ruanxiaoqi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China: Yunnan) as the type species and Gushangzao Lin & Li, gen. nov. and Gyro Lin & Li, gen. nov., of Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833, with Gushangzao shiqian Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang) and Gyro zeppeli Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Yunnan) as the type species, respectively. Further 31 new species in 19 spider families are reported, including Agelenidae C.L. Koch, 1837:Troglocoelotes doul Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Guangxi) and T. ruanxiaowu Lin & Li, sp.nov.(♀, China: Guangxi);Dictynidae: Langlibaitiao zhangshun Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China:Hainan);Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878: Hahnia zhuyifani Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Yunnan);Liocranidae Simon, 1897: Platnick xintongi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang);Macrobunidae: Funny yanqing Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang) and Huoyanluo zhangzezhongi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China: Yunnan);Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928:Phricotelus yangxiong Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Chongqing);Nemesiidae Simon, 1889:Raveniola shixiu Lin, Wang & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Guangxi) and R. xiezhen Lin, Wang & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Yunnan);Nesticidae Simon,1894: Speleoticus sicet Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀,China: Sichuan);Ochyroceratidae Fage, 1912: Speocera yiduoi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China:Guangdong);Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862: Uroctea chenyui Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China:Guangxi);Oonopidae Simon, 1890: Orchestina xiebao Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China:Chongqing);Philodromidae Thorell, 1869: Apollophanes lujiani Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China:Guangxi) and Psellonus dawanqu Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Guangdong);Salticidae Blackwall, 1841: Coccorchestes spark Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, Indonesia, West Papua),展开更多
The rational design and construction of hierarchically porous nanostructure for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is crucial to facilitate the exposure of accessible active sites and promote the mass/el...The rational design and construction of hierarchically porous nanostructure for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is crucial to facilitate the exposure of accessible active sites and promote the mass/electron transfer under the gas-solid-liquid triple-phase condition. Herein, an ingenious method through the pyrolysis of creative polyvinylimidazole coordination with Zn/Fe salt precursors is developed to fabricate hierarchically porous Fe-N-doped carbon framework as efficient ORR electrocatalyst. The volatilization of Zn species combined with the nanoscale Kirkendall effect of Fe dopants during the pyrolysis build the hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macroporous nanostructure with a high specific surface area (1,586 m^(2)·g^(−1)), which provide sufficient exposed active sites and multiscale mass/charge transport channels. The optimized electrocatalyst exhibits superior ORR activity and robust stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. The Zn-air battery fabricated by such attractive electrocatalyst as air cathode displays a higher peak power density than that of Pt/C-based Zn-air battery, suggesting the great potential of this electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries.展开更多
Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)can compensate for lost momentum of spacecraft operating in Very Low Earth Orbit(VLEO)which has been widely concerned due to its excellent commercial potential.It is a key...Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)can compensate for lost momentum of spacecraft operating in Very Low Earth Orbit(VLEO)which has been widely concerned due to its excellent commercial potential.It is a key technology to improve the capture efficiency of intakes,which collect and compress the atmosphere for ABEP.In this paper,the mechanism of the capture section affecting capture efficiency is investigated by Test Particle Monte Carlo(TPMC)simulations with 3D intake models.The inner surface smoothness and average collision number are determined to be key factors affecting capture efficiency,and a negative effect growth model is accordingly established.When the inner surface smoothness is less than 0.2,the highest capture efficiency and its corresponding average collision number interval are independent of the capture section’s geometry and its mesh size.When the inner surface smoothness is higher than 0.2,the capture efficiency will decrease by installing any capture section.Based on the present results,the manufacturing process and material selection are suggested to be prioritized during the intake geometry design in engineering projects.Then,the highest capture efficiency can be achieved by adjusting the length and mesh size of the capture section.