AIM： To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi （S. mukorossl） and Rheum emodi （R. emodl）. METHODS： Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzen...AIM： To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi （S. mukorossl） and Rheum emodi （R. emodl）. METHODS： Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylon, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram ＋ve （S. aureus, B. subtilis） and two Gram -ve （E. coli, P. vugaris） organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS： In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms （two Gram ＋ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris） were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited Hpylori at very low concentrations, In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations （10 μg/mL） for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi （2.5 mg/mL） and R. emodi （3.0 mg/mL） given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION： We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages.展开更多
AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted succ...AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4-treated male rats. RESULTS: In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl4 and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl4 damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo : extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl4 induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl4 mediated liver injury.展开更多
AIM： To enrich hepatic progenitors using epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM） as a marker from human fetal liver and investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigen （HLA） and their markers associated w...AIM： To enrich hepatic progenitors using epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM） as a marker from human fetal liver and investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigen （HLA） and their markers associated with hepatic progenitor cells. METHODS： EpCAM ＋ve cells were isolated using magnetic cell sorting （MACS） from human fetuses （n = 10） at 15-25 wk gestation. Expression of markers for hepatic progenitors such as albumin, alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）, CD29 （integrin ~1）, CD49f （integrin c^6） and CD90 （Thy 1） was studied by using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR; HLA class Ⅰ （A, B, C） and class Ⅱ （DR） expression was studied by flow cytometry only. RESULTS： FACS analysis indicated that EpCAM ＋ve cells were positive for CD29, CD49f, CD90, CD34, HLA class I, albumin and AFP but negative for HLA class Ⅱ （DR） and CD45. RT PCR showed that EpCAM ＋ve cells expressed liver epithelial markers （CK18）, biliary specific marker （CK19） and hepatic markers （albumin, AFP）. On immunocytochemical staining, EpCAM ＋ve cells were shown positive signals for CK18 and albumin. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that these EpCAM ＋ve cells can be used as hepatic progenitors for cell transplantation with a minimum risk of alloreactivity and these cells may serve as a potential source for enrichment of hepatic progenitor.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the presence of the cag-pathogenicity island and the associated histological damage caused by strains with complete cag-PAI and with partial deletions in correlation to the disease status. METHODS...AIM： To investigate the presence of the cag-pathogenicity island and the associated histological damage caused by strains with complete cag-PAI and with partial deletions in correlation to the disease status. METHODS： We analyzed the complete cag-PAI of 174 representative Helicobacter pylori （H pylori ） clinical isolates obtained from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and non-ulcer dyspepsia using eight different oligonucleotide primers viz cagA1, cagA2, cagAP1, cagAP2, cagE, cagT, LEC-1, LEC-2 spanning five different loci of the whole cag-PAI by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. RESULTS： The complete screening of the genes comprising the cag-PAI showed that larger proportions of subjects with gastric ulcer （97.8%） inhabited strains with complete cag-PAI, followed by gastric cancer （85.7%）, non-ulcer dyspepsia （7.1%）, and duodenal ulcer （6.9%）, significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of the genes in all the clinical groups studied. It was found that strains with complete cag-PAI were able to cause severe histological damage than with the partially deleted ones. CONCLUSION： The cag-PAI is a strong virulent marker in the disease pathogenesis as it is shown that a large number of those infected with strain with complete cag-PAI had one or the other of the irreversible gastric pathologies and interestingly 18.5% of them developed gastric carcinoma. The presence of an intact cag- PAI correlates with the development of more severe pathology, and such strains were found more frequently in patients with severe gastroduodenal disease. Partial deletions of the cag-PAI appear to be sufficient to render the organism less pathogenic.展开更多
AIM: To establish the safety and efficacy of an indigenously developed r-hepatitis B vaccine using an accelerated schedule and to highlight the social awareness and commitment in preventing the spreading of hepatitis ...AIM: To establish the safety and efficacy of an indigenously developed r-hepatitis B vaccine using an accelerated schedule and to highlight the social awareness and commitment in preventing the spreading of hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: The study was a multicentric, double blind, randomized (3:1) study using three doses of vaccine immunization schedule (20μg for those above 10 years old and 10 μg for those below 10 years old) on d 0, 30 and 60. One hundred and sixty-six subjects were enrolled (87 males and 76 females aged 5-35 years). The main outcome measure was assessment of immunogenicity and safety. RESULTS: A 100% seroconversion response was observed on the 30th d after the 1st injection in both the experimental groups. The sero-protection data reported a 41.2-65.6% response on the 30th d after the 1st injection and reached 100% on the 60th d. Descriptive statistical analysis showed a geometric mean titer value of 13.77 mIU/mL in the test (BEVAC) group and 10.95 mlU/mL in the commercial control (ENGERIX-B) group on the 30th d after the 1st injection. The response on the 60th d showed a geometric mean titre value (GMT) of 519.84 mlU/mL in the BEVAC group and 475.46 mlU/mL in the ENGERIX-B group. On the 90th d, the antibody titer response was observed to be 2627.58 mlU/mL in the BEVAC group and 2272.72 mlU/mL in the ENGERIX-B group. Two subjects in each group experienced pains at injection site after the first vaccination. A total of six subjects in both groups experienced a solicited adverse reaction, which included pains, swelling and redness at the injection site, three subjects in the group-B had a pain at the injection site after the third dose. No other serious adverse events occurred and no dose-related local or general symptoms were observed during the study. CONCLUSION: The vaccine is safe, efficacious and immunogenic in comparison with the well documented ENGERIX-B.展开更多
