Over the past decade,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization.Thus,integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chine...Over the past decade,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization.Thus,integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCMIP) was proposed as a paradigm shift in TCM.This review focuses on the presentation of this novel concept and the main research contents,methodologies and applications of TCMIP.First,TCMIP is an interdisciplinary science that can establish qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics(PK-PD) correlations through the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines and techniques and from different PK-PD processes in vivo.Then,the main research contents of TCMIP are introduced as follows:chemical and ADME/PK profiles of TCM formulas;confirming the three forms of active substances and the three action modes;establishing the qualitative PK-PD correlation;and building the quantitative PK-PD correlations,etc.After that,we summarize the existing data resources,computational models and experimental methods of TCMIP and highlight the urgent establishment of mathematical modeling and experimental methods.Finally,we further discuss the applications of TCMIP for the improvement of TCM quality control,clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of TCMs and discovery of potential new drugs,especially TCM-related combination drug disco very.展开更多
Shortage in phosphorus （P） resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultur...Shortage in phosphorus （P） resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar （Ca-Mg/biochar） application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca-Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in CaO and MgO nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca-Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles and reached equilibrium after 360min. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid-liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca-Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical pH level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles of Ca-Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca-Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca-Mg/B600 〉 Ca-Mg/B4S0 〉 Ca-Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca-Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Yindanxinnaotong capsule(YDXNTC) and main components compatibility and ratios on myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury and the effect's underlying mechanism.METHOD...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Yindanxinnaotong capsule(YDXNTC) and main components compatibility and ratios on myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury and the effect's underlying mechanism.METHODS: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI) was induced by ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 30 min. Electrocardiogram data and coronary flow were recorded, and superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin T and I(cT nT, cT n I) and interleukin-1β, interleukin-8,interleukin-18(IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18) in myocardium were measured. Hypoxia/reoxygenation and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) injury were induced by hypoxia for 3 h/reoxygenation for 2 h, and 100 μM H2O2 for 1 h, respectively, in vitro rat myocardial cells(H9c2). Cell viability, SOD, MDA, cT nT and inflamma-tory factors(IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-18) were determined,and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) expression was measured by western blotting.RESULTS: In the isolated heart experiment, elevated heart function, coronary flow and SOD levels,and decreased MDA levels and inflammatory factors were noted in the YDXNTC, main components and main components compatibility groups. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurrence decreased in the ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),and GBE and salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract compatibility(SM-E, GSEC) groups. Lactic dehydrogenase levels decreased in the YDXNTC and aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza(SM-H) groups. Creatine kinase-MB decreased with GBE, SM-E, SM-H and GSEC treatment, and cT n I and cT nT levels decreased with GSEC. In the in vitro cell study,YDXNTC and main components ratios improved cell viability and SOD levels, and suppressed MDA,cT nT and inflammatory factors. TLR-4 expression was down-regulated.CONCLUSION: YDXNTC and main components compatibility showed protective effects on MIRI in this rat model and in vitro study. Regulating the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway may affect the mechanism.展开更多
Clinical manifestations of symptoms play a crucial role in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diseases and are considered one of the main clinical features for contemporary disease taxonomy(i.e.,international ...Clinical manifestations of symptoms play a crucial role in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diseases and are considered one of the main clinical features for contemporary disease taxonomy(i.e.,international classification of diseases,ICD)[1].Deep investigation on molecular connections among symptoms is one of the key tasks for developing a disease-specific knowledge network and thus promoting the refinement of disease taxonomy toward precision medicine[2].展开更多
