Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth,development,and stress responses.It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants,such as stomatal closure,cuticular wax acc...Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth,development,and stress responses.It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants,such as stomatal closure,cuticular wax accumulation,leaf senescence,bud dormancy,seed germination,osmotic regulation,and growth inhibition among many others.Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.During the past 20 years,ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized.Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been ...Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been discovered,but the pathogenetic theories are controversial.The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct.The majority ofinvestigators accept that the main factors for acute billiary pancreatitis are pancreatic hyperstimulation and bile-pancreatic duct obstruction which increase pancreatic duct pressure and active trypsin reflux.Acute pancreatitis occurs when intracellular protective mechanisms to prevent trypsinogen activation or reduce trypsin activity are overwhelmed.However,little is known about the other acute pancreatitis.We hypothesize that acute biliary pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis possess a common pathogenesis.Pancreatic hyperstimulation and pancreatic duct obstruction increase pancreatic duct pressure,active trypsin reflux,and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells.Enzyme activation within the pancreas leads to auto-digestion of the gland and local inflammation.Once the hypothesis is confirmed,traditional therapeutic strategies against acute pancreatitis may be improved.Decompression of pancreatic duct pressure should be advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitits which may greatly improve its outcome.展开更多
High-entropy pyrochlore-type structures based on rare-earth zirconates are successfully produced by conventional solid-state reaction method. Six rare-earth oxides(La2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, and Y2O3) and ZrO2...High-entropy pyrochlore-type structures based on rare-earth zirconates are successfully produced by conventional solid-state reaction method. Six rare-earth oxides(La2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, and Y2O3) and ZrO2 are used as the raw powders. Five out of the six rare-earth oxides with equimolar ratio and ZrO2 are mixed and sintered at different temperatures for investigating the reaction process. The results demonstrate that the high-entropy pyrochlores(5RE1/5)2 Zr2O7 have been formed after heated at 1000 ℃. The(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 are highly sintering resistant and possess excellent thermal stability. The thermal conductivities of the(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramics are below 1 W·m–1·K–1 in the temperature range of 300–1200 ℃. The(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 can be potential thermal barrier coating materials.展开更多
Background Gastric varices （GV） are life-threatening for patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopic injection with butyl cyanoacrylate （BC）, the mainstay of the therapy for GV, has been reported to be effective...Background Gastric varices （GV） are life-threatening for patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopic injection with butyl cyanoacrylate （BC）, the mainstay of the therapy for GV, has been reported to be effective for hemostasis of bleeding varices, but its efficacy in the obliteration of GV and impact on the survival of patients still needs clarification. Here we summarized our experience of 10 years＇ practice to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy using BC for GV patients. Methods From January 1997 to April 2006, GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected. The ＂sandwich method＂ and the ＂modified sandwich method＂ were used to inject BC intravascularly. Retrograde analysis was made on the data of treatment and follow-up. Results A total of 635 GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected, most of them （90.2%） suffered from post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Emergency hemostasis was achieved in 139 out of 146 sessions （95.2%）. Complications occurred in 32 cases （5.2%）, including hemorrhage due to early expulsion of tissue glue （3.1%）, septicemia （1%） and ectopic thrombosis （0.5%）, such as spleen infarction. Endoscopic follow-up in 503 patients showed complete disappearance （76.9%）, collapse （17.3%） or remnants （5.8%） of gastric varices. A total of 550 patients were followed up clinically for 3 to 115 months. Of these patients, 44 had recurrent bleeding （8.0%） and 44 died from hepatic failure, recurrent bleeding, hepatic carcinoma or other causes. The longest survival was 115 months, with a median survival of 25 months. Survival rates at 1,2, 3, 4 and 5 year were 95%, 92%, 90%, 83% and 81%, respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic sclerotherapy with BC is effective for the hemostasis of bleeding GV, as well as obliteration of GV which contributes to less rebleeding and better survival. The modified sandwich method may be useful to minimize ectopic embolism, which we speculated to result from excess iodized 展开更多
A high-entropy silicide(HES),(Ti_(0.2) Zr_(0.2) Nb_(0.2) Mo_(0.2) W_(0.2))Si_2 with close-packed hexagonal structure is successfully manufactured through reactive spark plasma sintering at 1300 ℃ for 15 min.The eleme...A high-entropy silicide(HES),(Ti_(0.2) Zr_(0.2) Nb_(0.2) Mo_(0.2) W_(0.2))Si_2 with close-packed hexagonal structure is successfully manufactured through reactive spark plasma sintering at 1300 ℃ for 15 min.The elements in this HES are uniformly distributed in the specimen based on the energy dispersive spectrometer analysis except a small amount of zirconium that is combined with oxygen as impurity particles. The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio,and Vickers hardness of the obtained(Ti_(0.2) Zr_(0.2) Nb_(0.2) Mo_(0.2) W_(0.2))Si_2 are also measured.展开更多