AIM: To enrich putative hepatic progenitors from the developing human fetal liver using CD34 as a marker. METHODS: Aborted fetuses of 13-20 wk were used for the isolation of liver cells. The cells were labeled with an...AIM: To enrich putative hepatic progenitors from the developing human fetal liver using CD34 as a marker. METHODS: Aborted fetuses of 13-20 wk were used for the isolation of liver cells. The cells were labeled with anti CD34; a marker used for isolating progenitor population and the cells were sorted using magnetic cell sorting. The positive fractions of cells were assessed for specific hepatic markers. Further, these cells were cultured in vitro for long term investigation. RESULTS: Flow cytometric and immunocytochemical analysis for alphafetoprotein (AFP) showed that the majority of the enriched CD34 positive cells were positive for AFP. Furthermore, these enriched cells proliferated in the long term and maintained hepatic characteristics in in vitro culture. CONCLUSION: The study shows that aborted human fetal liver is a potential source for isolation of hepatic progenitors for clinical applications. The study also demonstrates that CD34 can be a good marker for the enrichment of progenitor populations.展开更多
Improving organizational performance can be achieved through business process redesign (BPR). When it comes to modern work practices, organizations must often redesign their processes to keep up. This is where enterpr...Improving organizational performance can be achieved through business process redesign (BPR). When it comes to modern work practices, organizations must often redesign their processes to keep up. This is where enterprise software comes in, offering a common data infrastructure that enables different parts of the organization to access all necessary financial data. The architecture of network accounting business process is divided into three layers. The core layer lies in the enterprise LAN that it can integrate six business processes information into one unity of financial information and non-financial information, including purchasing, inventory, production, sales, finance and customer service, and it can generate flexibly a variety of accounting statements to meet fully the information users’ demands by providing more complete and more valuable related information. The second layer lies in Intranet among enterprises based on the core layer that it can support the link of business processes and the inter-sharing of information among node enterprises of SCM and other external enterprises. The third layer lies in Internet based on the second layer that it can fit society, enterprise and individual together, the specific lays the solid foundation of business collaboration, remote management, online management and centralized management. The operating mechanisms of the network accounting business processes are as follows. When the business event occurs, the probe can get the event information in real-time and the result is stored in the database. Meanwhile, the drive controller can control the business events in real-time by gaining control criteria and standards from database. In case the standard is exceeded, the event is not allowed to occur. Enterprise’ business staff or external personnel can output automatically the required results through report tools if they had the reading authority. Supported the information system and optimizing processes, the managers can directly use the business event information,展开更多
In the intelligent transportation system, the autonomous vehicle platoon is a promising concept for addressing traffic congestion problems. However, under certain conditions, the platoon’s advantage cannot be properl...In the intelligent transportation system, the autonomous vehicle platoon is a promising concept for addressing traffic congestion problems. However, under certain conditions, the platoon’s advantage cannot be properly developed, especially when stopping for electronic toll collection (ETC) to pay the toll fee using the highway. This study proposes a software architectural platform that enables connected automated vehicles to reserve a grid-based alternative approach to replace current highway toll collection systems. A planned travel route is reserved in advance by a connected automated vehicle in a platoon, and travel is based on reservation information. We use driving information acquired by communication mechanisms installed in connected automated vehicles to develop a dynamic map platform that collects highway toll tax based on reserving spatio-temporal grids. Spatio-temporal sections are developed by dividing space and time into equal grids and assigning a certain road tax rate. The results of the performance evaluation reveal that the proposed method appropriately reserves the specified grids and collects toll taxes accurately based on a spatio-temporal grid with minimal communication time and no data package loss. Likely, using the proposed method to mediate driving on a one-kilometer route takes an average of 36.5 seconds, as compared to ETC and the combination of ETC and freeway road lane methods, which take 46.6 and 53.8 seconds, respectively, for 1000 vehicles. Consequently, our proposed method’s travel time improvements will reduce congestion by more effectively exploiting road capacity as well as enhance the number of platoons while providing non-stoppable travel for autonomous vehicles.展开更多
Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhal...Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhali District in Bangladesh were assessed. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in soils were 1-87, 5-271, 4-181, 0-80, 0.2-24.0, and 5-276 mg kg-1, respectively, measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The enrichment factor, pollution load index (PLI), and contamination factor (CJ) of metal i were used to assess the ecological risk posed by metals in soils. The PLI ranged from 0.78 to 2.66, indicating baseline levels to progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, C;of Cd ranged from 1.8 to 12.0, which showed that the studied soils were strongly impacted by Cd. Considering the severity of the potential ecological risk of a single metal, the descending order was Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. Soils under all land uses showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is common during the peri-transplantation period.The incidence of immunological reactions to blood transfusion after kidney transplantation and their consequences on graft outcomes have no...BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is common during the peri-transplantation period.The incidence of immunological reactions to blood transfusion after kidney transplantation and their consequences on graft outcomes have not been extensively studied.AIM To examine the risk of graft rejection and loss in patients who received blood transfusion in the immediate peri-transplantation period.METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 105 kidney recipients,among them 54 patients received leukodepleted blood transfusion at our center between January 2017 and March 2020.RESULTS This study included 105 kidney recipients,of which 80%kidneys were from living-related donors,14%from living-unrelated donors,and 6%from deceased donors.Living-related donors were mostly first-degree relatives(74.5%),while the rest were second-degree relatives.The patients were divided into transfusion(n=54)and non-transfusion(n=51)groups.The average hemoglobin level at which blood transfusion was commenced was 7.4±0.9 mg/dL.There were no differences between the groups in terms of rejection rates,graft loss,or death.During the study period,there was no significant difference in creatinine level progression between the two groups.Delayed graft function was higher in the transfusion group;however,this finding was not statistically significant.A high number of transfused packed red blood cells was significantly associated with increased creatinine levels at the end of the study.CONCLUSION Leukodepleted blood transfusion was not associated with a higher risk of rejection,graft loss,or death in kidney transplant recipients.展开更多
