Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warming associated with extreme high temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and nighttime.However,the underlying m...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warming associated with extreme high temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and nighttime.However,the underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown.We show here that two glycine-rich RNA binding proteins,Os GRP3 and Os GRP162,are required for thermotolerance in rice,especially at nighttime.The rhythmic expression of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 peaks at midnight,and at these coincident times,is increased by heat stress.This is largely dependent on the evening complex component Os ELF3-2.We next found that the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 is strikingly more sensitive to heat stress in terms of survival rate and seed setting rate when comparing to the wild-type plants.Interestingly,the defect in thermotolerance is more evident when heat stress occurred in nighttime than that in daytime.Upon heat stress,the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 displays globally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive genes,and increases of m RNA alternative splicing dominated by exon-skipping.This study thus reveals the important role of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 in thermotolerance in rice,and unravels the mechanism on how Os GRP3/Os GRP162 regulate thermotolerance in a diurnal manner.展开更多
以二甲基硅油、气相法白炭黑为原料制得硅膏,以Span-80与Tween-80复配物为乳化剂,进一步制得有机硅消泡剂。实验研究了硅油黏度、白炭黑用量、乳化剂用量及乳液类型对消泡剂性能的影响。结果表明,黏度为500 m Pa·s和1 000 m Pa...以二甲基硅油、气相法白炭黑为原料制得硅膏,以Span-80与Tween-80复配物为乳化剂,进一步制得有机硅消泡剂。实验研究了硅油黏度、白炭黑用量、乳化剂用量及乳液类型对消泡剂性能的影响。结果表明,黏度为500 m Pa·s和1 000 m Pa·s的二甲基硅油按质量比2∶1进行复配,硅膏中白炭黑质量分数5%,乳化剂(以Span-80和Tween-80复配制得,HLB值为9)质量分数为7%,以此配方制得水包油(O/W)型有机硅消泡剂,消泡性能优良、乳液稳定性好。展开更多
Purpose:The level of care burden experienced by caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury and their coping style were evaluated in order to identify ways to improve their capacity to respond and reduce the care b...Purpose:The level of care burden experienced by caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury and their coping style were evaluated in order to identify ways to improve their capacity to respond and reduce the care burden.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 150 spinal cord injury patients who were discharged from the Second and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and their primary caregivers.The Chinese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were distributed to assess caregiver burden and coping strategies.Results:The care burden score of the caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury was 52.9111.56 points.Eighty-eight percent of caregivers reported moderate or severe care burden levels.The largest proportion of caregivers were female spouses,who were less likely to use an active coping strategy.A negative coping strategy was more frequently used by caregivers compared to healthy adults,and was positively correlated with burden of care.In contrast,a negative correlation was found between the care burden and an active coping style.Conclusion:Primary caregivers of spinal cord injury patients report a heavy burden of care.As active coping strategies are more beneficial,medical care providers should encourage caregivers to make more use of these coping styles to promote physical and mental health for themselves,their patients and their family,as well as to improve the quality of care provided.展开更多
The cytochrome P450 gene CYP81A6 confers tolerance to bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl, two selective herbicides widely used for weed control in rice and wheat fields. Knockout mutants of CYP81A6 are highly susceptible...The cytochrome P450 gene CYP81A6 confers tolerance to bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl, two selective herbicides widely used for weed control in rice and wheat fields. Knockout mutants of CYP81A6 are highly susceptible to both herbicides. The present study aimed to characterize the CYP81A6 expression in rice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） analyses demonstrated that foliar treatment of bentazon（500 mg/L） greatly induced expression of CYP81A6 in both wild-type（Jiazhe B） and its knockout mutant（Jiazhe m B）： a 10-fold increase at 9 h before returning to basal levels at 24 h in Jiazhe B, while in the mutant the expression level rose to 20-fold at 12 h and maintained at such high level up to 24 h post exposure. In contrast, metsulfuron-methyl（500 mg/L） treatment did not affect the expression of CYP81A6 in Jiazhe B within 80 h; thereafter the expression peaked at 120 h and returned gradually to basal levels by Day 6. We suggest that a metabolite of metsulfuron-methyl, 1H-2,3-benzothiazin-4-（3H）-one-2,2-dioxide, is likely to be responsible for inducing CYP81A6 expression, rather than the metsulfuronmethyl itself. Use of a promoter-GUS reporter construct（CYP81A6Pro：：GUS） demonstrated that CYP81A6 was constitutively expressed throughout the plant, with the highest expression in the upper surfaces of leaves. Subcellular localization studies in rice protoplasts showed that CYP81A6 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. These observations advance our understanding of CYP81A6 expression in rice, particularly its response to the two herbicides.展开更多
