目的分析社区人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)携带者发生自发性再激活的流行病学特征,为社区人群乙型肝炎的防控和管理提供科学依据。方法在2010年9月甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查建立的HBsAg携带者...目的分析社区人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)携带者发生自发性再激活的流行病学特征,为社区人群乙型肝炎的防控和管理提供科学依据。方法在2010年9月甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查建立的HBsAg携带者队列基础上,于2012年和2014年开展随访研究,分析自发性再激活的发生情况和流行病学特征。结果随访发现,852例HBsAg携带者中共有72例发生再激活,发病密度为2 746.8/10万人年。不同性别间再激活率差异存在统计学意义(x^2=3.901,P=0.048),男性累积再激活率为10.39%,高于女性累积再激活率(6.62%)。各年龄组间再激活率也存在统计学差异(x^2=6.524,P=0.038),其中46~59岁年龄组累积再激活率最高,为11.95%。HBsAg携带者基线乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA水平不同,再激活率也不同(x^2=10.404,P=0.006),当HBV DNA基线水平>1×10~5IU/ml时,累积再激活率可达14.36%。结论社区HBsAg携带者中存在一定比例的自发性再激活,其中男性、中年人群和基线HBV DNA水平较高者易发生再激活,应进一步加强HBV携带者的管控工作,对其定期进行随访监测,合理选择抗病毒治疗时机。展开更多
Domestic dogs have an ancient origin and a long history in Africa. Nevertheless, the timing and sources of their introduction into Africa remain enigmatic. Herein, we analyse variation in mitochondrial DNA（mt DNA） D...Domestic dogs have an ancient origin and a long history in Africa. Nevertheless, the timing and sources of their introduction into Africa remain enigmatic. Herein, we analyse variation in mitochondrial DNA（mt DNA） D-loop sequences from 345 Nigerian and 37 Kenyan village dogs plus 1530 published sequences of dogs from other parts of Africa, Europe and West Asia. All Kenyan dogs can be assigned to one of three haplogroups（matrilines; clades）： A, B, and C, while Nigerian dogs can be assigned to one of four haplogroups A, B, C, and D. None of the African dogs exhibits a matrilineal contribution from the African wolf（Canis lupus lupaster）. The genetic signal of a recent demographic expansion is detected in Nigerian dogs from West Africa. The analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal a maternal genetic link between modern West African and North European dogs indicated by sub-haplogroup D1（but not the entire haplogroup D） coalescing around 12,000 years ago. Incorporating molecular anthropological evidence,we propose that sub-haplogroup D1 in West African dogs could be traced back to the late-glacial dispersals, potentially associated with human hunter-gatherer migration from southwestern Europe.展开更多
文摘目的分析社区人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)携带者发生自发性再激活的流行病学特征,为社区人群乙型肝炎的防控和管理提供科学依据。方法在2010年9月甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查建立的HBsAg携带者队列基础上,于2012年和2014年开展随访研究,分析自发性再激活的发生情况和流行病学特征。结果随访发现,852例HBsAg携带者中共有72例发生再激活,发病密度为2 746.8/10万人年。不同性别间再激活率差异存在统计学意义(x^2=3.901,P=0.048),男性累积再激活率为10.39%,高于女性累积再激活率(6.62%)。各年龄组间再激活率也存在统计学差异(x^2=6.524,P=0.038),其中46~59岁年龄组累积再激活率最高,为11.95%。HBsAg携带者基线乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA水平不同,再激活率也不同(x^2=10.404,P=0.006),当HBV DNA基线水平>1×10~5IU/ml时,累积再激活率可达14.36%。结论社区HBsAg携带者中存在一定比例的自发性再激活,其中男性、中年人群和基线HBV DNA水平较高者易发生再激活,应进一步加强HBV携带者的管控工作,对其定期进行随访监测,合理选择抗病毒治疗时机。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104372)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2107001)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Nos.2019M651129,2019TQ0053)。
基金supported by Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. SAJC201611 and SAJC201306)the National Basic Research program (Nos. 2013CB835200 and 2013CB835202)+3 种基金The Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provided support to M.S.P. and G.D.W.supported by the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Large Research Infrastructure Funding)supported, in part, by a Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciencesmanuscript preparation by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant A3148 to R.W.M
文摘Domestic dogs have an ancient origin and a long history in Africa. Nevertheless, the timing and sources of their introduction into Africa remain enigmatic. Herein, we analyse variation in mitochondrial DNA（mt DNA） D-loop sequences from 345 Nigerian and 37 Kenyan village dogs plus 1530 published sequences of dogs from other parts of Africa, Europe and West Asia. All Kenyan dogs can be assigned to one of three haplogroups（matrilines; clades）： A, B, and C, while Nigerian dogs can be assigned to one of four haplogroups A, B, C, and D. None of the African dogs exhibits a matrilineal contribution from the African wolf（Canis lupus lupaster）. The genetic signal of a recent demographic expansion is detected in Nigerian dogs from West Africa. The analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal a maternal genetic link between modern West African and North European dogs indicated by sub-haplogroup D1（but not the entire haplogroup D） coalescing around 12,000 years ago. Incorporating molecular anthropological evidence,we propose that sub-haplogroup D1 in West African dogs could be traced back to the late-glacial dispersals, potentially associated with human hunter-gatherer migration from southwestern Europe.