In a wide variety of mechanical and industrial applications,e.g.,space cooling,nuclear reactor cooling,medicinal utilizations(magnetic drug targeting),energy generation,and heat conduction in tissues,the heat transfer...In a wide variety of mechanical and industrial applications,e.g.,space cooling,nuclear reactor cooling,medicinal utilizations(magnetic drug targeting),energy generation,and heat conduction in tissues,the heat transfer phenomenon is involved.Fourier’s law of heat conduction has been used as the foundation for predicting the heat transfer behavior in a variety of real-world contexts.This model’s production of a parabolic energy expression,which means that an initial disturbance would immediately affect the system under investigation,is one of its main drawbacks.Therefore,numerous researchers worked on such problem to resolve this issue.At last,this problem was resolved by Cattaneo by adding relaxation time for heat flux in Fourier’s law,which was defined as the time required to establish steady heat conduction once a temperature gradient is imposed.Christov offered a material invariant version of Cattaneo’s model by taking into account the upper-connected derivative of the Oldroyd model.Nowadays,both models are combinedly known as the Cattaneo-Christov(CC)model.In this attempt,the mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan Sutterby nanofluid flow is addressed towards a wedge surface in the presence of the variable external magnetic field.The CC model is incorporated instead of Fourier’s law for the examination of heat transfer features in the energy expression.A two-phase nanofluid model is utilized for the implementation of nano-concept.The nonlinear system of equations is tackled through the bvp4c technique in the MATLAB software 2016.The influence of pertinent flow parameters is discussed and displayed through different sketches.Major and important results are summarized in the conclusion section.Furthermore,in both cases of wall-through flow(i.e.,suction and injection effects),the porosity parameters increase the flow speed,and decrease the heat transport and the influence of drag forces.展开更多
Fuel taxes are still a primary funding source for the development and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. Such a tax is collected as a flat fee from the importer or producer of the taxable fuel product. Fuel...Fuel taxes are still a primary funding source for the development and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. Such a tax is collected as a flat fee from the importer or producer of the taxable fuel product. Fuel-efficiency improvements and the adoption of zero-emission vehicles result in a continuous decrease in gasoline tax revenues. This paper proposes a novel distance-based alternative method to replace current gasoline tax collection systems in Japan by providing a software architecture platform. In this platform, we utilize driving information gathered via communication mechanisms installed in connected automated vehicles to develop a system that collects gasoline tax based on reserving spatio-temporal grids. Spatio-temporal sections are created by dividing space and time into equal grids and a designated tax charge is assigned. Connected automated vehicles reserve a planned travel route in advance and travel based on reservation information. The performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed system adequately reserves the requested grids and accurately collects gasoline taxes based on a spatio-temporal grid with minimum communication time and no data package loss. The proposed method is based on micro travel distance charges, which generates gasoline tax revenue by 5.7 percent for model year 2022 and 21.8 percent for model year 2030 as compared to the current flat-fee system.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Flelicobacter pylori （H pylori） 16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrogr...AIM： To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Flelicobacter pylori （H pylori） 16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP） from 60 Indian subjects. METHODS： Sixty bile samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with various hepato-biliary diseases and control subjects at ERCP. PCR analysis was carried out using primers for Helicobacter genus 16S rRNA gene and H pylori （16S rRNA, urea and cagA） genes. Gastric H pylori status was also assessed from biopsies obtained at endoscopy from patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and controls. The control group mainly consisted of subjects with gastric disorders. Sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA and cagA primers were derived from H pylori. RESULTS No Helicobacters were grown in culture from the bile samples. Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile of 96.7% and 6.6% of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively. Ten from group Ⅰ were positive for 16S rRNA and ureA and 9 were positive for cagA gene. In contrast of the 2 from the control, 1 amplified with 16S rRNA, ureA and cagA primers used. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and cagA were 99% similar to Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSION： Helicobacters are associated with the pathogenesis of various hepato-biliary disorders.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Breast lymphomas are typical extranodal types of lymphoma, also known as Extranodal-lymphoma (ENL), which occur extremely infrequently, aggregating into a very small proportion...<strong>Background: </strong>Breast lymphomas are typical extranodal types of lymphoma, also known as Extranodal-lymphoma (ENL), which occur extremely infrequently, aggregating into a very small proportion of malignant breast tumors. The rarity of breast lymphomas is attributed to the scant lymphoid tissue content of the chest wall. <strong>Aims of Study: </strong>This case report is aimed at providing an up-to-date review of the literature on breast lymphomas for clinicians to, therefore, consider the possibility of this disease entity while treating a breast mass. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> A case was reported of a 52-year man with chief mammary non-Hodgkin breast ENL when fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not leading to a firm conclusion or result. Following an incisional biopsy, he was found to have a primary breast lymphoma. Later, the patient was diagnosed with the diffuse large B-cell type of lymphoma also known as non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). He had a complete reduction and disappearances of all the signs and symptoms of the disease after a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisolone (CHOP). <strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Based on the above case presentation, it is vital for health care professionals and oncologists to recognize the disease by assessing the breast mass accurately with more entities so that proper diagnosis via core biopsy (incisional biopsy) can eliminate the PBL before further treatment is required.展开更多
Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress breeding.The variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop production.Herein...Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress breeding.The variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop production.Herein,105 wheat genotypes were screened against drought stress using factorial completely randomized design at seedling stage to determine the genetic diversity and traits association conferring drought tolerance.Analysis of variances revealed that all the studied parameters differed significantly among all genotypes,indicating the significance genetic variability existed among all genotypes for studied indices.The 10 best performance genotypes G1,G6,G11,G16,G21,G26,G39,G44,G51,and G61 were screened as drought tolerant,while five lowest performance genotypes G3,G77,G91,G98,and G105 were screened as drought susceptible.Root length,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents were significantly correlated among themselves which exhibited the importance of these indices for rainfed areas in future wheat breeding scheme.Shoot length exhibited non-significant and negative association with other studied traits,and its selection seems not to be a promising criteria for this germplasm for drought stress.Best performance genotypes under drought stress conditions will be useful in future wheat breeding program and early selection will be effective for developing high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties.展开更多
The paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency in a developing economy. Using the data envelopment analysis method, we compute the efficiency of the...The paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency in a developing economy. Using the data envelopment analysis method, we compute the efficiency of the Chinese banking sector during 2000- 2002 The empirical findings suggest that the inefficiency of the Chinese banking sector stems largely from scale rather than pure technical inefficiencies. Examining different components of economic globalization, we find that greater economic integration through higher trade flows, cultural proximity and political globalization have significant andpositive influence on bank efficiency levels. The empirical findings suggest that liberalization （restrictions） of the capital account exerts a negative （positive） influence on bank efficiency levels in China.展开更多
Wet cupping therapy （WCT） is a traditional complementary therapy, which has been in use for many centuries. WCT is used as an alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of low back pain, migraine headac...Wet cupping therapy （WCT） is a traditional complementary therapy, which has been in use for many centuries. WCT is used as an alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of low back pain, migraine headaches, hypertension, brachialgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, oxygen saturation in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome,tll WCT is also used in dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis acne and urticaria.E2} Side effects of WCT, such as hypotension and bradycardia, rarely occur during application. However, dermatitis, localized infection, scarring and abscess have been reported following WCT.TM In some cases, bubbles of fluid may form at the treatment sites of WCT; these deposits may be located in the epidermis only or in both the epidermidis and the dermis. Fluid deposits of 〈 5 mm in diameter are defined as vesicles and when diameter of fluid deposits 〉 5 mm, they are called bullae.E41 Here we present a case of vesiculobullous lesions after WCT and discuss the physiopathology.展开更多
In recent years,the emergence of nanotechnology experienced incredible development in the field of medical sciences.During the past decade,investigating the characteristics of nanoparticles during fluid flow has been ...In recent years,the emergence of nanotechnology experienced incredible development in the field of medical sciences.During the past decade,investigating the characteristics of nanoparticles during fluid flow has been one of the intriguing issues.Nanoparticle distribution and uniformity have emerged as substantial criteria in both medical and engineering applications.Adverse effects of chemotherapy on healthy tissues are known to be a significant concern during cancer therapy.A novel treatment method of magnetic drug targeting(MDT)has emerged as a promising topical cancer treatment along with some attractive advantages of improving efficacy,fewer side effects,and reduce drug dose.During magnetic drug targeting,the appropriate movement of nanoparticles(magnetic)as carriers is essential for the therapeutic process in the blood clot removal,infection treatment,and tumor cell treatment.In this study,we have numerically investigated the behavior of an unsteady blood flowinfused with magnetic nanoparticles during MDT under the influence of a uniform external magnetic field in a microtube.An optimal homotopy asymptotic method(OHAM)is employed to compute the governing equation for unsteady electromagnetohydrodynamics flow.The influence of Hartmann number(Ha),particle mass parameter(G),particle concentration parameter(R),and electro-osmotic parameter(k)is investigated on the velocity of magnetic nanoparticles and blood flow.Results obtained show that the electro-osmotic parameter,along with Hartmann’s number,dramatically affects the velocity of magnetic nanoparticles,blood flow velocity,and flow rate.Moreover,results also reveal that at a higher Hartman number,homogeneity in nanoparticles distribution improved considerably.The particle concentration andmass parameters effectively influence the capturing effect on nanoparticles in the blood flow using a micro-tube for magnetic drug targeting.Lastly,investigation also indicates that the OHAM analysis is efficient and quick to handle the system of nonlinear equations.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi （S. mukorossl） and Rheum emodi （R. emodl）. METHODS： Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylon, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram ＋ve （S. aureus, B. subtilis） and two Gram -ve （E. coli, P. vugaris） organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS： In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms （two Gram ＋ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris） were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited Hpylori at very low concentrations, In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations （10 μg/mL） for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi （2.5 mg/mL） and R. emodi （3.0 mg/mL） given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION： We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages.