In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic injury, inflammation primarily occurs in the infarct and peripheral zones. In the ischemic zone, neurons undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and a large number of ...In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic injury, inflammation primarily occurs in the infarct and peripheral zones. In the ischemic zone, neurons undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and a large number of reactive microglia are present. In the present study, we investigated the pathological changes in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuronal necrosis appeared 12 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the peak of neuronal apoptosis ap- peared 4 to 6 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Inflammatory cytokines and microglia play a role in damage and repair after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Serum intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were positively correlated with the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These findings indicate that intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 may be involved in blood-brain barrier injury, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis. Inhibiting blood-brain barrier leakage may alleviate neuronal injury following ischemia,展开更多
Estuaries are important sites for mercury （Hg） methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury （THg） and methylmercury （MeHg） in mangrove...Estuaries are important sites for mercury （Hg） methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury （THg） and methylmercury （MeHg） in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria （TB） in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were （350 ± 150） ng/g, （0.47 ± 0.11） ng/g, （1.4× 10^011 ± 4.1 × 10^9） cfu/g dry weight （dw）, and （5.0× 10^6 d： 2.7 × 10^6） cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and （240 ± 24） ng/g, （0.30 ± 0.15） ng/g, （1.9 × 10^11 ± 4.2 × 10^9） cfu/g dw, and （1.3 × 10^6 ± 2.0 × 10^6） cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur （TS） increased with depth, but total organic matter （TOM）, SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.展开更多
Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicin...Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0(ETCM v2.0,http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/)was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books,9872 Chinese patent drugs,2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients.To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery,we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module,which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient,as well as their binding activities.Importantly,five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0,which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy,to summarize the rules of prescription use,and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials.Moreover,ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced Java Script-based network visualization tool for creating,modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks.ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs,the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing,and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.展开更多
The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI)onboard the Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite(SATech-01),which was launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of~500 km in 2022 July,aims to test the...The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI)onboard the Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite(SATech-01),which was launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of~500 km in 2022 July,aims to test the on-orbit performance of our newly developed Sc/Si multi-layer reflecting mirror and the 2k×2k EUV CMOS imaging camera and to take full-disk solar images at the Ne VII 46.5 nm spectral line with a filter width of~3 nm.SUTRI employs a Ritchey-Chrétien optical system with an aperture of 18 cm.The on-orbit observations show that SUTRI images have a field of view of~416×416 and a moderate spatial resolution of~8″without an image stabilization system.The normal cadence of SUTRI images is 30 s and the solar observation time is about16 hr each day because the earth eclipse time accounts for about 1/3 of SATech-01's orbit period.Approximately15 GB data is acquired each day and made available online after processing.SUTRI images are valuable as the Ne VII 46.5 nm line is formed at a temperature regime of~0.5 MK in the solar atmosphere,which has rarely been sampled by existing solar imagers.SUTRI observations will establish connections between structures in the lower solar atmosphere and corona,and advance our understanding of various types of solar activity such as flares,filament eruptions,coronal jets and coronal mass ejections.展开更多
The health hazard of mercury （Hg） compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury （MeHg） intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases...The health hazard of mercury （Hg） compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury （MeHg） intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg （THg） concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean ± SD concentration of THg was （0.066 ± 0.078） μg/g （n = 235）. After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to re？ect trophic levels. Predicted THg- concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9：4：4：1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China （0.5 μg/g fish wet weight （ww））. Only six fish （2.5%） exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency （0.3 μg/g fish ww）.展开更多