The basic premise of high yield in rice is to improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency and coordinate the sourcesink relationship in rice plants. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） related to morphological traits and chlo...The basic premise of high yield in rice is to improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency and coordinate the sourcesink relationship in rice plants. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） related to morphological traits and chlorophyll content of rice leaves were detected at the stages of heading to maturity, and a major QTL （qLSCHL4） related to flag leaf shape and chlorophyll content was detected at both stages in recombinant inbred lines constructed using the indica rice cultivar 93-11 and the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. Map-based cloning and expression analysis showed that LSCHL4 is allelic to NAL1, a gene previously reported in narrow leaf mutant of rice. Overexpression lines transformed with vector carrying LSCHL4 from Nipponbare and a near-isogenic line of 93-11 （NIL-9311） had significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, enlarged flag leaf size, and improved panicle type. The average yield of NIL-9311 was 18.70% higher than that of 93-11. These results indicate that LSCHL4 had a pleiotropic function. Exploring and pyramiding more high-yield alleles resem- bling LSCHL4 for super rice breeding provides an effective way to achieve new breakthroughs in raising rice yield and generate new ideas for solving the problem of global food safety.展开更多
Nitrogen (N) leaching in vegetable fields from December 2002 to May 2003 with equal dressings of total N for asequential rotation of Chinese flat cabbage (Brassica chinensis L. var. rosularis) and lettuce (Lactuca sat...Nitrogen (N) leaching in vegetable fields from December 2002 to May 2003 with equal dressings of total N for asequential rotation of Chinese flat cabbage (Brassica chinensis L. var. rosularis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in asuburban major vegetable production base of Shanghai were examined using the lysimeter method to provide a scientificbasis for rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizers so as to prevent nitrogen pollution of water resources. Results showedthat leached N consisted mainly of nitrate N, which accounted for up to more than 90% of the total N loss and couldcontribute to groundwater pollution. Data also showed that by partly substituting chemical N (30%) in a basal dressingwith equivalent N of refined organic fertilizer in the Chinese flat cabbage field, 64.5% of the leached nitrate N was reduced,while in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) field, substituting 1/2 of the chemical N in a basal dressing and 1/3 of the chemicalN in a top dressing with equivalent N of refined organic fertilizers reduced 46.6% of the leached nitrate N. In the two-year sequential rotation system of Chinese flat cabbage and lettuce, nitrate-N leaching in the treatment with the highestamount of chemical fertilizer was up to 46.55 kg ha-1, while treatment plots with the highest amount of organic fertilizerhad only 17.58 kg ha-1. Thus, partly substituting refined organic fertilizer for chemical nitrogen in the first two seasonshas a great advantage of reducing nitrate-N leaching.展开更多
Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are generally referred to the carbides,nitrides,and borides of the transition metals,with the Group IVB compounds(Zr&Hf)and TaC as the main focus.The UHTCs are endowed with ul...Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are generally referred to the carbides,nitrides,and borides of the transition metals,with the Group IVB compounds(Zr&Hf)and TaC as the main focus.The UHTCs are endowed with ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties,and ablation resistance at elevated temperatures.These unique combinations of properties make them promising materials for extremely environmental structural applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges,and engine components,etc.In addition to bulk UHTCs,UHTC coatings and fiber reinforced UHTC composites are extensively developed and applied to avoid the intrinsic brittleness and poor thermal shock resistance of bulk ceramics.Recently,high-entropy UHTCs are developed rapidly and attract a lot of attention as an emerging direction for ultra-high temperature materials.This review presents the state of the art of processing approaches,microstructure design and properties of UHTCs from bulk materials to composites and coatings,as well as the future directions.展开更多
High-entropy ceramics attract more and more attention in recent years.However,mechanical properties especially strength and fracture toughness for high-entropy ceramics and their composites have not been comprehensive...High-entropy ceramics attract more and more attention in recent years.However,mechanical properties especially strength and fracture toughness for high-entropy ceramics and their composites have not been comprehensively reported.In this work,high-entropy(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta 0.2)B2(HEB)monolithic and its composite containing 20 vol%SiC(HEB–20SiC)are prepared by hot pressing.The addition of SiC not only accelerates the densification process but also refines the microstructure of HEB,resulting in improved mechanical properties.The obtained dense HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics hot pressed at 1800℃exhibit four-point flexural strength of 339±17 MPa and 447±45 MPa,and fracture toughness of 3.81±0.40 MPa·m1/2 and 4.85±0.33 MPa·m1/2 measured by single-edge notched beam(SENB)technique.Crack deflection and branching by SiC particles is considered to be the main toughening mechanisms for the HEB–20SiC composite.The hardness Hv0.2 of the sintered HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics is 23.7±0.7 GPa and 24.8±1.2 GPa,respectively.With the increase of indentation load,the hardness of the sintered ceramics decreases rapidly until the load reaches about 49 N,due to the indentation size effect.Based on the current experimental investigation it can be seen that the room temperature bending strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy diboride ceramics are within ranges commonly observed in structure ceramics.展开更多
