Four depth treatments of subsurface drip irrigation pipes were designated as 1) at 20,2) 30 and 3) 40 cm depths all with a drip-proof flumes underneath,and 4) at 30 cm without a drip-proof flume to investigate the res...Four depth treatments of subsurface drip irrigation pipes were designated as 1) at 20,2) 30 and 3) 40 cm depths all with a drip-proof flumes underneath,and 4) at 30 cm without a drip-proof flume to investigate the responses of a tomato root system to different technical parameters of subsurface drip irrigation in a glass greenhouse,to evaluate tomato growth as affected by subsurface drip irrigation,and to develop an integrated subsurface drip irrigation method for optimal tomato yield and water use in a glass greenhouse. Tomato seedlings were planted above the subsurface drip irrigation pipe. Most of the tomato roots in treatment 1 were found in the top 0-20 cm soil depth with weak root activity but with yield and water use efficiency (WUE) significantly less (P ---- 0.05) than treatment 2; root activity and tomato yield were significantly higher (P = 0.05) with treatment 3 compared to treatment 1; and with treatment 2 the tomato roots and shoots grew harmoniously with root activity,nutrient uptake,tomato yield and WUE significantly higher (P= 0.05) or as high as the other treatments. These findings suggested that subsurface drip irrigation with pipes at 30 cm depth with a drip-proof flume placed underneath was best for tomato production in greenhouses. In addition,the irrigation interval should be about 7-8 days and the irrigation rate should be set to 225 m3 ha-1 per event.展开更多
To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize(Zea mays L.) inoculated with arbuscular myco...To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize(Zea mays L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that,in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc and lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.展开更多
Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv.) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi( Suillus bovinus ) under 6 5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal...Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv.) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi( Suillus bovinus ) under 6 5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings' tolerance to heavy metal stress.Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25 mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6 5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 25 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non mycorrhizal plants. O 2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non mycorrhizal ones.展开更多
Visual cryptography is an encryption method that shares a secret image through several encrypted images. General visual cryptography has no stacking order dependence, and only one image can be decoded regardless of st...Visual cryptography is an encryption method that shares a secret image through several encrypted images. General visual cryptography has no stacking order dependence, and only one image can be decoded regardless of stacking order of encrypted images. We previously reported a color visual cryptography using interference color (or polarization color) of retarder films. The interference color changes depending on the stacking order of retarder films. In this paper, we propose and develop a color visual cryptography that displays two images by changing stacking order of retarder films.展开更多
Visual cryptography is a method of encrypting an image into several encrypted images. Conventional visual cryptography can display only monochrome images. We previously proposed a color visual cryptography method that...Visual cryptography is a method of encrypting an image into several encrypted images. Conventional visual cryptography can display only monochrome images. We previously proposed a color visual cryptography method that uses the interference color of high-order retarder films and encrypts one secret image into two encrypted images. In other words, this method can only encrypt one image at a time. In this paper, we propose a new method that encrypts two color images using interference color.展开更多
目的:评价家庭康复护理对老年髋部骨折术后康复的影响。方法:通过计算机系统检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、OVID Technologies、美国国立医学图书馆(The National Library of Medicine,NLM)、中国知网、万方数据库、维普...目的:评价家庭康复护理对老年髋部骨折术后康复的影响。方法:通过计算机系统检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、OVID Technologies、美国国立医学图书馆(The National Library of Medicine,NLM)、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库及百度学术中关于家庭康复护理应用于老年髋部骨折病人术后恢复的随机对照试验,同时筛检纳入文献的参考文献。由2名研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,采用RevMan 5.4统计软件进行数据分析。结果:共纳入14篇随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示,家庭康复护理有助于改善老年髋部骨折病人术后髋关节功能[MD=12.96,95%CI(8.45,17.47),P<0.00001],提高日常生活活动能力[MD=12.11,95%CI(5.10,19.11),P=0.0007]及生活质量[MD=5.62,95%CI(4.70,6.55),P<0.00001]。结论:现有证据表明,家庭康复护理可改善老年髋部骨折术后髋关节功能,提高日常生活活动能力及生活质量。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. KZCX-SW-416-02), and the K. C. Wong Post Doctoral Research Award Fund of CAS (No. 29, 2002).
文摘Four depth treatments of subsurface drip irrigation pipes were designated as 1) at 20,2) 30 and 3) 40 cm depths all with a drip-proof flumes underneath,and 4) at 30 cm without a drip-proof flume to investigate the responses of a tomato root system to different technical parameters of subsurface drip irrigation in a glass greenhouse,to evaluate tomato growth as affected by subsurface drip irrigation,and to develop an integrated subsurface drip irrigation method for optimal tomato yield and water use in a glass greenhouse. Tomato seedlings were planted above the subsurface drip irrigation pipe. Most of the tomato roots in treatment 1 were found in the top 0-20 cm soil depth with weak root activity but with yield and water use efficiency (WUE) significantly less (P ---- 0.05) than treatment 2; root activity and tomato yield were significantly higher (P = 0.05) with treatment 3 compared to treatment 1; and with treatment 2 the tomato roots and shoots grew harmoniously with root activity,nutrient uptake,tomato yield and WUE significantly higher (P= 0.05) or as high as the other treatments. These findings suggested that subsurface drip irrigation with pipes at 30 cm depth with a drip-proof flume placed underneath was best for tomato production in greenhouses. In addition,the irrigation interval should be about 7-8 days and the irrigation rate should be set to 225 m3 ha-1 per event.
文摘To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize(Zea mays L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that,in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc and lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.
文摘Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv.) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi( Suillus bovinus ) under 6 5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings' tolerance to heavy metal stress.Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25 mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6 5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 25 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non mycorrhizal plants. O 2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non mycorrhizal ones.
文摘Visual cryptography is an encryption method that shares a secret image through several encrypted images. General visual cryptography has no stacking order dependence, and only one image can be decoded regardless of stacking order of encrypted images. We previously reported a color visual cryptography using interference color (or polarization color) of retarder films. The interference color changes depending on the stacking order of retarder films. In this paper, we propose and develop a color visual cryptography that displays two images by changing stacking order of retarder films.
文摘Visual cryptography is a method of encrypting an image into several encrypted images. Conventional visual cryptography can display only monochrome images. We previously proposed a color visual cryptography method that uses the interference color of high-order retarder films and encrypts one secret image into two encrypted images. In other words, this method can only encrypt one image at a time. In this paper, we propose a new method that encrypts two color images using interference color.
文摘目的:评价家庭康复护理对老年髋部骨折术后康复的影响。方法:通过计算机系统检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、OVID Technologies、美国国立医学图书馆(The National Library of Medicine,NLM)、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库及百度学术中关于家庭康复护理应用于老年髋部骨折病人术后恢复的随机对照试验,同时筛检纳入文献的参考文献。由2名研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,采用RevMan 5.4统计软件进行数据分析。结果:共纳入14篇随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示,家庭康复护理有助于改善老年髋部骨折病人术后髋关节功能[MD=12.96,95%CI(8.45,17.47),P<0.00001],提高日常生活活动能力[MD=12.11,95%CI(5.10,19.11),P=0.0007]及生活质量[MD=5.62,95%CI(4.70,6.55),P<0.00001]。结论:现有证据表明,家庭康复护理可改善老年髋部骨折术后髋关节功能,提高日常生活活动能力及生活质量。
