目的建立气相色谱法快速测定保康茶叶中8种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。方法样品用正己烷超声提取,经浓硫酸磺化反应对其净化除杂,后用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器分离检测,外标法定量。结果本方法对8种有机氯农药的检出限(limit of detecti...目的建立气相色谱法快速测定保康茶叶中8种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。方法样品用正己烷超声提取,经浓硫酸磺化反应对其净化除杂,后用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器分离检测,外标法定量。结果本方法对8种有机氯农药的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)为0.29~0.47 ng/mL,线性相关性良好,r2在0.9991~0.9999之间,方法加标回收率在82.7%~110.0%之间,方法相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.11%~4.45%之间。结论本方法简单快捷,准确度和精密度高,抗干扰能力强,适用于茶叶中有机氯农药残留的定量检测。展开更多
St udying the changes in nutrient use strategies induced by grazing can provide insight into the process of grassland degradation and is important for improving grassland quality and enhancing ecosystem function. Domi...St udying the changes in nutrient use strategies induced by grazing can provide insight into the process of grassland degradation and is important for improving grassland quality and enhancing ecosystem function. Dominant species in meadow steppe can optimize their use of limiting resources; however, the regulation of nutrient use strategies across grazing gradients is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we report an in situ study in which the impact of grazing rates on nutrient use strategies of Leymus chinensis, the dominant plant species in eastern Eurasian temperate steppes, was investigated. We conducted a large randomized controlled experiment（conducted continuously for five years in grassland plots in a natural pasture in Ha ilar, eastern Mongolia Plateau, China） to assess the effects of grazing rate treatments（0.00, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69, and 0.92 adult cattle unit（AU） ha-1） on L. chinensis along a grazing gradient and employed a random sampling approach to compare the accumulation, allocation, and stoichiometry of C, N, and P in leaves and stems. Ou r findings demonstrated the follows：（i） The height of L. chinensis decreased with an increase in the grazing gradient, and the concentrations of C, N, and P significantly increased;（ii） the accumulation of C, N, and P per individual was negatively correlated with the concentration of aboveground tissues, suggesting that there was a tradeoff in L. chinensis between nutrient accumulation and concentration at the individual scale;（iii） the leaf-to-stem ratio of C, N, and P accumulation increased with grazing intensity, indicating a tradeoff in nutrient allocation and plant size at the individual plant level; and（iv） grazing rates were negatively correlated with the ratios of C：N and C：P in the stem; however, these ratios in leaves significantly increased with grazing intensity. Our findings suggest that L. chinensis in meadow steppe adapts to grazing disturbance through tradeoffs between plant size and nutrient use 展开更多
Grazing can dramatically affect arid grassland communities that are very vulnerable to environmental changes due to its relatively short and sparse ground coverage, low biomass, sandy soil and inter-annual precipitati...Grazing can dramatically affect arid grassland communities that are very vulnerable to environmental changes due to its relatively short and sparse ground coverage, low biomass, sandy soil and inter-annual precipitation found in the desert steppe. The study investigates the effects of different grazing durations on vegetation and soil properties of a desert steppe community. The experiment was conducted in Xisu Banner in Inner Mongolia with ifve treatments：CG （continuous grazing）, 40UG （40 d ungrazed）, 50UG （50 d ungrazed）, 60UG （60 d ungrazed） and UG （ungrazed）. The biomass of both shrub and annual-biennial plant communities were signiifcantly decreased by CG. Continuous grazing and 40UG signiifcantly reduced the ANPP （aboveground net primary productivity） by the end of the three year study. 60UG treatment increased soil organic carbon （OC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and total phosphorus concentration （TP） concentrations and 50UG increased the TN and total phosphorus concentration （TK） concentrations, whereas CG, 40UG and 50UG decreased soil OC, TP and available phosphorus concentration （AP） concentrations. The perennial plant species of the desert steppe were generally tolerant for grazing. The annual-biennial plant species had large variability in ANPP because of the inter-annual precipitation. Our results highlight that inter-annual precipitation variations could strongly modify the community responses to grazing in arid ecosystems.展开更多