Cropland (CP),native grassland (NG) and two shrub land treatments which were converted from cropland in 1985:seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (ST),and branchytamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) (BT) were investigated...Cropland (CP),native grassland (NG) and two shrub land treatments which were converted from cropland in 1985:seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (ST),and branchytamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) (BT) were investigated to evaluate effects of land use conversion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau of China.Total organic carbon (TOC),light fraction organic carbon (LFOC),heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC),total N (TN),nitrate nitrogen (NO 3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2-N),ammonium nitrogen (NH + 4-N),total P,and available P (AP) were measured.The results showed that SOC in NG,ST and BT were 12.7%,27.7% and 34.8% higher than that of the cropland,respectively.LFOC,light fraction (LF) dry matter,ratio of TOC to TN (C/N) and the ratio of TOC to AP (C/P) were higher in the shrub land or native grassland than in the cropland.Cropland had the highest TN,the sum of NO 3-N and NO 2-N,TP and AP due to the use of chemical fertilizers.TOC significantly correlated with LFOC,HFOC and C/N.LFOC significantly correlated with dry matter of the LF and C/N.TN,the sum of NO 3-N and NO 2-N and AP were significantly negatively correlated with TOC and LFOC.Therefore,land use conversion from cropland to shrub land,or maybe grassland,contributed to SOC sequestration and improved soil nutrients stabilization.展开更多
To further enhance the corrosion resistance of the porous micro-arc oxidation(MAO) ceramic layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy, superhydrophobic Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(LDH) coating was fabricated on MAO-coated AZ31...To further enhance the corrosion resistance of the porous micro-arc oxidation(MAO) ceramic layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy, superhydrophobic Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(LDH) coating was fabricated on MAO-coated AZ31 alloy by using in-situ growth method followed by surface modification with stearic acid. The characteristics of different coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effect of the hydrothermal treatment time on the formation of the LDH coatings was studied. The results demonstrated that the micro-pores and cracks of MAO coating were gradually sealed via in-situ growing LDH with prolonging hydrothermal treating time. Electrochemical measurement displayed that the lowest corrosion current density, the most positive corrosion potential and the highest impedance modulus were observed for superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating compared with those of MAO coating and LDH/MAO coating. Immersion experiment proved that the superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating with the active anti-corrosion capability significantly enhanced the long-term corrosion protection for MAO coated alloy.展开更多
Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a first?line treatment for very?early?stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for very?early?stage HCC...Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a first?line treatment for very?early?stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for very?early?stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC.Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very?early?stage HCC and treated with percutane?ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili?tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival(OS), recurrence?free survival(RFS), local tumor progression(LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed.Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1?, 3?, or 5?year OS rates(99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively; P = 0.331). Furthermore, no signif?icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates(94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively; P ete ablation rates(98.3% vs. 98.1%, P = 0.309), the LTP rates(9.6% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.883), the compl multivariate analysis, LTP, an= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications(0.7% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.691). Bytiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac?tors for OS(P < 0.001), and the alpha?fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS(P = 0.002).Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first?line treatment option for this disease.展开更多
AIM To analyze the survival trends in colorectal cancer(CRC) based on the different classifications recommended by the seventh and eighth editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system(AJCC-7^(th) a...AIM To analyze the survival trends in colorectal cancer(CRC) based on the different classifications recommended by the seventh and eighth editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system(AJCC-7^(th) and AJCC-8^(th)).METHODS The database from our institution was queried to identify patients with pathologically confirmed stage 0-Ⅳ CRC diagnosed between 2006 and 2012. Data from 2080 cases were collected and 1090 cases were evaluated through standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. CRC was staged by AJCC-7^(th) and then restaged by AJCC-8^(th). Five-year disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) were compared. SPSS 21.0 software was used for all data. DFS and OS were compared and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test.RESULTS Linear regression and automatic linear regression showed lymph node positive functional equations by tumornode-metastasis staging from AJCC-7^(th) and tumornode-metastasis staging from AJCC-8^(th). Neurological invasion, venous infiltration, lymphatic infiltration, and tumor deposition put forward stricter requirements for pathological examination in AJCC-8^(th) compared to AJCC-7^(th). After re-analyzing our cohort with AJCC-8^(th),the percentage of stage ⅣB cases decreased from 2.8% to 0.8%. As a result 2% of the cases were classified under the new ⅣC staging. DFS and OS was significantly shorter(P = 0.012) in stage ⅣC patients compared to stage ⅣB patients.CONCLUSION The addition of stage ⅣC in AJCC-8^(th) has shown that peritoneal metastasis has a worse prognosis than distant organ metastasis in our institution's CRC cohort. Additional datasets should be analyzed to confirm these findings.展开更多