Weeds are a major biotic constraint that can cause dramatic crop production losses.Herbicide technology has been widely used by farmers as the most cost-effective weed control measure,and development of new strategy t...Weeds are a major biotic constraint that can cause dramatic crop production losses.Herbicide technology has been widely used by farmers as the most cost-effective weed control measure,and development of new strategy to improve herbicide tolerance in plants is urgently needed.The CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool has been used in diverse applications related to agricultural technology for crop improvement.Here we identified three polyamine uptake transporter(PUT)genes in rice that are homologous to the Arabidopsis AtRMV1.We successfully demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of OsPUT1/2/3 greatly improves paraquat resistance in rice without obvious yield penalty.Therefore,manipulation of these loci could be valuable for producing transgene-free rice with improved herbicide resistance in future.展开更多
High temperature elicits a well-conserved response called the unfol ded protein response(UPR)to bring protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).Two key UPR regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 have been shown to be...High temperature elicits a well-conserved response called the unfol ded protein response(UPR)to bring protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).Two key UPR regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 have been shown to be essential for maintaining fertility under heat stress conditions in Arabidopsis,however,the function of transcriptional activator bZIP17,a paralog of bZIP28,in heat stress response at reproductive stage is not reported.Here we found that bzip17 mutant plants were sensitive to heat stress in terms of silique length and fertility comparing to that of wildtype(WT)Arabidopsis plants,and transcri ptomic analysis showed that 1380 genes were specifically up-regulated and 493 genes were specifically down-regulated by heat stress in the flowers of WT plants comparing to that in bzip17 mutant plants.These bZIP17-dependent up-regulated genes were enriched in responses to a biotic stresses such as water deprivation and salt stress.Further chromatin immuno-preci pitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing(ChIP-Seq)uncovered 1645 genes that were direct targets of bZIP17 in MYC-bZIP17 expressing seedlings subjected to heat stress.Among these 1645 genes,ERSE-II cis-element was enriched in the binding peaks of their promoters,and the up-regulation of 113 genes by heat stress in flowers was dependent on bZIP17.Our results revealed direct targets of bZIP17 in flowers during heat stress responses and demonstrated the important role of bZIP17 in maintai ning fertility upon heat stress in plants.展开更多
基金the State Key Project of Research and Development Plan of China(2022YFF1001603 and2021YFF1000404)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang,China(LD21C020001)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warming associated with extreme high temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and nighttime.However,the underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown.We show here that two glycine-rich RNA binding proteins,Os GRP3 and Os GRP162,are required for thermotolerance in rice,especially at nighttime.The rhythmic expression of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 peaks at midnight,and at these coincident times,is increased by heat stress.This is largely dependent on the evening complex component Os ELF3-2.We next found that the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 is strikingly more sensitive to heat stress in terms of survival rate and seed setting rate when comparing to the wild-type plants.Interestingly,the defect in thermotolerance is more evident when heat stress occurred in nighttime than that in daytime.Upon heat stress,the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 displays globally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive genes,and increases of m RNA alternative splicing dominated by exon-skipping.This study thus reveals the important role of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 in thermotolerance in rice,and unravels the mechanism on how Os GRP3/Os GRP162 regulate thermotolerance in a diurnal manner.
文摘以二甲基硅油、气相法白炭黑为原料制得硅膏,以Span-80与Tween-80复配物为乳化剂,进一步制得有机硅消泡剂。实验研究了硅油黏度、白炭黑用量、乳化剂用量及乳液类型对消泡剂性能的影响。结果表明,黏度为500 m Pa·s和1 000 m Pa·s的二甲基硅油按质量比2∶1进行复配,硅膏中白炭黑质量分数5%,乳化剂(以Span-80和Tween-80复配制得,HLB值为9)质量分数为7%,以此配方制得水包油(O/W)型有机硅消泡剂,消泡性能优良、乳液稳定性好。
基金supported by Jiangxi Province Health Department(20133061).The authors declare no conflict of interest.