As one of the emerging two-dimensional lead halide materials,lead iodide(PbI_(2))nanosheets have proven to possess strong application potential in the fields of high-energy radiation detection and highly efficient per...As one of the emerging two-dimensional lead halide materials,lead iodide(PbI_(2))nanosheets have proven to possess strong application potential in the fields of high-energy radiation detection and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.However,the underlying photophysical properties such as hot-exciton-related carrier dynamics remain unclear for PbI_(2)nanosheets.Here,we report the exciton dynamics of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake prepared by an aqueous solution method.Through a three-dimensional(3D)diffusion model,we obtain the exciton annihilation radius and diffusion coefficient of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake under nonresonant and resonant excitation conditions of band-edge exciton state.As initial exciton densities increase,we find the carrier recombination mechanism for a single PbI_(2)nanoflake gradually changes from exciton-exciton annihilation to free-carrier recombination.Finally,we reveal the room-temperature circular polarization of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake is due to free-carrier recombination with a band-edge exciton dissociation time of~120 fs under the resonant excitation condition.展开更多
The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically tr...The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically treat NSCLC and exhibits marked efficacy in patients with NSCLC who have an EGFR mutation.However,free osimertinib administration exhibits an inadequate response in vivo,with only~3%patients demonstrating a complete clinical response.Consequently,we designed a biomimetic nanoparticle(CMNP^(@Osi))comprising a polymeric nanoparticle core and tumor cell-derived membrane-coated shell that combines membrane-mediated homologous and molecular targeting for targeted drug delivery,thereby supporting a dual-target strategy for enhancing osimertinib efficacy.After intravenous injection,CMNP^(@Osi)accumulates at tumor sites and displays enhanced uptake into cancer cells based on homologous targeting.Osimertinib is subsequently released into the cytoplasm,where it suppresses the phosphorylation of upstream EGFR and the downstream AKT signaling pathway and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells.Thus,this dual-targeting strategy using a biomimetic nanocarrier can enhance molecular-targeted drug delivery and improve clinical efficacy.展开更多
Jiangsu plain is located along the downstream of the Yangtze River, the north part of which is also the coast area of the Yellow Sea. The specific location makes the local environmental issues regionally important. Th...Jiangsu plain is located along the downstream of the Yangtze River, the north part of which is also the coast area of the Yellow Sea. The specific location makes the local environmental issues regionally important. This paper studied arable land area, plantation structure, livestock sector data, which shows that livestock sector contributes a big amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, in terms of the demand from the agriculture use in Jiangsu plain. But actually, there is still much mineral fertiliser used in agriculture, which causes the N and P produced from livestock sector being an important source of pollution to the environment. The paper suggests to tighten up manure management, in order to lead to a big reduction in the pollution to both soil and surface water.展开更多
The water, pore water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from the Hongfeng Reservoir in No- vember 2003 and February 2004 in accordance with trace metal protocols. The average concentrations of total mer- cury...The water, pore water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from the Hongfeng Reservoir in No- vember 2003 and February 2004 in accordance with trace metal protocols. The average concentrations of total mer- cury (THg), dissolved mercury (DHg), reactive mercury, dissolved gaseous mercury, total methylmercury, and dis- solved methylmercury in the water columns were 8.00, 5.70, 0.63, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.07 ng/L, respectively. THg and DHg in the water columns, THg in pore water and THg in lake sediments of the Hongfeng Reservoir showed the level of mercury in the Hongfeng Reservoir was higher than in other natural waters in the world due to the loading of a lot of waste water with relatively high concentrations of mercury, whereas methylmercury concentrations in fish (wet weight) varied from 1.73–51.00 ng/g, much lower than in most remote lakes and reservoirs reported in northern Europe and North America. Methylmercury distributions in pore water and sediments showed methylation oc- curred mainly in the upper several centimeters of sediment cores in the Hongfeng Reservoir. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total suspended particles, total Hg, and methylmercury were higher at Houwu than those at Daba in November 2003. It is suggested that other pollutants such as N and P from fishing farm and other waste water at Houwu,which resulted in deterioration of water quality, affected the concentrations and distributions of mercury species in the reservoir.展开更多