Complementary DNAs encoding two types of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） were isolated from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The type 1 （Bmacel） and type 2 （Bmace2） ORFs are 2052 and 1917 bp in length, respectively. Both ...Complementary DNAs encoding two types of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） were isolated from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The type 1 （Bmacel） and type 2 （Bmace2） ORFs are 2052 and 1917 bp in length, respectively. Both the complete ORFs of the Bmaces and C- terminal truncated forms were recombined into the Bacmid baculovirus vector under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and expressed in Trichoplusia ni （Tn-5B 1-4） cells. The resulting products exhibited ACHE activity and glycosylation of the expressed proteins. An inhibition assay indicated that the ace2-type enzyme was more sensitive than the acel-type enzyme to inhibition by eserine and paraoxon.展开更多
Background Small noncoding microRNAs regulate gene expression in cardiac development and disease and have been implicated in the aging process and in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. However, their rol...Background Small noncoding microRNAs regulate gene expression in cardiac development and disease and have been implicated in the aging process and in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. However, their role in age-related cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation （AF） was not well understood. The present study was designed to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying age-related atrial structural remodeling and AF. Methods Three groups of dogs were studied： adult and aged dogs in sinus rhythm and with persistent AF induced by rapid atrial pacing. The expressions of microRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pathohistological and ultrastructural changes were tested by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis index of myocytes was detected by TUNEL. Results Samples of atrial tissue showed the abnormal pathohistological and ultrastructural changes, the accelerated fibrosis, and apoptosis with aging and/or in AF dogs. Compared to the adult group, the expressions of microRNAs-21 and -29 were significantly increased, whereas the expressions of microRNAs-1 and -133 showed obvious downregulation tendency in the aged group. Compared to the aged group, the expressions of microRNAs-1, -21, and -29 was significantly increased in the old group in AF; contrastingly, the expressions of microRNA-133 showed obvious downregulation tendency. Conclusion These multiple aberrantly expressed microRNAs may be responsible for modulating the transition from adaptation to pathological atrial remodeling with aging and/or in AE展开更多
The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR ...The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L^-1 BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR;the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications, efficacy and clinical significance of percutaneous cryoablation for liver carcinoma after transcatheter liver artery chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Thirty-four patients with h...OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications, efficacy and clinical significance of percutaneous cryoablation for liver carcinoma after transcatheter liver artery chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histologically or clinically confirmed primary or metastatic carcinomas were treated with TACE. One week to 1 month later, they were treated percutaneously under ultrasound guidance using cryosurgical system in the period of July 2001 -June 2002. All patients were followed up to determine serum tumor marker, CT scans, MRI images or ultrasound images. RESULTS: This therapy was performed in 34 patients including 32 patients with Child A liver reserve, 2 patients with Child B and no patient with Child C. There were 28 patients with primary liver cancer and 6 patients with metastatic liver cancer. During the follow-up period (3 to 15 months), 41.1% patients were recognized clinically cured because the serum tumor markers became normal, or CT scans and MRI images revealed that the lesion became completely necrotic. 44.1% patients were recognized effectively treated. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cryoablation combined with TACE is a choice of treatment for liver carcinoma. It is minimally invasive, safe and effective for those patients with liver cancer unsuitable for surgery.展开更多
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. H...Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, p53, nitric oxide （NO）, and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications （PTMs） occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of patients withmedium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who underwent percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA).METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a single medium-sized HCC...AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of patients withmedium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who underwent percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA).METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a single medium-sized HCC who underwent percutaneous MWA from January 2010 to January2013.Technical success,technical effectiveness and complications were subsequently observed.Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to each variable.The relative prognostic significance o f t h e va r i a b l e s fo r p re d i c t i n g ove ra l l s u r v i va l rate,recurrence-free survival rate and local tumor recurrence(s)was assessed using univariate analysis.All variables with a P value<0.20 were subjected to multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The study included 182 patients(mean age,58 years;age range:22-86 years)with a single HCC(mean size,3.72±0.54 cm;range:3.02-5.00cm).The estimated technical effectiveness rate was93%in 182 patients.The major complication rate was2.7%(5/182),including liver abscess in 4 cases,and abdominal bleeding at the puncture site in 1 case.Thirty-day mortality rate was 0.5%(1/182).One patient died due to liver abscess-related septicemia.Cumulative recurrence-free survival and overall survival(OS)rates were 51%,36%,27%and 89%,74%,60%at 1,2,and 3 years,respectively.Age(P=0.017)and tumor diameter(P=0.029)were independent factors associated with local tumor recurrence.None of the factors had a statistically significant impact on recurrence-free survival.Serum albumin level(P=0.009)and new lesion(s)(P=0.029)were independently associated with OS.CONCLUSION:Percutaneous MWA is a relatively safe and effective treatment for patients with medium-sized HCC.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27040107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970293)the Shanghai Pujiang Program (18PJ1410900)