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface is always challengeable for the practical utilization of CPEs.Herein,a polymer interlayer containing K+prepared by ultraviolet(UV)-curing precursor solution is coated on Li surface to stabilize the interface between poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)composite electrolytes and Li anode.Benefiting from the physical barrier of the interlayer,the continuous decomposition of PVDF is restrained and the intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte is also achieved to reduce the interface impedance.Moreover,the added K+is utilized to further regulate smooth Li deposition.As a consequence,the symmetric Li|Li cell with coated Li demonstrates steady cycling at 0.4 mAh·cm^(-2) and a high critical current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2).The assembled Li|LiFePO_(4) cell presents outstanding cycling stability(capacity retention of 90%after 400 cycles at 1 C)and good rate performance.The associated pouch cell performs impressive flexibility and safety.This work provides a convenient strategy to achieve stable Li/PVDF interface for high-performance PVDF-based solid state Li metal batteries.展开更多
Water electrolysis poses a significant challenge for balancing catalytic activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.In this study,we address this challenge by constructing asymmetric redo...Water electrolysis poses a significant challenge for balancing catalytic activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.In this study,we address this challenge by constructing asymmetric redox chemistry through elaborate surface OO–Ru–OH and bulk Ru–O–Ni/Fe coordination moieties within single-atom Ru-decorated defective NiFe LDH nanosheets(Ru@d-NiFe LDH)in conjunction with strong metal-support interactions(SMSI).Rigorous spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that single-atom Ru can delocalize the O 2p electrons on the surface and optimize d-electron configurations of metal atoms in bulk through SMSI.The^(18)O isotope labeling experiment based on operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),chemical probe experiments,and theoretical calculations confirm the encouraged surface lattice oxygen,stabilized bulk lattice oxygen,and enhanced adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates for bulk metals in Ru@d-NiFe LDH,leading to asymmetric redox chemistry for OER.The Ru@d-NiFe LDH electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional performance with an overpotential of 230 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2)and maintains high robustness under industrial current density.This approach for achieving asymmetric redox chemistry through SMSI presents a new avenue for developing high-performance electrocatalysts and instills confidence in its industrial applicability.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
Graphene aerogel was synthesized and used for the removal of methyl blue from aqueous solutions.The effect of solution pH,temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the graphene aerogel was studi...Graphene aerogel was synthesized and used for the removal of methyl blue from aqueous solutions.The effect of solution pH,temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the graphene aerogel was studied systematically.In addition,investigations were also performed to determine the nature of adsorption.The experimental results show that graphene aerogel is a highly efficient adsorbent for the treatment of methyl blue in aqueous solutions.In addition,the adsorption of methyl blue proceeds through a single layer physical adsorption on the graphene aerogel.The findings herein are useful for the future development of adsorbent for in water.展开更多
The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels(CAs)can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure carbon.However,the evolution of...The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels(CAs)can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure carbon.However,the evolution of the electronic structure from single-atom doping to heteroatom codoping in CAs has not yet been thoroughly investigated,and the impact of codoping on potassium ion(K+)storage and diffusion pathways as electrode material remains unclear.In this study,experimental and theoretical simulations were conducted to demonstrate that heteroatom codoping,composed of multiple heteroatoms(O/N/B)with different properties,has the potential to improve the electrical properties and stability of CAs compared to single-atom doping.Electronic states near the Fermi level have revealed that doping with O/N/B generates a greater number of active centers on adjacent carbon atoms than doping with O and O/N atoms.As a result of synergy with enhanced wetting ability(contact angle of 9.26°)derived from amino groups and hierarchical porous structure,ON-CA has the most optimized adsorption capacity(−1.62 eV)and diffusion barrier(0.12 eV)of K^(+).The optimal pathway of K^(+)in ON-CA is along the carbon ring with N or O doping.As K^(+)storage material for supercapacitors and ion batteries,it shows an outstanding specific capacity and capacitance,electrochemical stability,and rate performance.Especially,the assembled symmetrical K^(+)supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 51.8 Wh kg^(−1),an ultrahigh power density of 443Wkg^(−1),and outstanding cycling stability(maintaining 83.3%after 10,000 cycles in 1M KPF6 organic electrolyte).This research provides valuable insights into the design of highperformance potassium ion storage materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(ref.2017YFC0505203)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ref.2018CDDY-S02-SCU)+1 种基金National High-Level Talents Special Support Plan(10 Thousand Talents Plan)985 and 211 Projects of Sichuan University.
