Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases...Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.展开更多
Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in land use/land cover changes (LUCC) study nowadays. According to the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (...Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in land use/land cover changes (LUCC) study nowadays. According to the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) for geospatial and temporal analysis and integration models of spatial pattern and temporal processes in GIS, the paper puts forward Tupu methodology of land-use change and names the basic synthetic unit of spatial-temporal information Tupu unit. Tupu unit is the synthetic unit for geospatial-temporal analysis, which is synthesized by “space·attribute·process”features and composed of relatively homogeneous geographic unit and temporal unit. Based on the spatial features of 4 stages of land-use change in 1956, 1984, 1991, and 1996, a series of Tupu on land-use change in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) are created and studied in the paper, which includes 3 temporal units of spatial-temporal Tupu, process Tupu of land-use changes during the last 40 years, and reconstructions of a series of “arisen”Tupu, “arisen”process Tupu and pattern Tupu on land-use changes in the last 40 years by remapping tables of a reclassifying system. There are 3 methods of Tupu analysis on land-use change that are used to disclose change processes of land-use spatial conversion in YRD, such as spatial query and statistics, order of Tupu units by area and land-use conversion matrixes. In order to reveal the spatial pattern of land-use change processes, we analyze spatial-temporal changes of each Tupu above in various temporal units and spatial difference of pattern Tupu in the last 40 years by dynamic Tupu units. Tupu analysis on regional land-use is a promising trial on the comprehensive research of “spatial pattern of dynamic process”and “temporal process of spatial pattern”in LUCC research. The geo-information Tupu methodology would be a powerful and efficient tool on integrated studies of spatial pattern and temporal process in geoscience.展开更多
Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected pa...Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC to achieve adequate tumor downstaging to undergo surgical resection,a‘conversion therapy’strategy.However,conversion therapy is a new approach to the treatment of HCC and its practice and treatment protocols are still being developed.Review the evidence for conversion therapy in HCC and develop consensus statements to guide clinical practice.Evidence review:Many research centers in China have accumulated significant experience implementing HCC conversion therapy.Preliminary findings and data have shown that conversion therapy represents an important strategy to maximize the survival of selected patients with intermediate stage to advanced HCC;however,there are still many urgent clinical and scientific challenges for this therapeutic strategy and its related fields.In order to summarize and learn from past experience and review current challenges,the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma(2021 Edition)was developed based on a review of preliminary experience and clinical data from Chinese and non-Chinese studies in this field and combined with recommendations for clinical practice.Sixteen consensus statements on the implementation of conversion therapy for HCC were developed.The statements generated in this review are based on a review of clinical evidence and real clinical experience and will help guide future progress in conversion therapy for patients with HCC.展开更多
Hourly PM2.5 concentrations were observed simultaneously at a cities-cluster comprising 10 cities/towns in Hebei province in China from July 1 to 31, 2008. Among the 10 cities/towns, Baoding showed the high- est avera...Hourly PM2.5 concentrations were observed simultaneously at a cities-cluster comprising 10 cities/towns in Hebei province in China from July 1 to 31, 2008. Among the 10 cities/towns, Baoding showed the high- est average concentration level （161.57μg/m3） and Yanjiao exhibited the lowest （99.35 μg/m3 ）. These observed data were also studied using the joint potential source contribution function with 24-h and 72-h backward trajectories, to identify more clearly the local and countrywide-scale long-range transport sources. For the local sources, three important influential areas were found, whereas five important influential areas were defined for long-range transport sources. Spatial