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth,development,and stress responses.It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants,such as stomatal closure,cuticular wax accumulation,leaf senescence,bud dormancy,seed germination,osmotic regulation,and growth inhibition among many others.Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.During the past 20 years,ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized.Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
文摘Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been discovered,but the pathogenetic theories are controversial.The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct.The majority ofinvestigators accept that the main factors for acute billiary pancreatitis are pancreatic hyperstimulation and bile-pancreatic duct obstruction which increase pancreatic duct pressure and active trypsin reflux.Acute pancreatitis occurs when intracellular protective mechanisms to prevent trypsinogen activation or reduce trypsin activity are overwhelmed.However,little is known about the other acute pancreatitis.We hypothesize that acute biliary pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis possess a common pathogenesis.Pancreatic hyperstimulation and pancreatic duct obstruction increase pancreatic duct pressure,active trypsin reflux,and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells.Enzyme activation within the pancreas leads to auto-digestion of the gland and local inflammation.Once the hypothesis is confirmed,traditional therapeutic strategies against acute pancreatitis may be improved.Decompression of pancreatic duct pressure should be advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitits which may greatly improve its outcome.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51532009, 51602324, and 51872405) are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘High-entropy pyrochlore-type structures based on rare-earth zirconates are successfully produced by conventional solid-state reaction method. Six rare-earth oxides(La2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, and Y2O3) and ZrO2 are used as the raw powders. Five out of the six rare-earth oxides with equimolar ratio and ZrO2 are mixed and sintered at different temperatures for investigating the reaction process. The results demonstrate that the high-entropy pyrochlores(5RE1/5)2 Zr2O7 have been formed after heated at 1000 ℃. The(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 are highly sintering resistant and possess excellent thermal stability. The thermal conductivities of the(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramics are below 1 W·m–1·K–1 in the temperature range of 300–1200 ℃. The(5RE1/5)2Zr2O7 can be potential thermal barrier coating materials.
文摘Background Gastric varices （GV） are life-threatening for patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopic injection with butyl cyanoacrylate （BC）, the mainstay of the therapy for GV, has been reported to be effective for hemostasis of bleeding varices, but its efficacy in the obliteration of GV and impact on the survival of patients still needs clarification. Here we summarized our experience of 10 years＇ practice to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy using BC for GV patients. Methods From January 1997 to April 2006, GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected. The ＂sandwich method＂ and the ＂modified sandwich method＂ were used to inject BC intravascularly. Retrograde analysis was made on the data of treatment and follow-up. Results A total of 635 GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected, most of them （90.2%） suffered from post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Emergency hemostasis was achieved in 139 out of 146 sessions （95.2%）. Complications occurred in 32 cases （5.2%）, including hemorrhage due to early expulsion of tissue glue （3.1%）, septicemia （1%） and ectopic thrombosis （0.5%）, such as spleen infarction. Endoscopic follow-up in 503 patients showed complete disappearance （76.9%）, collapse （17.3%） or remnants （5.8%） of gastric varices. A total of 550 patients were followed up clinically for 3 to 115 months. Of these patients, 44 had recurrent bleeding （8.0%） and 44 died from hepatic failure, recurrent bleeding, hepatic carcinoma or other causes. The longest survival was 115 months, with a median survival of 25 months. Survival rates at 1,2, 3, 4 and 5 year were 95%, 92%, 90%, 83% and 81%, respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic sclerotherapy with BC is effective for the hemostasis of bleeding GV, as well as obliteration of GV which contributes to less rebleeding and better survival. The modified sandwich method may be useful to minimize ectopic embolism, which we speculated to result from excess iodized
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51532009 and 51872045)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 18ZR1401400) are gratefully acknowledged
文摘A high-entropy silicide(HES),(Ti_(0.2) Zr_(0.2) Nb_(0.2) Mo_(0.2) W_(0.2))Si_2 with close-packed hexagonal structure is successfully manufactured through reactive spark plasma sintering at 1300 ℃ for 15 min.The elements in this HES are uniformly distributed in the specimen based on the energy dispersive spectrometer analysis except a small amount of zirconium that is combined with oxygen as impurity particles. The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio,and Vickers hardness of the obtained(Ti_(0.2) Zr_(0.2) Nb_(0.2) Mo_(0.2) W_(0.2))Si_2 are also measured.