The active sulphur compounds in transformer oil would react with copper wires and produce cuprous sulphides,which then attach themselves to the surface of copper wires and insulating paper,thus reducing the electrical...The active sulphur compounds in transformer oil would react with copper wires and produce cuprous sulphides,which then attach themselves to the surface of copper wires and insulating paper,thus reducing the electrical performance of oil-paper insulation and causing insulation failure.This article aims to make a comprehensive summary on the field of sulphur corrosion of oil-paper insulation in the mineral oil transformer,including the corrosion mechanism of sulphide on copper sheets,the deterioration mechanism of sul-phide on oil-paper,the factors influencing sulphur corrosion reaction,the method of characterising the degree of sulphur corrosion,the protection technology of sulphur corrosion and the field operation measures for sulphur corrosion.Moreover,four key problems that need to be further solved were sorted out:the synergistic deterioration mechanism of sulphide and its transformation mechanism,the micro-process and forming path of sulphur corrosion reaction,the characteristic parameters and quantitative charac-terisation methods of sulphur corrosion degree,and the effective protection technology of sulphide corrosion.To solve these problems,efforts will be made for deeper understanding of the sulphur corrosion phenomenon and its deterioration mechanism based on theo-retical background,the assessment methods and protection technology,endeavouring to put forward solid theoretical basis and feasible technical means for preventing sulphur corrosion insulation failure.展开更多
Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)have garnered extensive research interest and shown promising applications across diverse fields owing to their distinctive properties,including antioxidant,anticancer,and antibacterial ac...Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)have garnered extensive research interest and shown promising applications across diverse fields owing to their distinctive properties,including antioxidant,anticancer,and antibacterial activity(Ojeda et al.,2020;Qu et al.,2023;Zambonino et al.,2021,2023).Among the various approaches employed for SeNP synthesis,green synthesis has emerged as a noteworthy and eco-friendly methodology.Keshtmand et al.(2023)underscored the significance of green-synthesized SeNPs,presenting a compelling avenue in this domain.This innovative strategy harnesses the potential of natural resources,such as plant extracts or microorganisms,to facilitate the production of SeNPs.展开更多
Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dyna...Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dynamics of female UI in China,and can inform further policies and have international implications.This study used three nationwide investigations:A national cross-sectional survey in 2021;another nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2006;and data regarding the institutions and physicians providing pelvic floor rehabilitation services from 2005 to 2019.The weighted prevalence of female UI and its subtypes,including stress UI(SUI),urgency UI(UUI),and mixed UI(MUI),were estimated as primary outcomes.Knowledge,attitude and care-seeking behaviors of UI were evaluated.It was found that the weighted prevalence of female UI was 16.0%(95%CI,13.3%–19.1%)with SUI remaining the predominant subtype(7.0%)in 2021,followed by MUI(6.5%)and UUI(1.9%).The estimated absolute number of Chinese adult women with UI was 85.8 million in 2021.52.7%(95%CI,45.9%–59.4%)of women were aware that UI was a medical condition,and only 10.1%of women with UI sought health care.After 15 years of development,there were 8400 pelvic floor rehabilitation institutions and nearly 10,000 relevant physicians in ChinaDthey were found to be associated with UI prevalence.The UI prevalence in China was significantly lower in 2021 compared to that in 2006.Despite the achievement,UI remains a public health problem,especially given China's fast aging and three-child policy.More innovations,especially those that can facilitate care seeking,are needed to address this prevalent yet treatable condition.展开更多
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it i...Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it is difficult to measure the PL valley polarization of monolayer TMDCs at room temperature,which limits their application in valleytronics devices.Here,we report a room temperature photoluminescence(PL)valley polarization up to 3.73%in an“optical bilayer”WS_(2)formed by transferring monolayer WS_(2)onto flat Ag film.Furthermore,in the transient absorption(TA)measurements,a remarkably long valley depolarization lifetime is found.Thus,we demonstrate the valley properties of such“optical bilayer”WS_(2)resemble actual bilayer WS_(2),in which the robust valley polarization can be attributed to the phonons depletion effect and the blocked interlayer hopping processes.These peculiar valley features in“optical bilayer”WS_(2)provide a particularly simple method to enhance valley control at room temperature.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81830111 and 81774201)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1702104 and 2017YFC1702303)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department Project (No. 2016SF-378, China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public Welfare Research Institutes (ZXKT17058, China)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2019ZX09201005-001-003)。