文摘AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4-treated male rats. RESULTS: In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl4 and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl4 damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo : extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl4 induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl4 mediated liver injury.
基金Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Network Grant CMM002ICMR Grant (GAP 0215)
文摘AIM： To enrich hepatic progenitors using epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM） as a marker from human fetal liver and investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigen （HLA） and their markers associated with hepatic progenitor cells. METHODS： EpCAM ＋ve cells were isolated using magnetic cell sorting （MACS） from human fetuses （n = 10） at 15-25 wk gestation. Expression of markers for hepatic progenitors such as albumin, alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）, CD29 （integrin ~1）, CD49f （integrin c^6） and CD90 （Thy 1） was studied by using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR; HLA class Ⅰ （A, B, C） and class Ⅱ （DR） expression was studied by flow cytometry only. RESULTS： FACS analysis indicated that EpCAM ＋ve cells were positive for CD29, CD49f, CD90, CD34, HLA class I, albumin and AFP but negative for HLA class Ⅱ （DR） and CD45. RT PCR showed that EpCAM ＋ve cells expressed liver epithelial markers （CK18）, biliary specific marker （CK19） and hepatic markers （albumin, AFP）. On immunocytochemical staining, EpCAM ＋ve cells were shown positive signals for CK18 and albumin. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that these EpCAM ＋ve cells can be used as hepatic progenitors for cell transplantation with a minimum risk of alloreactivity and these cells may serve as a potential source for enrichment of hepatic progenitor.
基金Supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India , NO. BT/PR2473/Med/13/106/2001
文摘AIM： To investigate the presence of the cag-pathogenicity island and the associated histological damage caused by strains with complete cag-PAI and with partial deletions in correlation to the disease status. METHODS： We analyzed the complete cag-PAI of 174 representative Helicobacter pylori （H pylori ） clinical isolates obtained from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and non-ulcer dyspepsia using eight different oligonucleotide primers viz cagA1, cagA2, cagAP1, cagAP2, cagE, cagT, LEC-1, LEC-2 spanning five different loci of the whole cag-PAI by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. RESULTS： The complete screening of the genes comprising the cag-PAI showed that larger proportions of subjects with gastric ulcer （97.8%） inhabited strains with complete cag-PAI, followed by gastric cancer （85.7%）, non-ulcer dyspepsia （7.1%）, and duodenal ulcer （6.9%）, significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of the genes in all the clinical groups studied. It was found that strains with complete cag-PAI were able to cause severe histological damage than with the partially deleted ones. CONCLUSION： The cag-PAI is a strong virulent marker in the disease pathogenesis as it is shown that a large number of those infected with strain with complete cag-PAI had one or the other of the irreversible gastric pathologies and interestingly 18.5% of them developed gastric carcinoma. The presence of an intact cag- PAI correlates with the development of more severe pathology, and such strains were found more frequently in patients with severe gastroduodenal disease. Partial deletions of the cag-PAI appear to be sufficient to render the organism less pathogenic.