文摘The basic premise of high yield in rice is to improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency and coordinate the sourcesink relationship in rice plants. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） related to morphological traits and chlorophyll content of rice leaves were detected at the stages of heading to maturity, and a major QTL （qLSCHL4） related to flag leaf shape and chlorophyll content was detected at both stages in recombinant inbred lines constructed using the indica rice cultivar 93-11 and the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. Map-based cloning and expression analysis showed that LSCHL4 is allelic to NAL1, a gene previously reported in narrow leaf mutant of rice. Overexpression lines transformed with vector carrying LSCHL4 from Nipponbare and a near-isogenic line of 93-11 （NIL-9311） had significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, enlarged flag leaf size, and improved panicle type. The average yield of NIL-9311 was 18.70% higher than that of 93-11. These results indicate that LSCHL4 had a pleiotropic function. Exploring and pyramiding more high-yield alleles resem- bling LSCHL4 for super rice breeding provides an effective way to achieve new breakthroughs in raising rice yield and generate new ideas for solving the problem of global food safety.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20337010).
文摘Nitrogen (N) leaching in vegetable fields from December 2002 to May 2003 with equal dressings of total N for asequential rotation of Chinese flat cabbage (Brassica chinensis L. var. rosularis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in asuburban major vegetable production base of Shanghai were examined using the lysimeter method to provide a scientificbasis for rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizers so as to prevent nitrogen pollution of water resources. Results showedthat leached N consisted mainly of nitrate N, which accounted for up to more than 90% of the total N loss and couldcontribute to groundwater pollution. Data also showed that by partly substituting chemical N (30%) in a basal dressingwith equivalent N of refined organic fertilizer in the Chinese flat cabbage field, 64.5% of the leached nitrate N was reduced,while in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) field, substituting 1/2 of the chemical N in a basal dressing and 1/3 of the chemicalN in a top dressing with equivalent N of refined organic fertilizers reduced 46.6% of the leached nitrate N. In the two-year sequential rotation system of Chinese flat cabbage and lettuce, nitrate-N leaching in the treatment with the highestamount of chemical fertilizer was up to 46.55 kg ha-1, while treatment plots with the highest amount of organic fertilizerhad only 17.58 kg ha-1. Thus, partly substituting refined organic fertilizer for chemical nitrogen in the first two seasonshas a great advantage of reducing nitrate-N leaching.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52032001,52022072,52032003,51972243,92060202,51872239,51872059,51772061,52061135102,52002321,50632070,51272266,and 52102093)bilateral project of NSFC-JSPS(51111140017 and 51611140121)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690817)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2020KY05125)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDY-SSW-JSC031)the projects supported by fee State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology(2021-KF-5)fee State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(KF2116)are greatly acknowledged.
文摘Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are generally referred to the carbides,nitrides,and borides of the transition metals,with the Group IVB compounds(Zr&Hf)and TaC as the main focus.The UHTCs are endowed with ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties,and ablation resistance at elevated temperatures.These unique combinations of properties make them promising materials for extremely environmental structural applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges,and engine components,etc.In addition to bulk UHTCs,UHTC coatings and fiber reinforced UHTC composites are extensively developed and applied to avoid the intrinsic brittleness and poor thermal shock resistance of bulk ceramics.Recently,high-entropy UHTCs are developed rapidly and attract a lot of attention as an emerging direction for ultra-high temperature materials.This review presents the state of the art of processing approaches,microstructure design and properties of UHTCs from bulk materials to composites and coatings,as well as the future directions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51532009,51872045)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18ZR1401400)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2232018D3-32,2232019A3-13)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(No.19ZK0113).