文摘Purpose:The level of care burden experienced by caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury and their coping style were evaluated in order to identify ways to improve their capacity to respond and reduce the care burden.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 150 spinal cord injury patients who were discharged from the Second and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and their primary caregivers.The Chinese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were distributed to assess caregiver burden and coping strategies.Results:The care burden score of the caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury was 52.9111.56 points.Eighty-eight percent of caregivers reported moderate or severe care burden levels.The largest proportion of caregivers were female spouses,who were less likely to use an active coping strategy.A negative coping strategy was more frequently used by caregivers compared to healthy adults,and was positively correlated with burden of care.In contrast,a negative correlation was found between the care burden and an active coping style.Conclusion:Primary caregivers of spinal cord injury patients report a heavy burden of care.As active coping strategies are more beneficial,medical care providers should encourage caregivers to make more use of these coping styles to promote physical and mental health for themselves,their patients and their family,as well as to improve the quality of care provided.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.BAA03B04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘The cytochrome P450 gene CYP81A6 confers tolerance to bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl, two selective herbicides widely used for weed control in rice and wheat fields. Knockout mutants of CYP81A6 are highly susceptible to both herbicides. The present study aimed to characterize the CYP81A6 expression in rice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） analyses demonstrated that foliar treatment of bentazon（500 mg/L） greatly induced expression of CYP81A6 in both wild-type（Jiazhe B） and its knockout mutant（Jiazhe m B）： a 10-fold increase at 9 h before returning to basal levels at 24 h in Jiazhe B, while in the mutant the expression level rose to 20-fold at 12 h and maintained at such high level up to 24 h post exposure. In contrast, metsulfuron-methyl（500 mg/L） treatment did not affect the expression of CYP81A6 in Jiazhe B within 80 h; thereafter the expression peaked at 120 h and returned gradually to basal levels by Day 6. We suggest that a metabolite of metsulfuron-methyl, 1H-2,3-benzothiazin-4-（3H）-one-2,2-dioxide, is likely to be responsible for inducing CYP81A6 expression, rather than the metsulfuronmethyl itself. Use of a promoter-GUS reporter construct（CYP81A6Pro：：GUS） demonstrated that CYP81A6 was constitutively expressed throughout the plant, with the highest expression in the upper surfaces of leaves. Subcellular localization studies in rice protoplasts showed that CYP81A6 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. These observations advance our understanding of CYP81A6 expression in rice, particularly its response to the two herbicides.
基金supported by major research program of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD21C020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001920)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20190298).
文摘Weeds are a major biotic constraint that can cause dramatic crop production losses.Herbicide technology has been widely used by farmers as the most cost-effective weed control measure,and development of new strategy to improve herbicide tolerance in plants is urgently needed.The CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool has been used in diverse applications related to agricultural technology for crop improvement.Here we identified three polyamine uptake transporter(PUT)genes in rice that are homologous to the Arabidopsis AtRMV1.We successfully demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of OsPUT1/2/3 greatly improves paraquat resistance in rice without obvious yield penalty.Therefore,manipulation of these loci could be valuable for producing transgene-free rice with improved herbicide resistance in future.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872653 and 31800210)the Zhejiang Provincial Talent Program(Grant No.2019R52005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities(Grant No.2021 XZZX023).
文摘High temperature elicits a well-conserved response called the unfol ded protein response(UPR)to bring protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).Two key UPR regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 have been shown to be essential for maintaining fertility under heat stress conditions in Arabidopsis,however,the function of transcriptional activator bZIP17,a paralog of bZIP28,in heat stress response at reproductive stage is not reported.Here we found that bzip17 mutant plants were sensitive to heat stress in terms of silique length and fertility comparing to that of wildtype(WT)Arabidopsis plants,and transcri ptomic analysis showed that 1380 genes were specifically up-regulated and 493 genes were specifically down-regulated by heat stress in the flowers of WT plants comparing to that in bzip17 mutant plants.These bZIP17-dependent up-regulated genes were enriched in responses to a biotic stresses such as water deprivation and salt stress.Further chromatin immuno-preci pitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing(ChIP-Seq)uncovered 1645 genes that were direct targets of bZIP17 in MYC-bZIP17 expressing seedlings subjected to heat stress.Among these 1645 genes,ERSE-II cis-element was enriched in the binding peaks of their promoters,and the up-regulation of 113 genes by heat stress in flowers was dependent on bZIP17.Our results revealed direct targets of bZIP17 in flowers during heat stress responses and demonstrated the important role of bZIP17 in maintai ning fertility upon heat stress in plants.