characteristics of PM2.5 were determined by multivariate statistical analyses. Soil dust, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions might be the potential contributors in these areas. The results of a hierarchical cluster analysis for back trajectory endpoints and PM2.s concentrations datasets show that the spatial characteristics of PM2.5 in the cities-cluster were influenced not only by local sources, but also by long-range transport sources. Different cities in the cities-cluster obtained different weighted contributions from local or long-range transport sources. Cangzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Baoding are near the source areas in the south of Hebei province, whereas Zhuozhou, Yangfang, Yanjiao, Xianghe, and Langfang are close to the sources areas near Beijing and Tianjin.展开更多
The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped w...The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped with a 2.5-meter diameter primary mirror, an active optics system, and a mosaic CCD camera with 0.73 gigapixels on the primary focal plane for highquality image capture over a 6.5-square-degree field of view. The installation of WFST near the summit of Saishiteng mountain in the Lenghu region is scheduled in summer of 2023, and the operation is planned to start three months later. WFST will scan the northern sky in four optical bands(u, g, r and i) at cadences from hourly/daily in the deep high-cadence survey(DHS) program, to semi-weekly in the wide field survey(WFS) program. During a photometric night, a nominal 30 s exposure in the WFS program will reach a depth of 22.27, 23.32, 22.84, and 22.31(AB magnitudes) in these four bands, respectively, allowing for the detection of a tremendous amount of transients in the low-z universe and a systematic investigation of the variability of Galactic and extragalactic objects. In the DHS program, intranight 90 s exposures as deep as 23(u) and 24 mag(g), in combination with target of opportunity follow-ups, will provide a unique opportunity to explore energetic transients in demand for high sensitivities, including the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, supernovae within a few hours of their explosions,tidal disruption events and fast, luminous optical transients even beyond redshift of unity. In addition, the final 6-year co-added images, anticipated to reach g■25.8 mag in WFS or 1.5 mags deeper in DHS, will be of fundamental importance to general Galactic and extragalactic science. The highly uniform legacy surveys of WFST will serve as an indispensable complement to those of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time(LSST) that monitors the southern sky.展开更多
Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process ...Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855― 2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes: (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".展开更多
目的:伴有肠母细胞分化的胃癌(gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation,GCED)是一种新的胃癌类型。该肿瘤表达胚胎干细胞标志物为SALL4以及癌胚蛋白(AFP和GPC3)等。本研究旨在探讨GCED的临床病理学特征及其分子表型。方法:...目的:伴有肠母细胞分化的胃癌(gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation,GCED)是一种新的胃癌类型。该肿瘤表达胚胎干细胞标志物为SALL4以及癌胚蛋白(AFP和GPC3)等。本研究旨在探讨GCED的临床病理学特征及其分子表型。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2017年3月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院就诊的胃部肠型腺癌337例,其中8例可诊断为GCED,患者均为老年人,其中男性6例,女性2例,年龄68～83岁,平均年龄为76.6岁。2例治疗前血清AFP≥200μg/L。收集相关临床资料,根据其组织病理学形态,采用免疫组织化学法分析免疫学表型,应用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测SALL4基因。结果:显微镜下观察,所有病例均具有原始的肠样结构,由立方或柱状细胞组成,胞质透明、清晰,免疫组织化学法检测显示AFP和GPC3阳性,或SALL4阳性。RT-PCR检测结果显示SALL4基因mRNA的表达水平显著增高。随访1～5年,其中5例出现肝及其他脏器转移,2例死亡,1例无瘤生存。结论:GCED是一种罕见的侵袭性肠型腺癌,预后比普通肠型腺癌差,按照普通肠型腺癌的治疗方法效果甚微。其组织学上具有特征性的改变,熟悉其瘤谱及基因学特征有助于鉴别和诊断,有助于对原始标记物,制定如SALL4的靶向治疗方案。展开更多
Particulate nitrate,a key component of fine particles,forms through the intricate gas-to-particle conversion process.This process is regulated by the gas-to-particle conversion coefficient of nitrate(ε(NO_(3)^(-))).T...Particulate nitrate,a key component of fine particles,forms through the intricate gas-to-particle conversion process.This process is regulated by the gas-to-particle conversion coefficient of nitrate(ε(NO_(3)^(-))).The mechanism betweenε(NO_(3)^(-))and its drivers is highly complex and nonlinear,and can be characterized by machine learning methods.However,conventional machine learning often yields results that lack clear physical meaning and may even contradict established physical/chemical mechanisms due to the influence of ambient factors.It urgently needs an alternative approach that possesses transparent