文摘High-entropy ceramics attract more and more attention in recent years.However,mechanical properties especially strength and fracture toughness for high-entropy ceramics and their composites have not been comprehensively reported.In this work,high-entropy(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta 0.2)B2(HEB)monolithic and its composite containing 20 vol%SiC(HEB–20SiC)are prepared by hot pressing.The addition of SiC not only accelerates the densification process but also refines the microstructure of HEB,resulting in improved mechanical properties.The obtained dense HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics hot pressed at 1800℃exhibit four-point flexural strength of 339±17 MPa and 447±45 MPa,and fracture toughness of 3.81±0.40 MPa·m1/2 and 4.85±0.33 MPa·m1/2 measured by single-edge notched beam(SENB)technique.Crack deflection and branching by SiC particles is considered to be the main toughening mechanisms for the HEB–20SiC composite.The hardness Hv0.2 of the sintered HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics is 23.7±0.7 GPa and 24.8±1.2 GPa,respectively.With the increase of indentation load,the hardness of the sintered ceramics decreases rapidly until the load reaches about 49 N,due to the indentation size effect.Based on the current experimental investigation it can be seen that the room temperature bending strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy diboride ceramics are within ranges commonly observed in structure ceramics.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2007CB106804)the International S&T Cooperation Program (ISTCP) of China (No. 2006DFA31070)the International Foundation for Sciences(No. C/3313-2)
文摘Cropland (CP),native grassland (NG) and two shrub land treatments which were converted from cropland in 1985:seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (ST),and branchytamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) (BT) were investigated to evaluate effects of land use conversion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau of China.Total organic carbon (TOC),light fraction organic carbon (LFOC),heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC),total N (TN),nitrate nitrogen (NO 3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2-N),ammonium nitrogen (NH + 4-N),total P,and available P (AP) were measured.The results showed that SOC in NG,ST and BT were 12.7%,27.7% and 34.8% higher than that of the cropland,respectively.LFOC,light fraction (LF) dry matter,ratio of TOC to TN (C/N) and the ratio of TOC to AP (C/P) were higher in the shrub land or native grassland than in the cropland.Cropland had the highest TN,the sum of NO 3-N and NO 2-N,TP and AP due to the use of chemical fertilizers.TOC significantly correlated with LFOC,HFOC and C/N.LFOC significantly correlated with dry matter of the LF and C/N.TN,the sum of NO 3-N and NO 2-N and AP were significantly negatively correlated with TOC and LFOC.Therefore,land use conversion from cropland to shrub land,or maybe grassland,contributed to SOC sequestration and improved soil nutrients stabilization.
基金Project(17JS083) supported by the Key Laboratory Program of Shaanxi Education Department,ChinaProject(2016JZ018) supported by the Key Program of Natural Science Research of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(51701162) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To further enhance the corrosion resistance of the porous micro-arc oxidation(MAO) ceramic layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy, superhydrophobic Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(LDH) coating was fabricated on MAO-coated AZ31 alloy by using in-situ growth method followed by surface modification with stearic acid. The characteristics of different coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effect of the hydrothermal treatment time on the formation of the LDH coatings was studied. The results demonstrated that the micro-pores and cracks of MAO coating were gradually sealed via in-situ growing LDH with prolonging hydrothermal treating time. Electrochemical measurement displayed that the lowest corrosion current density, the most positive corrosion potential and the highest impedance modulus were observed for superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating compared with those of MAO coating and LDH/MAO coating. Immersion experiment proved that the superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating with the active anti-corrosion capability significantly enhanced the long-term corrosion protection for MAO coated alloy.
文摘Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a first?line treatment for very?early?stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for very?early?stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC.Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very?early?stage HCC and treated with percutane?ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili?tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival(OS), recurrence?free survival(RFS), local tumor progression(LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed.Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1?, 3?, or 5?year OS rates(99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively; P = 0.331). Furthermore, no signif?icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates(94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively; P ete ablation rates(98.3% vs. 98.1%, P = 0.309), the LTP rates(9.6% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.883), the compl multivariate analysis, LTP, an= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications(0.7% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.691). Bytiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac?tors for OS(P < 0.001), and the alpha?fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS(P = 0.002).Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first?line treatment option for this disease.
文摘AIM To analyze the survival trends in colorectal cancer(CRC) based on the different classifications recommended by the seventh and eighth editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system(AJCC-7^(th) and AJCC-8^(th)).METHODS The database from our institution was queried to identify patients with pathologically confirmed stage 0-Ⅳ CRC diagnosed between 2006 and 2012. Data from 2080 cases were collected and 1090 cases were evaluated through standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. CRC was staged by AJCC-7^(th) and then restaged by AJCC-8^(th). Five-year disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) were compared. SPSS 21.0 software was used for all data. DFS and OS were compared and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test.RESULTS Linear regression and automatic linear regression showed lymph node positive functional equations by tumornode-metastasis staging from AJCC-7^(th) and tumornode-metastasis staging from AJCC-8^(th). Neurological invasion, venous infiltration, lymphatic infiltration, and tumor deposition put forward stricter requirements for pathological examination in AJCC-8^(th) compared to AJCC-7^(th). After re-analyzing our cohort with AJCC-8^(th),the percentage of stage ⅣB cases decreased from 2.8% to 0.8%. As a result 2% of the cases were classified under the new ⅣC staging. DFS and OS was significantly shorter(P = 0.012) in stage ⅣC patients compared to stage ⅣB patients.CONCLUSION The addition of stage ⅣC in AJCC-8^(th) has shown that peritoneal metastasis has a worse prognosis than distant organ metastasis in our institution's CRC cohort. Additional datasets should be analyzed to confirm these findings.