文摘Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based mainly on relatively short reads.Here,we report an improved chromosome-level reference genome of A.chinensis(v3.0),based mainly on PacBio long reads and Hi-C data.The high-quality assembled genome is 653 Mb long,with 0.76%heterozygosity.At least 43%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences,and the most abundant long terminal repeats were further identified and account for 23.38%of our novel genome.It has clear improvements in contiguity,accuracy,and gene annotation over the two previous versions and contains 40,464 annotated protein-coding genes,of which 94.41%are functionally annotated.Moreover,further analyses of genetic collinearity revealed that the kiwifruit genome has undergone two whole-genome duplications:one affecting all Ericales families near the K-T extinction event and a recent genus-specific duplication.The reference genome presented here will be highly useful for further molecular elucidation of diverse traits and for the breeding of this horticultural crop,as well as evolutionary studies with related taxa.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0505203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31590821 and 31561123001)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018CDDY-S02-SCU and SCU2019D013)National High-Level Talents Special Support Plan(10 Thousand of People Plan)985 and 211 Projects of Sichuan University.
文摘Isatis indigotica(2n=14)is an important medicinal plant in China.Its dried leaves and roots(called Isatidis Folium and Isatidis Radix,respectively)are broadly used in traditional Chinese medicine for curing diseases caused by bacteria and viruses such as influenza and viral pneumonia.Various classes of compounds isolated from this species have been identified as effective ingredients.Previous studies based on transcriptomes revealed only a few candidate genes for the biosynthesis of these active compounds in this medicinal plant.Here,we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of I.indigotica with a total size of 293.88 Mb and scaffold N50=36.16 Mb using single-molecule real-time long reads and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques.We annotated 30,323 highconfidence protein-coding genes.Based on homolog searching and functional annotations,we identified many candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of main active components such as indoles,terpenoids,and phenylpropanoids.In addition,we found that some key enzyme-coding gene families related to the biosynthesis of these components were expanded due to tandem duplications,which likely drove the production of these major active compounds and explained why I.indigotica has excellent antibacterial and antiviral activities.Our results highlighted the importance of genome sequencing in identifying candidate genes for metabolite synthesis in medicinal plants.
基金supported in part by a start-up grant of Kunming University of Science and Technology given to Yun Zhenga major projects of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(No.20100222) given to Xiaolin Wanga Youth Fund of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University(No.201102) given to Chenggang Wang
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that repress their targets at post transcriptional level.Existing studies have shown that miRNAs are important regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）,as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes.MiR-122 is normally downregulated in HCC and regarded as a tumor suppressor.Recently miR-122 has been reported to be regulated by CEBPA,which is then involved in a novel pathway to influence proliferation of tumor cells.However it is unknown whether CEBPA is regulated by miRNAs in HCC.In this study,we find that miR182 is upregulated in HCC model rat,and represses CEBPA in both rat and human.This further improves the current CEBPA/miR-122 pathway that controls the proliferation of tumor cells.These results suggest that miR-182 is a potential oncogene in HCC and could be used as a diagnostic marker and drug target of HCC.
基金This work was supported Science Foundation of China by the National Natural （No. 40572061） ； the scientific research funds of state-level scientific research institutes （No. K2007-5-5）.