基金Supported by the Biological E Limited, Hyderabad, India
文摘AIM: To establish the safety and efficacy of an indigenously developed r-hepatitis B vaccine using an accelerated schedule and to highlight the social awareness and commitment in preventing the spreading of hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: The study was a multicentric, double blind, randomized (3:1) study using three doses of vaccine immunization schedule (20μg for those above 10 years old and 10 μg for those below 10 years old) on d 0, 30 and 60. One hundred and sixty-six subjects were enrolled (87 males and 76 females aged 5-35 years). The main outcome measure was assessment of immunogenicity and safety. RESULTS: A 100% seroconversion response was observed on the 30th d after the 1st injection in both the experimental groups. The sero-protection data reported a 41.2-65.6% response on the 30th d after the 1st injection and reached 100% on the 60th d. Descriptive statistical analysis showed a geometric mean titer value of 13.77 mIU/mL in the test (BEVAC) group and 10.95 mlU/mL in the commercial control (ENGERIX-B) group on the 30th d after the 1st injection. The response on the 60th d showed a geometric mean titre value (GMT) of 519.84 mlU/mL in the BEVAC group and 475.46 mlU/mL in the ENGERIX-B group. On the 90th d, the antibody titer response was observed to be 2627.58 mlU/mL in the BEVAC group and 2272.72 mlU/mL in the ENGERIX-B group. Two subjects in each group experienced pains at injection site after the first vaccination. A total of six subjects in both groups experienced a solicited adverse reaction, which included pains, swelling and redness at the injection site, three subjects in the group-B had a pain at the injection site after the third dose. No other serious adverse events occurred and no dose-related local or general symptoms were observed during the study. CONCLUSION: The vaccine is safe, efficacious and immunogenic in comparison with the well documented ENGERIX-B.
基金Supported by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
文摘AIM: To enrich putative hepatic progenitors from the developing human fetal liver using CD34 as a marker. METHODS: Aborted fetuses of 13-20 wk were used for the isolation of liver cells. The cells were labeled with anti CD34; a marker used for isolating progenitor population and the cells were sorted using magnetic cell sorting. The positive fractions of cells were assessed for specific hepatic markers. Further, these cells were cultured in vitro for long term investigation. RESULTS: Flow cytometric and immunocytochemical analysis for alphafetoprotein (AFP) showed that the majority of the enriched CD34 positive cells were positive for AFP. Furthermore, these enriched cells proliferated in the long term and maintained hepatic characteristics in in vitro culture. CONCLUSION: The study shows that aborted human fetal liver is a potential source for isolation of hepatic progenitors for clinical applications. The study also demonstrates that CD34 can be a good marker for the enrichment of progenitor populations.
文摘Improving organizational performance can be achieved through business process redesign (BPR). When it comes to modern work practices, organizations must often redesign their processes to keep up. This is where enterprise software comes in, offering a common data infrastructure that enables different parts of the organization to access all necessary financial data. The architecture of network accounting business process is divided into three layers. The core layer lies in the enterprise LAN that it can integrate six business processes information into one unity of financial information and non-financial information, including purchasing, inventory, production, sales, finance and customer service, and it can generate flexibly a variety of accounting statements to meet fully the information users’ demands by providing more complete and more valuable related information. The second layer lies in Intranet among enterprises based on the core layer that it can support the link of business processes and the inter-sharing of information among node enterprises of SCM and other external enterprises. The third layer lies in Internet based on the second layer that it can fit society, enterprise and individual together, the specific lays the solid foundation of business collaboration, remote management, online management and centralized management. The operating mechanisms of the network accounting business processes are as follows. When the business event occurs, the probe can get the event information in real-time and the result is stored in the database. Meanwhile, the drive controller can control the business events in real-time by gaining control criteria and standards from database. In case the standard is exceeded, the event is not allowed to occur. Enterprise’ business staff or external personnel can output automatically the required results through report tools if they had the reading authority. Supported the information system and optimizing processes, the managers can directly use the business event information,
文摘In the intelligent transportation system, the autonomous vehicle platoon is a promising concept for addressing traffic congestion problems. However, under certain conditions, the platoon’s advantage cannot be properly developed, especially when stopping for electronic toll collection (ETC) to pay the toll fee using the highway. This study proposes a software architectural platform that enables connected automated vehicles to reserve a grid-based alternative approach to replace current highway toll collection systems. A planned travel route is reserved in advance by a connected automated vehicle in a platoon, and travel is based on reservation information. We use driving information acquired by communication mechanisms installed in connected automated vehicles to develop a dynamic map platform that collects highway toll tax based on reserving spatio-temporal grids. Spatio-temporal sections are developed by dividing space and time into equal grids and assigning a certain road tax rate. The results of the performance evaluation reveal that the proposed method appropriately reserves the specified grids and collects toll taxes accurately based on a spatio-temporal grid with minimal communication time and no data package loss. Likely, using the proposed method to mediate driving on a one-kilometer route takes an average of 36.5 seconds, as compared to ETC and the combination of ETC and freeway road lane methods, which take 46.6 and 53.8 seconds, respectively, for 1000 vehicles. Consequently, our proposed method’s travel time improvements will reduce congestion by more effectively exploiting road capacity as well as enhance the number of platoons while providing non-stoppable travel for autonomous vehicles.