基金We are grateful to Professor D. Fournier at Groupe de Biotechnologie des Proteines, IPBS-CNRS, France for his helpful comments and suggestions on this manuscript. This project was supported by the National Program of High-tech Research and Development （863 High-Tech Program, No. 2006AA10A 119）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30770280） and the National Basic Research Program of China （2003CB 114403）.
文摘Complementary DNAs encoding two types of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） were isolated from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The type 1 （Bmacel） and type 2 （Bmace2） ORFs are 2052 and 1917 bp in length, respectively. Both the complete ORFs of the Bmaces and C- terminal truncated forms were recombined into the Bacmid baculovirus vector under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and expressed in Trichoplusia ni （Tn-5B 1-4） cells. The resulting products exhibited ACHE activity and glycosylation of the expressed proteins. An inhibition assay indicated that the ace2-type enzyme was more sensitive than the acel-type enzyme to inhibition by eserine and paraoxon.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 308（~60299~, tlae Program of Natural Science Foundation of the Xiniiang Uygur Autonomous Region （No. 200821143 and No. 201121 IA074）, and the Program of Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education （No. 200807600004）.
文摘Background Small noncoding microRNAs regulate gene expression in cardiac development and disease and have been implicated in the aging process and in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. However, their role in age-related cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation （AF） was not well understood. The present study was designed to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying age-related atrial structural remodeling and AF. Methods Three groups of dogs were studied： adult and aged dogs in sinus rhythm and with persistent AF induced by rapid atrial pacing. The expressions of microRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pathohistological and ultrastructural changes were tested by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis index of myocytes was detected by TUNEL. Results Samples of atrial tissue showed the abnormal pathohistological and ultrastructural changes, the accelerated fibrosis, and apoptosis with aging and/or in AF dogs. Compared to the adult group, the expressions of microRNAs-21 and -29 were significantly increased, whereas the expressions of microRNAs-1 and -133 showed obvious downregulation tendency in the aged group. Compared to the aged group, the expressions of microRNAs-1, -21, and -29 was significantly increased in the old group in AF; contrastingly, the expressions of microRNA-133 showed obvious downregulation tendency. Conclusion These multiple aberrantly expressed microRNAs may be responsible for modulating the transition from adaptation to pathological atrial remodeling with aging and/or in AE
基金supported by the earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-01)the Agroresearch Projects in Public Interest of China(201403002 and 201303102)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300504-2)。
文摘The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L^-1 BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR;the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications, efficacy and clinical significance of percutaneous cryoablation for liver carcinoma after transcatheter liver artery chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histologically or clinically confirmed primary or metastatic carcinomas were treated with TACE. One week to 1 month later, they were treated percutaneously under ultrasound guidance using cryosurgical system in the period of July 2001 -June 2002. All patients were followed up to determine serum tumor marker, CT scans, MRI images or ultrasound images. RESULTS: This therapy was performed in 34 patients including 32 patients with Child A liver reserve, 2 patients with Child B and no patient with Child C. There were 28 patients with primary liver cancer and 6 patients with metastatic liver cancer. During the follow-up period (3 to 15 months), 41.1% patients were recognized clinically cured because the serum tumor markers became normal, or CT scans and MRI images revealed that the lesion became completely necrotic. 44.1% patients were recognized effectively treated. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cryoablation combined with TACE is a choice of treatment for liver carcinoma. It is minimally invasive, safe and effective for those patients with liver cancer unsuitable for surgery.
文摘Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, p53, nitric oxide （NO）, and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications （PTMs） occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of patients withmedium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who underwent percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA).METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a single medium-sized HCC who underwent percutaneous MWA from January 2010 to January2013.Technical success,technical effectiveness and complications were subsequently observed.Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to each variable.The relative prognostic significance o f t h e va r i a b l e s fo r p re d i c t i n g ove ra l l s u r v i va l rate,recurrence-free survival rate and local tumor recurrence(s)was assessed using univariate analysis.All variables with a P value<0.20 were subjected to multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The study included 182 patients(mean age,58 years;age range:22-86 years)with a single HCC(mean size,3.72±0.54 cm;range:3.02-5.00cm).The estimated technical effectiveness rate was93%in 182 patients.The major complication rate was2.7%(5/182),including liver abscess in 4 cases,and abdominal bleeding at the puncture site in 1 case.Thirty-day mortality rate was 0.5%(1/182).One patient died due to liver abscess-related septicemia.Cumulative recurrence-free survival and overall survival(OS)rates were 51%,36%,27%and 89%,74%,60%at 1,2,and 3 years,respectively.Age(P=0.017)and tumor diameter(P=0.029)were independent factors associated with local tumor recurrence.None of the factors had a statistically significant impact on recurrence-free survival.Serum albumin level(P=0.009)and new lesion(s)(P=0.029)were independently associated with OS.CONCLUSION:Percutaneous MWA is a relatively safe and effective treatment for patients with medium-sized HCC.