文摘目的建立气相色谱法快速测定保康茶叶中8种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。方法样品用正己烷超声提取,经浓硫酸磺化反应对其净化除杂,后用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器分离检测,外标法定量。结果本方法对8种有机氯农药的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)为0.29~0.47 ng/mL,线性相关性良好,r2在0.9991~0.9999之间,方法加标回收率在82.7%~110.0%之间,方法相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.11%~4.45%之间。结论本方法简单快捷,准确度和精密度高,抗干扰能力强,适用于茶叶中有机氯农药残留的定量检测。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138806)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China (2013DFR30760)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Committee of Inner Mongolia, China (ZD201502)the Basic Research Funding Project of Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1610332015005)
文摘St udying the changes in nutrient use strategies induced by grazing can provide insight into the process of grassland degradation and is important for improving grassland quality and enhancing ecosystem function. Dominant species in meadow steppe can optimize their use of limiting resources; however, the regulation of nutrient use strategies across grazing gradients is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we report an in situ study in which the impact of grazing rates on nutrient use strategies of Leymus chinensis, the dominant plant species in eastern Eurasian temperate steppes, was investigated. We conducted a large randomized controlled experiment（conducted continuously for five years in grassland plots in a natural pasture in Ha ilar, eastern Mongolia Plateau, China） to assess the effects of grazing rate treatments（0.00, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69, and 0.92 adult cattle unit（AU） ha-1） on L. chinensis along a grazing gradient and employed a random sampling approach to compare the accumulation, allocation, and stoichiometry of C, N, and P in leaves and stems. Ou r findings demonstrated the follows：（i） The height of L. chinensis decreased with an increase in the grazing gradient, and the concentrations of C, N, and P significantly increased;（ii） the accumulation of C, N, and P per individual was negatively correlated with the concentration of aboveground tissues, suggesting that there was a tradeoff in L. chinensis between nutrient accumulation and concentration at the individual scale;（iii） the leaf-to-stem ratio of C, N, and P accumulation increased with grazing intensity, indicating a tradeoff in nutrient allocation and plant size at the individual plant level; and（iv） grazing rates were negatively correlated with the ratios of C：N and C：P in the stem; however, these ratios in leaves significantly increased with grazing intensity. Our findings suggest that L. chinensis in meadow steppe adapts to grazing disturbance through tradeoffs between plant size and nutrient use
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138801)the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFR30760)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M541096)the National Important Research Program of Inner Mongolia,China (2010ZD08)the Central Nonprofit Research Institutes Fundamental Research Funds,China (1610332013015)
文摘Grazing can dramatically affect arid grassland communities that are very vulnerable to environmental changes due to its relatively short and sparse ground coverage, low biomass, sandy soil and inter-annual precipitation found in the desert steppe. The study investigates the effects of different grazing durations on vegetation and soil properties of a desert steppe community. The experiment was conducted in Xisu Banner in Inner Mongolia with ifve treatments：CG （continuous grazing）, 40UG （40 d ungrazed）, 50UG （50 d ungrazed）, 60UG （60 d ungrazed） and UG （ungrazed）. The biomass of both shrub and annual-biennial plant communities were signiifcantly decreased by CG. Continuous grazing and 40UG signiifcantly reduced the ANPP （aboveground net primary productivity） by the end of the three year study. 60UG treatment increased soil organic carbon （OC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and total phosphorus concentration （TP） concentrations and 50UG increased the TN and total phosphorus concentration （TK） concentrations, whereas CG, 40UG and 50UG decreased soil OC, TP and available phosphorus concentration （AP） concentrations. The perennial plant species of the desert steppe were generally tolerant for grazing. The annual-biennial plant species had large variability in ANPP because of the inter-annual precipitation. Our results highlight that inter-annual precipitation variations could strongly modify the community responses to grazing in arid ecosystems.