文摘Over the past decade,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization.Thus,integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCMIP) was proposed as a paradigm shift in TCM.This review focuses on the presentation of this novel concept and the main research contents,methodologies and applications of TCMIP.First,TCMIP is an interdisciplinary science that can establish qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics(PK-PD) correlations through the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines and techniques and from different PK-PD processes in vivo.Then,the main research contents of TCMIP are introduced as follows:chemical and ADME/PK profiles of TCM formulas;confirming the three forms of active substances and the three action modes;establishing the qualitative PK-PD correlation;and building the quantitative PK-PD correlations,etc.After that,we summarize the existing data resources,computational models and experimental methods of TCMIP and highlight the urgent establishment of mathematical modeling and experimental methods.Finally,we further discuss the applications of TCMIP for the improvement of TCM quality control,clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of TCMs and discovery of potential new drugs,especially TCM-related combination drug disco very.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20120008120013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31401944)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 6144026)the China Scholarship Council (No. 201206355006)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund of China Agricultural University (No. 2011JS169)
文摘Shortage in phosphorus （P） resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar （Ca-Mg/biochar） application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca-Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in CaO and MgO nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca-Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles and reached equilibrium after 360min. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid-liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca-Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical pH level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles of Ca-Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca-Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca-Mg/B600 〉 Ca-Mg/B4S0 〉 Ca-Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca-Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment.
基金the Major National Science and Technology Projects:the Technology Reformation of Yindanxinnaotong Capsule(No.2012ZX09201201)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Yindanxinnaotong capsule(YDXNTC) and main components compatibility and ratios on myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury and the effect's underlying mechanism.METHODS: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI) was induced by ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 30 min. Electrocardiogram data and coronary flow were recorded, and superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin T and I(cT nT, cT n I) and interleukin-1β, interleukin-8,interleukin-18(IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18) in myocardium were measured. Hypoxia/reoxygenation and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) injury were induced by hypoxia for 3 h/reoxygenation for 2 h, and 100 μM H2O2 for 1 h, respectively, in vitro rat myocardial cells(H9c2). Cell viability, SOD, MDA, cT nT and inflamma-tory factors(IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-18) were determined,and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) expression was measured by western blotting.RESULTS: In the isolated heart experiment, elevated heart function, coronary flow and SOD levels,and decreased MDA levels and inflammatory factors were noted in the YDXNTC, main components and main components compatibility groups. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurrence decreased in the ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),and GBE and salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract compatibility(SM-E, GSEC) groups. Lactic dehydrogenase levels decreased in the YDXNTC and aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza(SM-H) groups. Creatine kinase-MB decreased with GBE, SM-E, SM-H and GSEC treatment, and cT n I and cT nT levels decreased with GSEC. In the in vitro cell study,YDXNTC and main components ratios improved cell viability and SOD levels, and suppressed MDA,cT nT and inflammatory factors. TLR-4 expression was down-regulated.CONCLUSION: YDXNTC and main components compatibility showed protective effects on MIRI in this rat model and in vitro study. Regulating the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway may affect the mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830111,82030122,82174533,and 81774201)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1705201)+2 种基金Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04907)Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department Project(2016SF-378)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZXKT17058 and ZZ13-YQ-095)。
文摘Clinical manifestations of symptoms play a crucial role in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diseases and are considered one of the main clinical features for contemporary disease taxonomy(i.e.,international classification of diseases,ICD)[1].Deep investigation on molecular connections among symptoms is one of the key tasks for developing a disease-specific knowledge network and thus promoting the refinement of disease taxonomy toward precision medicine[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160148the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.2011033