基金Prof. Dr. Mohammad Shams-Ud-Din (Vice Chancellor, PSTU), for his valuable suggestions, cooperation, and provision of funding to conduct this research
文摘Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhali District in Bangladesh were assessed. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in soils were 1-87, 5-271, 4-181, 0-80, 0.2-24.0, and 5-276 mg kg-1, respectively, measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The enrichment factor, pollution load index (PLI), and contamination factor (CJ) of metal i were used to assess the ecological risk posed by metals in soils. The PLI ranged from 0.78 to 2.66, indicating baseline levels to progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, C;of Cd ranged from 1.8 to 12.0, which showed that the studied soils were strongly impacted by Cd. Considering the severity of the potential ecological risk of a single metal, the descending order was Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. Soils under all land uses showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is common during the peri-transplantation period.The incidence of immunological reactions to blood transfusion after kidney transplantation and their consequences on graft outcomes have not been extensively studied.AIM To examine the risk of graft rejection and loss in patients who received blood transfusion in the immediate peri-transplantation period.METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 105 kidney recipients,among them 54 patients received leukodepleted blood transfusion at our center between January 2017 and March 2020.RESULTS This study included 105 kidney recipients,of which 80%kidneys were from living-related donors,14%from living-unrelated donors,and 6%from deceased donors.Living-related donors were mostly first-degree relatives(74.5%),while the rest were second-degree relatives.The patients were divided into transfusion(n=54)and non-transfusion(n=51)groups.The average hemoglobin level at which blood transfusion was commenced was 7.4±0.9 mg/dL.There were no differences between the groups in terms of rejection rates,graft loss,or death.During the study period,there was no significant difference in creatinine level progression between the two groups.Delayed graft function was higher in the transfusion group;however,this finding was not statistically significant.A high number of transfused packed red blood cells was significantly associated with increased creatinine levels at the end of the study.CONCLUSION Leukodepleted blood transfusion was not associated with a higher risk of rejection,graft loss,or death in kidney transplant recipients.
基金Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Group Research Project(No.RGP2/19/44)。
文摘In a wide variety of mechanical and industrial applications,e.g.,space cooling,nuclear reactor cooling,medicinal utilizations(magnetic drug targeting),energy generation,and heat conduction in tissues,the heat transfer phenomenon is involved.Fourier’s law of heat conduction has been used as the foundation for predicting the heat transfer behavior in a variety of real-world contexts.This model’s production of a parabolic energy expression,which means that an initial disturbance would immediately affect the system under investigation,is one of its main drawbacks.Therefore,numerous researchers worked on such problem to resolve this issue.At last,this problem was resolved by Cattaneo by adding relaxation time for heat flux in Fourier’s law,which was defined as the time required to establish steady heat conduction once a temperature gradient is imposed.Christov offered a material invariant version of Cattaneo’s model by taking into account the upper-connected derivative of the Oldroyd model.Nowadays,both models are combinedly known as the Cattaneo-Christov(CC)model.In this attempt,the mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan Sutterby nanofluid flow is addressed towards a wedge surface in the presence of the variable external magnetic field.The CC model is incorporated instead of Fourier’s law for the examination of heat transfer features in the energy expression.A two-phase nanofluid model is utilized for the implementation of nano-concept.The nonlinear system of equations is tackled through the bvp4c technique in the MATLAB software 2016.The influence of pertinent flow parameters is discussed and displayed through different sketches.Major and important results are summarized in the conclusion section.Furthermore,in both cases of wall-through flow(i.e.,suction and injection effects),the porosity parameters increase the flow speed,and decrease the heat transport and the influence of drag forces.
文摘Fuel taxes are still a primary funding source for the development and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. Such a tax is collected as a flat fee from the importer or producer of the taxable fuel product. Fuel-efficiency improvements and the adoption of zero-emission vehicles result in a continuous decrease in gasoline tax revenues. This paper proposes a novel distance-based alternative method to replace current gasoline tax collection systems in Japan by providing a software architecture platform. In this platform, we utilize driving information gathered via communication mechanisms installed in connected automated vehicles to develop a system that collects gasoline tax based on reserving spatio-temporal grids. Spatio-temporal sections are created by dividing space and time into equal grids and a designated tax charge is assigned. Connected automated vehicles reserve a planned travel route in advance and travel based on reservation information. The performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed system adequately reserves the requested grids and accurately collects gasoline taxes based on a spatio-temporal grid with minimum communication time and no data package loss. The proposed method is based on micro travel distance charges, which generates gasoline tax revenue by 5.7 percent for model year 2022 and 21.8 percent for model year 2030 as compared to the current flat-fee system.