文摘The Yaogangxian tungsten deposit is located in the central part of the Nanling polymetailic metallogenic province. The orebodies occur as veins. Wolframite and molybdenite are the dominant ore minerals. Two samples were selected for molybdenite Re-Os dating in order to elucidate the timing of mineralization. Re-Os datings of molybdenite from quartz-woiframite veins and disseminated in granite yield ages of 153±7 Ma and 163.2±4.2 Ma respectively. The results indicate that the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit is the product of large-scale metallogenesis in the middle Yanshanian period in South China, and that the evolution from late magmatic to postmagmatic hypothermal mineralization occurred at about 10 Ma. The rhenium content of molybdenite in the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit suggests that the ore materials originated from the crust.
文摘In many species, including mammals, sex determination is genetically based. The sex chromosomes that individuals carry determine sex identity. Although the genetic base of phenotypic sex is determined at the moment of fertilization, the development of testes or ovaries in the bipotential early gonads takes place during embryogenesis. During development, sex determination depends upon very few critical genes. When one of these key genes functions inappropriately, sex reversal may happen. Consequently, an individual＇s sex phenotype may not necessarily be consistent with the sex chromosomes that are present. For some time, it has been assumed that once the fetal choice is made between male and female in mammals, the gonadal sex identity of an individual remains stable. However, recent studies in mice have provided evidence that it is possible for the gonadal sex phenotype to be switched even in adulthood. These studies have shown that two key genes, doublesex and mad-3 related transcription factor 1 （Dmrtl） and forkhead box L2 （Foxl2）, function in a Yin and Yang relationship to maintain the fates of testes or ovaries in adult mammals, and that mutations in either gene might have a dramatic effect on gonadal phenotype. Thus, adult gonad maintenance in addition to fetal sex determination may both be important for the fertility.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902027,61674019,51976143,61874014,61874013 and 61974011)the National Basic Research of China(No.2015CB932500)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019RC20)the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,P.R.China)。
文摘Electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER)are highly crucial and challenging toward the energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells,metal-air batteries and water electrolysis.To replace noble-metal based catalysts and boost catalytic performance of carbon-based materials,we initially develop the nickel,phospho rus,sulfur and nitrogen co-modified mesoporous carbon(NiPS_(3)@NMC)as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst.The perfo rmance for ORR(half-wave potential at 0.90 V)and OER(10 mA cm^(-2)at 1.48 V)surpasses those of Pt/C coupled with IrO_(2)catalysts and most of the non-precious metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts reported in related literature.Moreover,the electrochemical durability is also confirmed by accelerated durability tests(ADTs)and long-term chronoamperometry(CA)tests.We demonstrated that the interfacial effect between NiPS_(3)quantum sheets(QS s)and NMC substrates by thermal activation contributed to the enhanced oxygen electrode bifunctionality with more active sites,due to the electrons-donating from nickel,phosphorus and sulfur elements and relatively enriched pyridinic type N.Such excellent overall performance highlights the potential application of NiPS3 QSs and NMC composites as the materials on energy conversion and storage.
基金supported by the State Grid Science and Technology Project (No.5442AI90009)Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 6170337)
文摘Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices,a power grid generates a large amount of data.Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’electricity consumption behavior and demands;thus,enabling better service to be provided to them.Performing power load profile clustering is the basis for mining the users’electricity consumption behavior.By examining the complexity,randomness,and uncertainty of the users’electricity consumption behavior,this paper proposes an ensemble clustering method to analyze this behavior.First,principle component analysis(PCA)is used to reduce the dimensions of the data.Subsequently,the single clustering method is used,and the majority is selected for integrated clustering.As a result,the users’electricity consumption behavior is classified into different modes,and their characteristics are analyzed in detail.This paper examines the electricity power data of 19 real users in China for simulation purposes.This manuscript provides a thorough analysis along with suggestions for the users’weekly electricity consumption behavior.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers:82302639,81974327,81974328 and 82372358]National Students’Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China[grant number:No.202212121004]+1 种基金Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Guangdong province[grant number:2022B1515020044]the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province[grant number:2022A1515011101].