文摘In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic injury, inflammation primarily occurs in the infarct and peripheral zones. In the ischemic zone, neurons undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and a large number of reactive microglia are present. In the present study, we investigated the pathological changes in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuronal necrosis appeared 12 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the peak of neuronal apoptosis ap- peared 4 to 6 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Inflammatory cytokines and microglia play a role in damage and repair after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Serum intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were positively correlated with the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These findings indicate that intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 may be involved in blood-brain barrier injury, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis. Inhibiting blood-brain barrier leakage may alleviate neuronal injury following ischemia,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40676064,30530150)the Guangdong-HK Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme (No.08-Lh-04)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China Institute of Technology), the Ministry of Education (No.070717,081203)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the National Supporting Projects of Science & Technology in Forestry (2009BADB2B0605)
文摘Estuaries are important sites for mercury （Hg） methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury （THg） and methylmercury （MeHg） in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria （TB） in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were （350 ± 150） ng/g, （0.47 ± 0.11） ng/g, （1.4× 10^011 ± 4.1 × 10^9） cfu/g dry weight （dw）, and （5.0× 10^6 d： 2.7 × 10^6） cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and （240 ± 24） ng/g, （0.30 ± 0.15） ng/g, （1.9 × 10^11 ± 4.2 × 10^9） cfu/g dw, and （1.3 × 10^6 ± 2.0 × 10^6） cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur （TS） increased with depth, but total organic matter （TOM）, SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.
基金supported by Key project at the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81830111 and 82030122,China)the Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(Grant No.CI2021A04907,China)。
文摘Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0(ETCM v2.0,http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/)was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books,9872 Chinese patent drugs,2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients.To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery,we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module,which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient,as well as their binding activities.Importantly,five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0,which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy,to summarize the rules of prescription use,and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials.Moreover,ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced Java Script-based network visualization tool for creating,modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks.ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs,the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing,and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 11825301,12003016,12073077the National Key R&D Program of China No.2021YFA0718600+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with the Grant No.XDA15018400the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2023061)。
文摘The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI)onboard the Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite(SATech-01),which was launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of~500 km in 2022 July,aims to test the on-orbit performance of our newly developed Sc/Si multi-layer reflecting mirror and the 2k×2k EUV CMOS imaging camera and to take full-disk solar images at the Ne VII 46.5 nm spectral line with a filter width of~3 nm.SUTRI employs a Ritchey-Chrétien optical system with an aperture of 18 cm.The on-orbit observations show that SUTRI images have a field of view of~416×416 and a moderate spatial resolution of~8″without an image stabilization system.The normal cadence of SUTRI images is 30 s and the solar observation time is about16 hr each day because the earth eclipse time accounts for about 1/3 of SATech-01's orbit period.Approximately15 GB data is acquired each day and made available online after processing.SUTRI images are valuable as the Ne VII 46.5 nm line is formed at a temperature regime of~0.5 MK in the solar atmosphere,which has rarely been sampled by existing solar imagers.SUTRI observations will establish connections between structures in the lower solar atmosphere and corona,and advance our understanding of various types of solar activity such as flares,filament eruptions,coronal jets and coronal mass ejections.
文摘The health hazard of mercury （Hg） compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury （MeHg） intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg （THg） concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean ± SD concentration of THg was （0.066 ± 0.078） μg/g （n = 235）. After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to re？ect trophic levels. Predicted THg- concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9：4：4：1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China （0.5 μg/g fish wet weight （ww））. Only six fish （2.5%） exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency （0.3 μg/g fish ww）.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62175088,61927814,21773087,21603083&21903035)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M590259).