基金Supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
文摘AIM： To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Flelicobacter pylori （H pylori） 16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP） from 60 Indian subjects. METHODS： Sixty bile samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with various hepato-biliary diseases and control subjects at ERCP. PCR analysis was carried out using primers for Helicobacter genus 16S rRNA gene and H pylori （16S rRNA, urea and cagA） genes. Gastric H pylori status was also assessed from biopsies obtained at endoscopy from patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and controls. The control group mainly consisted of subjects with gastric disorders. Sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA and cagA primers were derived from H pylori. RESULTS No Helicobacters were grown in culture from the bile samples. Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile of 96.7% and 6.6% of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively. Ten from group Ⅰ were positive for 16S rRNA and ureA and 9 were positive for cagA gene. In contrast of the 2 from the control, 1 amplified with 16S rRNA, ureA and cagA primers used. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and cagA were 99% similar to Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSION： Helicobacters are associated with the pathogenesis of various hepato-biliary disorders.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Breast lymphomas are typical extranodal types of lymphoma, also known as Extranodal-lymphoma (ENL), which occur extremely infrequently, aggregating into a very small proportion of malignant breast tumors. The rarity of breast lymphomas is attributed to the scant lymphoid tissue content of the chest wall. <strong>Aims of Study: </strong>This case report is aimed at providing an up-to-date review of the literature on breast lymphomas for clinicians to, therefore, consider the possibility of this disease entity while treating a breast mass. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> A case was reported of a 52-year man with chief mammary non-Hodgkin breast ENL when fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not leading to a firm conclusion or result. Following an incisional biopsy, he was found to have a primary breast lymphoma. Later, the patient was diagnosed with the diffuse large B-cell type of lymphoma also known as non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). He had a complete reduction and disappearances of all the signs and symptoms of the disease after a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisolone (CHOP). <strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Based on the above case presentation, it is vital for health care professionals and oncologists to recognize the disease by assessing the breast mass accurately with more entities so that proper diagnosis via core biopsy (incisional biopsy) can eliminate the PBL before further treatment is required.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0200500) for the financial support
文摘Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress breeding.The variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop production.Herein,105 wheat genotypes were screened against drought stress using factorial completely randomized design at seedling stage to determine the genetic diversity and traits association conferring drought tolerance.Analysis of variances revealed that all the studied parameters differed significantly among all genotypes,indicating the significance genetic variability existed among all genotypes for studied indices.The 10 best performance genotypes G1,G6,G11,G16,G21,G26,G39,G44,G51,and G61 were screened as drought tolerant,while five lowest performance genotypes G3,G77,G91,G98,and G105 were screened as drought susceptible.Root length,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents were significantly correlated among themselves which exhibited the importance of these indices for rainfed areas in future wheat breeding scheme.Shoot length exhibited non-significant and negative association with other studied traits,and its selection seems not to be a promising criteria for this germplasm for drought stress.Best performance genotypes under drought stress conditions will be useful in future wheat breeding program and early selection will be effective for developing high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties.
文摘The paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency in a developing economy. Using the data envelopment analysis method, we compute the efficiency of the Chinese banking sector during 2000- 2002 The empirical findings suggest that the inefficiency of the Chinese banking sector stems largely from scale rather than pure technical inefficiencies. Examining different components of economic globalization, we find that greater economic integration through higher trade flows, cultural proximity and political globalization have significant andpositive influence on bank efficiency levels. The empirical findings suggest that liberalization （restrictions） of the capital account exerts a negative （positive） influence on bank efficiency levels in China.
文摘Wet cupping therapy （WCT） is a traditional complementary therapy, which has been in use for many centuries. WCT is used as an alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of low back pain, migraine headaches, hypertension, brachialgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, oxygen saturation in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome,tll WCT is also used in dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis acne and urticaria.E2} Side effects of WCT, such as hypotension and bradycardia, rarely occur during application. However, dermatitis, localized infection, scarring and abscess have been reported following WCT.TM In some cases, bubbles of fluid may form at the treatment sites of WCT; these deposits may be located in the epidermis only or in both the epidermidis and the dermis. Fluid deposits of 〈 5 mm in diameter are defined as vesicles and when diameter of fluid deposits 〉 5 mm, they are called bullae.E41 Here we present a case of vesiculobullous lesions after WCT and discuss the physiopathology.
基金the research grant of Jeju National University in 2020,the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(NRF-2018R1A4A1025998)Higher Education Commission of Pakistan(Project No.210-3800/NRPU/R&D/HEC/1530).
文摘In recent years,the emergence of nanotechnology experienced incredible development in the field of medical sciences.During the past decade,investigating the characteristics of nanoparticles during fluid flow has been one of the intriguing issues.Nanoparticle distribution and uniformity have emerged as substantial criteria in both medical and engineering applications.Adverse effects of chemotherapy on healthy tissues are known to be a significant concern during cancer therapy.A novel treatment method of magnetic drug targeting(MDT)has emerged as a promising topical cancer treatment along with some attractive advantages of improving efficacy,fewer side effects,and reduce drug dose.During magnetic drug targeting,the appropriate movement of nanoparticles(magnetic)as carriers is essential for the therapeutic process in the blood clot removal,infection treatment,and tumor cell treatment.In this study,we have numerically investigated the behavior of an unsteady blood flowinfused with magnetic nanoparticles during MDT under the influence of a uniform external magnetic field in a microtube.An optimal homotopy asymptotic method(OHAM)is employed to compute the governing equation for unsteady electromagnetohydrodynamics flow.The influence of Hartmann number(Ha),particle mass parameter(G),particle concentration parameter(R),and electro-osmotic parameter(k)is investigated on the velocity of magnetic nanoparticles and blood flow.Results obtained show that the electro-osmotic parameter,along with Hartmann’s number,dramatically affects the velocity of magnetic nanoparticles,blood flow velocity,and flow rate.Moreover,results also reveal that at a higher Hartman number,homogeneity in nanoparticles distribution improved considerably.The particle concentration andmass parameters effectively influence the capturing effect on nanoparticles in the blood flow using a micro-tube for magnetic drug targeting.Lastly,investigation also indicates that the OHAM analysis is efficient and quick to handle the system of nonlinear equations.