physical interpretations and provides deeper insights into the impact ofε(NO_(3)^(-)).Here we introduce a supervised machine learning approachdthe multilevel nested random forest guided by theory approaches.Our approach robustly identifies NH4 t,SO_(4)^(2-),and temperature as pivotal drivers forε(NO_(3)^(-)).Notably,substantial disparities exist between the outcomes of traditional random forest analysis and the anticipated actual results.Furthermore,our approach underscores the significance of NH4 t during both daytime(30%)and nighttime(40%)periods,while appropriately downplaying the influence of some less relevant drivers in comparison to conventional random forest analysis.This research underscores the transformative potential of integrating domain knowledge with machine learning in atmospheric studies.展开更多
The effects of minor Zn(0.2 at%,0.4 at%,0.6 at%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-1.4 Gd-1.2 Y-0.15 Zr(at%) alloys were systematically explored.Results reveal that increasing Zn content leads to ...The effects of minor Zn(0.2 at%,0.4 at%,0.6 at%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-1.4 Gd-1.2 Y-0.15 Zr(at%) alloys were systematically explored.Results reveal that increasing Zn content leads to the increase of the intergranular phases and the change of their composition from Mg24(Gd,Y)5 phase and(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) phase to 18 R-LPSO phase and(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) phase.Mg24(Gd,Y)5 phase is body-centered cubic structure and shares the same lattice constant with Mg24Y5 while(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y)phase is face-centered cubic structure with lattice constant of 0.72 nm,slightly lower than Mg3Gd.18RLPSO structure is identified to be monoclinic with c-axis not strictly vertical to the bottom surface but93.5°.The growth patterns of intergranular phases change from the divorced growth to coupled growth as compositions change.Moreover,the mechanical performance improves with Zn rising,ascribed to the decrease of brittle phases at grain boundaries and the increase of LPSO structure phases.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40371093)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project(G20000779,2002CB412408)+2 种基金Opening Fund projects of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science in the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications(SK040006)Opening Fund projects of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research of East China Normal University,China Postdoctoral Science Foundationthe Project from'863'Marine Monitor of Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2001AA633010).
文摘Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in land use/land cover changes (LUCC) study nowadays. According to the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) for geospatial and temporal analysis and integration models of spatial pattern and temporal processes in GIS, the paper puts forward Tupu methodology of land-use change and names the basic synthetic unit of spatial-temporal information Tupu unit. Tupu unit is the synthetic unit for geospatial-temporal analysis, which is synthesized by “space·attribute·process”features and composed of relatively homogeneous geographic unit and temporal unit. Based on the spatial features of 4 stages of land-use change in 1956, 1984, 1991, and 1996, a series of Tupu on land-use change in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) are created and studied in the paper, which includes 3 temporal units of spatial-temporal Tupu, process Tupu of land-use changes during the last 40 years, and reconstructions of a series of “arisen”Tupu, “arisen”process Tupu and pattern Tupu on land-use changes in the last 40 years by remapping tables of a reclassifying system. There are 3 methods of Tupu analysis on land-use change that are used to disclose change processes of land-use spatial conversion in YRD, such as spatial query and statistics, order of Tupu units by area and land-use conversion matrixes. In order to reveal the spatial pattern of land-use change processes, we analyze spatial-temporal changes of each Tupu above in various temporal units and spatial difference of pattern Tupu in the last 40 years by dynamic Tupu units. Tupu analysis on regional land-use is a promising trial on the comprehensive research of “spatial pattern of dynamic process”and “temporal process of spatial pattern”in LUCC research. The geo-information Tupu methodology would be a powerful and efficient tool on integrated studies of spatial pattern and temporal process in geoscience.