文摘As one of the emerging two-dimensional lead halide materials,lead iodide(PbI_(2))nanosheets have proven to possess strong application potential in the fields of high-energy radiation detection and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.However,the underlying photophysical properties such as hot-exciton-related carrier dynamics remain unclear for PbI_(2)nanosheets.Here,we report the exciton dynamics of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake prepared by an aqueous solution method.Through a three-dimensional(3D)diffusion model,we obtain the exciton annihilation radius and diffusion coefficient of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake under nonresonant and resonant excitation conditions of band-edge exciton state.As initial exciton densities increase,we find the carrier recombination mechanism for a single PbI_(2)nanoflake gradually changes from exciton-exciton annihilation to free-carrier recombination.Finally,we reveal the room-temperature circular polarization of a single PbI_(2)nanoflake is due to free-carrier recombination with a band-edge exciton dissociation time of~120 fs under the resonant excitation condition.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2401900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203163)+4 种基金the High-level Hospital Construction Project(No.DFJH201905)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.2021A1515010838)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong(No.2022A0505050048)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.201903010028)Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Intermural Program(No.KJ012019447).
文摘The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically treat NSCLC and exhibits marked efficacy in patients with NSCLC who have an EGFR mutation.However,free osimertinib administration exhibits an inadequate response in vivo,with only~3%patients demonstrating a complete clinical response.Consequently,we designed a biomimetic nanoparticle(CMNP^(@Osi))comprising a polymeric nanoparticle core and tumor cell-derived membrane-coated shell that combines membrane-mediated homologous and molecular targeting for targeted drug delivery,thereby supporting a dual-target strategy for enhancing osimertinib efficacy.After intravenous injection,CMNP^(@Osi)accumulates at tumor sites and displays enhanced uptake into cancer cells based on homologous targeting.Osimertinib is subsequently released into the cytoplasm,where it suppresses the phosphorylation of upstream EGFR and the downstream AKT signaling pathway and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells.Thus,this dual-targeting strategy using a biomimetic nanocarrier can enhance molecular-targeted drug delivery and improve clinical efficacy.
基金This work was surported by the Fund of Food and Agriculture Organization.
文摘Jiangsu plain is located along the downstream of the Yangtze River, the north part of which is also the coast area of the Yellow Sea. The specific location makes the local environmental issues regionally important. This paper studied arable land area, plantation structure, livestock sector data, which shows that livestock sector contributes a big amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, in terms of the demand from the agriculture use in Jiangsu plain. But actually, there is still much mineral fertiliser used in agriculture, which causes the N and P produced from livestock sector being an important source of pollution to the environment. The paper suggests to tighten up manure management, in order to lead to a big reduction in the pollution to both soil and surface water.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（Grant No.405320514）；the Chinese Academy of Sciences（KZCX3-SW443）.
文摘The water, pore water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from the Hongfeng Reservoir in No- vember 2003 and February 2004 in accordance with trace metal protocols. The average concentrations of total mer- cury (THg), dissolved mercury (DHg), reactive mercury, dissolved gaseous mercury, total methylmercury, and dis- solved methylmercury in the water columns were 8.00, 5.70, 0.63, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.07 ng/L, respectively. THg and DHg in the water columns, THg in pore water and THg in lake sediments of the Hongfeng Reservoir showed the level of mercury in the Hongfeng Reservoir was higher than in other natural waters in the world due to the loading of a lot of waste water with relatively high concentrations of mercury, whereas methylmercury concentrations in fish (wet weight) varied from 1.73–51.00 ng/g, much lower than in most remote lakes and reservoirs reported in northern Europe and North America. Methylmercury distributions in pore water and sediments showed methylation oc- curred mainly in the upper several centimeters of sediment cores in the Hongfeng Reservoir. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total suspended particles, total Hg, and methylmercury were higher at Houwu than those at Daba in November 2003. It is suggested that other pollutants such as N and P from fishing farm and other waste water at Houwu,which resulted in deterioration of water quality, affected the concentrations and distributions of mercury species in the reservoir.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51807061。
文摘The active sulphur compounds in transformer oil would react with copper wires and produce cuprous sulphides,which then attach themselves to the surface of copper wires and insulating paper,thus reducing the electrical performance of oil-paper insulation and causing insulation failure.This article aims to make a comprehensive summary on the field of sulphur corrosion of oil-paper insulation in the mineral oil transformer,including the corrosion mechanism of sulphide on copper sheets,the deterioration mechanism of sul-phide on oil-paper,the factors influencing sulphur corrosion reaction,the method of characterising the degree of sulphur corrosion,the protection technology of sulphur corrosion and the field operation measures for sulphur corrosion.Moreover,four key problems that need to be further solved were sorted out:the synergistic deterioration mechanism of sulphide and its transformation mechanism,the micro-process and forming path of sulphur corrosion reaction,the characteristic parameters and quantitative charac-terisation methods of sulphur corrosion degree,and the effective protection technology of sulphide corrosion.To solve these problems,efforts will be made for deeper understanding of the sulphur corrosion phenomenon and its deterioration mechanism based on theo-retical background,the assessment methods and protection technology,endeavouring to put forward solid theoretical basis and feasible technical means for preventing sulphur corrosion insulation failure.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202158)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220703)Undergraduate Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province(No.202311049168XJ),China.