文摘Tendon-bone interface injuries pose a significant challenge in tissue regeneration,necessitating innovative approaches.Hydrogels with integrated supportive features and controlled release of therapeutic agents have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of such injuries.In this study,we aimed to develop a temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel capable of providing sustained release of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)).We synthesized magnesium-Procyanidin coordinated metal polyphenol nanoparticles(Mg-PC)through a self-assembly process and integrated them into a two-component hydrogel.The hydrogel was composed of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid(Dop-HA)and F127.To ensure controlled release and mitigate the“burst release”effect of Mg^(2+),we covalently crosslinked the Mg-PC nanoparticles through coordination bonds with the catechol moiety within the hydrogel.This crosslinking strategy extended the release window of Mg^(2+)concentrations for up to 56 days.The resulting hydrogel(Mg-PC@Dop-HA/F127)exhibited favorable properties,including injectability,thermosensitivity and shape adaptability,making it suitable for injection and adaptation to irregularly shaped supraspinatus implantation sites.Furthermore,the hydrogel sustained the release of Mg^(2+)and Procyanidins,which attracted mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells,alleviated inflammation,and promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype.Additionally,it enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralization,facilitating the repair of the tendon-bone interface.By incorporating multilevel metal phenolic networks(MPN)to control ion release,these hybridized hydrogels can be customized for various biomedical applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation(81471353 and 81771433)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(2015CB553500)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81521063)
文摘MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells(NSCs)and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration(MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, speci?c overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These ?ndings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction,probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2018ZX10301402)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973243)+3 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06S029)General Program of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2020A1515010983)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen(Nos.JCYJ20170307141438157 and JCYJ20190807155801657)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.191gzd35).
文摘Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide structural support for targeted cells but also serve as templates that guide tissue regeneration and control the tissue structure.Over the past few years,owing to unique physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility,various types of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have been developed as candidates for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds,enabling remarkable achievements in bone repair,wound healing,neural regeneration,and cardiac tissue engineering.These efforts have significantly advanced the development of tissue engineering.In this review,we summarize the latest advancements in the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering.First,each typical 2D nanomaterial is introduced briefly,followed by a detailed description of its applications in tissue engineering.Finally,the existing challenges and prospects for the future of the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51472187)
文摘Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based materials with tunable composition and microstructure are of great interest for the development of oxygen involved electrocatalytic reactions. Here, we report the synthesis of 3D porous carbon-based electrocatalyst by self-assembling Co-metal organic frameworks (MOF) building blocks on graphene via a layer-by-layer technique. Precise control of the structure and morphology is achieved by varying the MOF layer to tune the electrocatalytic properties. The as-produced electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.1molL^-1 KOH, showing a high onset potential of 0.963V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a low tafel slope of 54mVdec^-1, compared to Pt/C (0.934V and 52mVdec^-1, respectively). Additionally, it shows a slightly lower potential vs. RHE (1.72V) than RuO2 (1.75V) at 10mAcm^-2 in an alkaline electrolyte. A rechargeable Zn-air battery based on the as-produced 3D porous catalyst demonstrates a high peak power density of 119mWcm^-2 at a cell voltage of 0.578V while retaining an excellent stability over 250 charge-discharge cycles.
基金funded by the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China (2023FY100200).