文摘Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC to achieve adequate tumor downstaging to undergo surgical resection,a‘conversion therapy’strategy.However,conversion therapy is a new approach to the treatment of HCC and its practice and treatment protocols are still being developed.Review the evidence for conversion therapy in HCC and develop consensus statements to guide clinical practice.Evidence review:Many research centers in China have accumulated significant experience implementing HCC conversion therapy.Preliminary findings and data have shown that conversion therapy represents an important strategy to maximize the survival of selected patients with intermediate stage to advanced HCC;however,there are still many urgent clinical and scientific challenges for this therapeutic strategy and its related fields.In order to summarize and learn from past experience and review current challenges,the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma(2021 Edition)was developed based on a review of preliminary experience and clinical data from Chinese and non-Chinese studies in this field and combined with recommendations for clinical practice.Sixteen consensus statements on the implementation of conversion therapy for HCC were developed.The statements generated in this review are based on a review of clinical evidence and real clinical experience and will help guide future progress in conversion therapy for patients with HCC.
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program (B)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB05030103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71103098 and 21207070)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Combined Laboratory of the Tianjin Meteorological Bureau
文摘Hourly PM2.5 concentrations were observed simultaneously at a cities-cluster comprising 10 cities/towns in Hebei province in China from July 1 to 31, 2008. Among the 10 cities/towns, Baoding showed the high- est average concentration level （161.57μg/m3） and Yanjiao exhibited the lowest （99.35 μg/m3 ）. These observed data were also studied using the joint potential source contribution function with 24-h and 72-h backward trajectories, to identify more clearly the local and countrywide-scale long-range transport sources. For the local sources, three important influential areas were found, whereas five important influential areas were defined for long-range transport sources. Spatial characteristics of PM2.5 were determined by multivariate statistical analyses. Soil dust, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions might be the potential contributors in these areas. The results of a hierarchical cluster analysis for back trajectory endpoints and PM2.s concentrations datasets show that the spatial characteristics of PM2.5 in the cities-cluster were influenced not only by local sources, but also by long-range transport sources. Different cities in the cities-cluster obtained different weighted contributions from local or long-range transport sources. Cangzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Baoding are near the source areas in the south of Hebei province, whereas Zhuozhou, Yangfang, Yanjiao, Xianghe, and Langfang are close to the sources areas near Beijing and Tianjin.
基金supported by the Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundationsthe Major Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2019ZJ-A10)+4 种基金the 111 Project for“Observational and Theoretical Research on Dark Matter and Dark Energy”(Grant No.B23042)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11833007,12073078,12173088,12192221,12192224,12233008,12273036,and 12273113)the Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory(Grant No.2022-QYKYJH-HXYF-012)the support from the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2030002009)Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YSBR-061),respectively。
文摘The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped with a 2.5-meter diameter primary mirror, an active optics system, and a mosaic CCD camera with 0.73 gigapixels on the primary focal plane for highquality image capture over a 6.5-square-degree field of view. The installation of WFST near the summit of Saishiteng mountain in the Lenghu region is scheduled in summer of 2023, and the operation is planned to start three months later. WFST will scan the northern sky in four optical bands(u, g, r and i) at cadences from hourly/daily in the deep high-cadence survey(DHS) program, to semi-weekly in the wide field survey(WFS) program. During a photometric night, a nominal 30 s exposure in the WFS program will reach a depth of 22.27, 23.32, 22.84, and 22.31(AB magnitudes) in these four bands, respectively, allowing for the detection of a tremendous amount of transients in the low-z universe and a systematic investigation of the variability of Galactic and extragalactic objects. In the DHS program, intranight 90 s exposures as deep as 23(u) and 24 mag(g), in combination with target of opportunity follow-ups, will provide a unique opportunity to explore energetic transients in demand for high sensitivities, including the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, supernovae within a few hours of their explosions,tidal disruption events and fast, luminous optical transients even beyond redshift of unity. In addition, the final 6-year co-added images, anticipated to reach g■25.8 mag in WFS or 1.5 mags deeper in DHS, will be of fundamental importance to general Galactic and extragalactic science. The highly uniform legacy surveys of WFST will serve as an indispensable complement to those of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time(LSST) that monitors the southern sky.