文摘Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)have garnered extensive research interest and shown promising applications across diverse fields owing to their distinctive properties,including antioxidant,anticancer,and antibacterial activity(Ojeda et al.,2020;Qu et al.,2023;Zambonino et al.,2021,2023).Among the various approaches employed for SeNP synthesis,green synthesis has emerged as a noteworthy and eco-friendly methodology.Keshtmand et al.(2023)underscored the significance of green-synthesized SeNPs,presenting a compelling avenue in this domain.This innovative strategy harnesses the potential of natural resources,such as plant extracts or microorganisms,to facilitate the production of SeNPs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701300,2023YFC2706000 and 2018YFC2002201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72104247)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-087,2022-PUMCH-A-023)。
文摘Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dynamics of female UI in China,and can inform further policies and have international implications.This study used three nationwide investigations:A national cross-sectional survey in 2021;another nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2006;and data regarding the institutions and physicians providing pelvic floor rehabilitation services from 2005 to 2019.The weighted prevalence of female UI and its subtypes,including stress UI(SUI),urgency UI(UUI),and mixed UI(MUI),were estimated as primary outcomes.Knowledge,attitude and care-seeking behaviors of UI were evaluated.It was found that the weighted prevalence of female UI was 16.0%(95%CI,13.3%–19.1%)with SUI remaining the predominant subtype(7.0%)in 2021,followed by MUI(6.5%)and UUI(1.9%).The estimated absolute number of Chinese adult women with UI was 85.8 million in 2021.52.7%(95%CI,45.9%–59.4%)of women were aware that UI was a medical condition,and only 10.1%of women with UI sought health care.After 15 years of development,there were 8400 pelvic floor rehabilitation institutions and nearly 10,000 relevant physicians in ChinaDthey were found to be associated with UI prevalence.The UI prevalence in China was significantly lower in 2021 compared to that in 2006.Despite the achievement,UI remains a public health problem,especially given China's fast aging and three-child policy.More innovations,especially those that can facilitate care seeking,are needed to address this prevalent yet treatable condition.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21903035,22073037,21773087,12074141,and 12274168)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project(Grant Nos.20210509038RQ,20230101059JC).
文摘Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it is difficult to measure the PL valley polarization of monolayer TMDCs at room temperature,which limits their application in valleytronics devices.Here,we report a room temperature photoluminescence(PL)valley polarization up to 3.73%in an“optical bilayer”WS_(2)formed by transferring monolayer WS_(2)onto flat Ag film.Furthermore,in the transient absorption(TA)measurements,a remarkably long valley depolarization lifetime is found.Thus,we demonstrate the valley properties of such“optical bilayer”WS_(2)resemble actual bilayer WS_(2),in which the robust valley polarization can be attributed to the phonons depletion effect and the blocked interlayer hopping processes.These peculiar valley features in“optical bilayer”WS_(2)provide a particularly simple method to enhance valley control at room temperature.