文摘Four new genera in three spider families are reported, namely Langlibaitiao Lin &Li, gen. nov., of Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, with Lathys inaffecta Li, 2017(♂♀,China: Guangxi) as the type species;Huoyanluo Lin & Li, gen. nov., of Macrobunidae Petrunkevitch, 1928, with Huoyanluo ruanxiaoqi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China: Yunnan) as the type species and Gushangzao Lin & Li, gen. nov. and Gyro Lin & Li, gen. nov., of Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833, with Gushangzao shiqian Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang) and Gyro zeppeli Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Yunnan) as the type species, respectively. Further 31 new species in 19 spider families are reported, including Agelenidae C.L. Koch, 1837:Troglocoelotes doul Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Guangxi) and T. ruanxiaowu Lin & Li, sp.nov.(♀, China: Guangxi);Dictynidae: Langlibaitiao zhangshun Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China:Hainan);Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878: Hahnia zhuyifani Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Yunnan);Liocranidae Simon, 1897: Platnick xintongi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang);Macrobunidae: Funny yanqing Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Xizang) and Huoyanluo zhangzezhongi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China: Yunnan);Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928:Phricotelus yangxiong Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Chongqing);Nemesiidae Simon, 1889:Raveniola shixiu Lin, Wang & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China: Guangxi) and R. xiezhen Lin, Wang & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Yunnan);Nesticidae Simon,1894: Speleoticus sicet Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀,China: Sichuan);Ochyroceratidae Fage, 1912: Speocera yiduoi Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂, China:Guangdong);Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862: Uroctea chenyui Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China:Guangxi);Oonopidae Simon, 1890: Orchestina xiebao Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♀, China:Chongqing);Philodromidae Thorell, 1869: Apollophanes lujiani Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China:Guangxi) and Psellonus dawanqu Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, China: Guangdong);Salticidae Blackwall, 1841: Coccorchestes spark Lin & Li, sp. nov.(♂♀, Indonesia, West Papua),
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51976143)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0702001)Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(No.XHD2020-002).
文摘The rational design and construction of hierarchically porous nanostructure for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is crucial to facilitate the exposure of accessible active sites and promote the mass/electron transfer under the gas-solid-liquid triple-phase condition. Herein, an ingenious method through the pyrolysis of creative polyvinylimidazole coordination with Zn/Fe salt precursors is developed to fabricate hierarchically porous Fe-N-doped carbon framework as efficient ORR electrocatalyst. The volatilization of Zn species combined with the nanoscale Kirkendall effect of Fe dopants during the pyrolysis build the hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macroporous nanostructure with a high specific surface area (1,586 m^(2)·g^(−1)), which provide sufficient exposed active sites and multiscale mass/charge transport channels. The optimized electrocatalyst exhibits superior ORR activity and robust stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. The Zn-air battery fabricated by such attractive electrocatalyst as air cathode displays a higher peak power density than that of Pt/C-based Zn-air battery, suggesting the great potential of this electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries.
基金the auspices of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC2201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077169)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,China(No.EIPE22116)HPC Platform,Xi’an Jiaotong University,China。
文摘Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)can compensate for lost momentum of spacecraft operating in Very Low Earth Orbit(VLEO)which has been widely concerned due to its excellent commercial potential.It is a key technology to improve the capture efficiency of intakes,which collect and compress the atmosphere for ABEP.In this paper,the mechanism of the capture section affecting capture efficiency is investigated by Test Particle Monte Carlo(TPMC)simulations with 3D intake models.The inner surface smoothness and average collision number are determined to be key factors affecting capture efficiency,and a negative effect growth model is accordingly established.When the inner surface smoothness is less than 0.2,the highest capture efficiency and its corresponding average collision number interval are independent of the capture section’s geometry and its mesh size.When the inner surface smoothness is higher than 0.2,the capture efficiency will decrease by installing any capture section.Based on the present results,the manufacturing process and material selection are suggested to be prioritized during the intake geometry design in engineering projects.Then,the highest capture efficiency can be achieved by adjusting the length and mesh size of the capture section.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2241003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4003500)the Key R&D project of Hubei Province,China(No.2021AAA006).