基金Special Funds for the Major State Basic Research Project (Grant Nos. 2002CB412408 and G2000077903)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40371093 and 40471097)+1 种基金 Opening Fund Projects of the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research of East China Normal University (Grant No. 0310)Opening Fund Projects of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science in the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (Grant No. SK040006)
文摘Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855― 2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes: (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".
文摘目的:伴有肠母细胞分化的胃癌(gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation,GCED)是一种新的胃癌类型。该肿瘤表达胚胎干细胞标志物为SALL4以及癌胚蛋白(AFP和GPC3)等。本研究旨在探讨GCED的临床病理学特征及其分子表型。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2017年3月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院就诊的胃部肠型腺癌337例,其中8例可诊断为GCED,患者均为老年人,其中男性6例,女性2例,年龄68～83岁,平均年龄为76.6岁。2例治疗前血清AFP≥200μg/L。收集相关临床资料,根据其组织病理学形态,采用免疫组织化学法分析免疫学表型,应用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测SALL4基因。结果:显微镜下观察,所有病例均具有原始的肠样结构,由立方或柱状细胞组成,胞质透明、清晰,免疫组织化学法检测显示AFP和GPC3阳性,或SALL4阳性。RT-PCR检测结果显示SALL4基因mRNA的表达水平显著增高。随访1～5年,其中5例出现肝及其他脏器转移,2例死亡,1例无瘤生存。结论:GCED是一种罕见的侵袭性肠型腺癌,预后比普通肠型腺癌差,按照普通肠型腺癌的治疗方法效果甚微。其组织学上具有特征性的改变,熟悉其瘤谱及基因学特征有助于鉴别和诊断,有助于对原始标记物,制定如SALL4的靶向治疗方案。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077191)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3703400)+1 种基金the Blue Sky Foundation,Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(18PTZWHZ00120)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63213072 and 63213074).
文摘Particulate nitrate,a key component of fine particles,forms through the intricate gas-to-particle conversion process.This process is regulated by the gas-to-particle conversion coefficient of nitrate(ε(NO_(3)^(-))).The mechanism betweenε(NO_(3)^(-))and its drivers is highly complex and nonlinear,and can be characterized by machine learning methods.However,conventional machine learning often yields results that lack clear physical meaning and may even contradict established physical/chemical mechanisms due to the influence of ambient factors.It urgently needs an alternative approach that possesses transparent physical interpretations and provides deeper insights into the impact ofε(NO_(3)^(-)).Here we introduce a supervised machine learning approachdthe multilevel nested random forest guided by theory approaches.Our approach robustly identifies NH4 t,SO_(4)^(2-),and temperature as pivotal drivers forε(NO_(3)^(-)).Notably,substantial disparities exist between the outcomes of traditional random forest analysis and the anticipated actual results.Furthermore,our approach underscores the significance of NH4 t during both daytime(30%)and nighttime(40%)periods,while appropriately downplaying the influence of some less relevant drivers in comparison to conventional random forest analysis.This research underscores the transformative potential of integrating domain knowledge with machine learning in atmospheric studies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB632202)the Natural Science Foundation of China(51501015,51871195,51874062).
文摘The effects of minor Zn(0.2 at%,0.4 at%,0.6 at%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-1.4 Gd-1.2 Y-0.15 Zr(at%) alloys were systematically explored.Results reveal that increasing Zn content leads to the increase of the intergranular phases and the change of their composition from Mg24(Gd,Y)5 phase and(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) phase to 18 R-LPSO phase and(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) phase.Mg24(Gd,Y)5 phase is body-centered cubic structure and shares the same lattice constant with Mg24Y5 while(Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y)phase is face-centered cubic structure with lattice constant of 0.72 nm,slightly lower than Mg3Gd.18RLPSO structure is identified to be monoclinic with c-axis not strictly vertical to the bottom surface but93.5°.The growth patterns of intergranular phases change from the divorced growth to coupled growth as compositions change.Moreover,the mechanical performance improves with Zn rising,ascribed to the decrease of brittle phases at grain boundaries and the increase of LPSO structure phases.