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface is always challengeable for the practical utilization of CPEs.Herein,a polymer interlayer containing K+prepared by ultraviolet(UV)-curing precursor solution is coated on Li surface to stabilize the interface between poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)composite electrolytes and Li anode.Benefiting from the physical barrier of the interlayer,the continuous decomposition of PVDF is restrained and the intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte is also achieved to reduce the interface impedance.Moreover,the added K+is utilized to further regulate smooth Li deposition.As a consequence,the symmetric Li|Li cell with coated Li demonstrates steady cycling at 0.4 mAh·cm^(-2) and a high critical current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2).The assembled Li|LiFePO_(4) cell presents outstanding cycling stability(capacity retention of 90%after 400 cycles at 1 C)and good rate performance.The associated pouch cell performs impressive flexibility and safety.This work provides a convenient strategy to achieve stable Li/PVDF interface for high-performance PVDF-based solid state Li metal batteries.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120072)the Natural Science Foundation of China(22279096 and T2241003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2023IVA094).
文摘Water electrolysis poses a significant challenge for balancing catalytic activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.In this study,we address this challenge by constructing asymmetric redox chemistry through elaborate surface OO–Ru–OH and bulk Ru–O–Ni/Fe coordination moieties within single-atom Ru-decorated defective NiFe LDH nanosheets(Ru@d-NiFe LDH)in conjunction with strong metal-support interactions(SMSI).Rigorous spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that single-atom Ru can delocalize the O 2p electrons on the surface and optimize d-electron configurations of metal atoms in bulk through SMSI.The^(18)O isotope labeling experiment based on operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),chemical probe experiments,and theoretical calculations confirm the encouraged surface lattice oxygen,stabilized bulk lattice oxygen,and enhanced adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates for bulk metals in Ru@d-NiFe LDH,leading to asymmetric redox chemistry for OER.The Ru@d-NiFe LDH electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional performance with an overpotential of 230 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2)and maintains high robustness under industrial current density.This approach for achieving asymmetric redox chemistry through SMSI presents a new avenue for developing high-performance electrocatalysts and instills confidence in its industrial applicability.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB785)。
文摘Graphene aerogel was synthesized and used for the removal of methyl blue from aqueous solutions.The effect of solution pH,temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the graphene aerogel was studied systematically.In addition,investigations were also performed to determine the nature of adsorption.The experimental results show that graphene aerogel is a highly efficient adsorbent for the treatment of methyl blue in aqueous solutions.In addition,the adsorption of methyl blue proceeds through a single layer physical adsorption on the graphene aerogel.The findings herein are useful for the future development of adsorbent for in water.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005165)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong(Grant No.2019JZZY010507)+1 种基金the Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.17-1-1-86-jch)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(Grant No.2018GGX108005).
文摘The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels(CAs)can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure carbon.However,the evolution of the electronic structure from single-atom doping to heteroatom codoping in CAs has not yet been thoroughly investigated,and the impact of codoping on potassium ion(K+)storage and diffusion pathways as electrode material remains unclear.In this study,experimental and theoretical simulations were conducted to demonstrate that heteroatom codoping,composed of multiple heteroatoms(O/N/B)with different properties,has the potential to improve the electrical properties and stability of CAs compared to single-atom doping.Electronic states near the Fermi level have revealed that doping with O/N/B generates a greater number of active centers on adjacent carbon atoms than doping with O and O/N atoms.As a result of synergy with enhanced wetting ability(contact angle of 9.26°)derived from amino groups and hierarchical porous structure,ON-CA has the most optimized adsorption capacity(−1.62 eV)and diffusion barrier(0.12 eV)of K^(+).The optimal pathway of K^(+)in ON-CA is along the carbon ring with N or O doping.As K^(+)storage material for supercapacitors and ion batteries,it shows an outstanding specific capacity and capacitance,electrochemical stability,and rate performance.Especially,the assembled symmetrical K^(+)supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 51.8 Wh kg^(−1),an ultrahigh power density of 443Wkg^(−1),and outstanding cycling stability(maintaining 83.3%after 10,000 cycles in 1M KPF6 organic electrolyte).This research provides valuable insights into the design of highperformance potassium ion storage materials.
