Stacking nanoscale-building blocks into onedimensional(1D)assemblies with collective physical properties is a frontier in designing materials.However,the formation of 1D arrays using weak magnetic fields and an in-dep...Stacking nanoscale-building blocks into onedimensional(1D)assemblies with collective physical properties is a frontier in designing materials.However,the formation of 1D arrays using weak magnetic fields and an in-depth understanding of their magnetic properties remain challenging.Here,low-dimensional assemblies of iron oxide nanocubes with a disordered arrangement are fabricated at the diethylene-glycol/air interface in the presence of assembly fields(0/1/3/5/30/50 mT).Ring-shaped assemblies gradually transform as the assembly field increases from 0 to 50 mT,first to a porous network consisting of elongated assemblies and then to an aligned array of filaments,in which the aligned filaments are formed when the assembly field is≥3 mT and duration t>14 min.Spin-glass characteristics and static(dynamic)anisotropy factors~2(3)are achieved by tuning the strength of the assembly field.In the presence of a relatively weak assembly field,the interplay between dipolar interactions and disorder with respect to magnetic easy axis alignment leads to spin-glass characteristics.The alignment of the magnetic easy axes and the strength of the dipolar interactions increase with increasing assembly field,resulting in the disappearance of spin-glass characteristics and enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy.This study presents a strategy for obtaining magnetic assemblies with spin-glass behavior and controllable anisotropy while shedding light on the magnetic interactions of low-dimensional assemblies.展开更多
Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the quality of life in pa tients with multiple sclerosis (MS) given immunological treatment and in those n ot given immunological treatment and to investigate the re...Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the quality of life in pa tients with multiple sclerosis (MS) given immunological treatment and in those n ot given immunological treatment and to investigate the relationship between imp airment and quality of life. Methods: Twenty nine patients given immunological t reatment were matched with the same number of patients not given such treatment. Matching variables were sex, Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS ), years since diagnosis, and age (total n = 58). The patients were interviewed using the self-reported impairment checklist and they answered two questionnai res on quality of life, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and t he Subjective -Estimation of Quality of Life (SQoL). Results: The self-repor ted impairment checklist captured a more differentiated picture of the patients ’ symptoms of MS than the EDSS. Health related quality of life was markedly re duced, while the subjective quality of life was less affected. There was a stron ger association between self-reported ratings of impairment and health related quality of life on the SF-36 than between impairment and global ratings of qu ality of life on the SQoL. Subjective quality of life on the SQoL was not direct ly dependent on impairment expressed in physical limitations. There were no stat istically significant differences between the treated and untreated groups. A no n-significant trend towards better health related quality of life was found in favour of the treated group with respect to emotional role, physical role, and social function on the SF-36. Conclusions: The self-reported impairment chec klist and SF-36 proved to be valuable complements to the well established EDSS in describing the diverse symptoms of MS. Measuring both health related quality of life and subjective wellbeing provides valuable knowledge about the conseque nces of MS.展开更多
Recently the use of biologic materials as dura mater repair patches has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to assess the basis for efficacy and safety of using a novel fish derived acellular dermis (Kerecis...Recently the use of biologic materials as dura mater repair patches has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to assess the basis for efficacy and safety of using a novel fish derived acellular dermis (Kerecis Omega3 DuraTM). In an ovine model a craniotomy under general anaesthesia was performed. A defect was produced in the dural covering of approximately 1 × 2 cm and closed with an onlay technique, with Kerecis Omega3 Dura. The bone defect was covered with the bony flap and the overlying tissues closed in layers. At 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks the sheep underwent MRI scanning followed by euthanasia, necropsy and histological assessment. MRI images taken at 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks showed initially moderate inflammatory response, which diminished over time, and at 11 weeks no evidence of inflammation existed. There was evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage at no time point. Necropsy revealed some adhesions at 5 and 8 weeks, in particular at 5 weeks, but at 11 weeks there were no adhesions found. From 2 - 11 weeks, there was evidence of initially an inflammatory reaction followed by neodura formation at the defect site through cellular ingrowth and remodeling of the acellular fish skin. Histology showed a histiocytic foreign body reaction initially that subsided over time. As early as 8 weeks there was evidence of neodura formation and by 11 weeks there was a minimal inflammatory response with an intact neodura formed. In this pilot study the Kerecis Omega3 Dura patches performed in a safe and efficacious manner. This new material needs to be fully assessed and compared with other products that are currently on the market in a larger scale animal study.展开更多
The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized tha...The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.展开更多
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(CYJ20180507182246321 and JCYJ20200109105825504)Swedish Research Council VR(2016-06959)financial support from the Doctoral Joint-Training Program of China Scholarship Council.
文摘Stacking nanoscale-building blocks into onedimensional(1D)assemblies with collective physical properties is a frontier in designing materials.However,the formation of 1D arrays using weak magnetic fields and an in-depth understanding of their magnetic properties remain challenging.Here,low-dimensional assemblies of iron oxide nanocubes with a disordered arrangement are fabricated at the diethylene-glycol/air interface in the presence of assembly fields(0/1/3/5/30/50 mT).Ring-shaped assemblies gradually transform as the assembly field increases from 0 to 50 mT,first to a porous network consisting of elongated assemblies and then to an aligned array of filaments,in which the aligned filaments are formed when the assembly field is≥3 mT and duration t>14 min.Spin-glass characteristics and static(dynamic)anisotropy factors~2(3)are achieved by tuning the strength of the assembly field.In the presence of a relatively weak assembly field,the interplay between dipolar interactions and disorder with respect to magnetic easy axis alignment leads to spin-glass characteristics.The alignment of the magnetic easy axes and the strength of the dipolar interactions increase with increasing assembly field,resulting in the disappearance of spin-glass characteristics and enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy.This study presents a strategy for obtaining magnetic assemblies with spin-glass behavior and controllable anisotropy while shedding light on the magnetic interactions of low-dimensional assemblies.
文摘Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the quality of life in pa tients with multiple sclerosis (MS) given immunological treatment and in those n ot given immunological treatment and to investigate the relationship between imp airment and quality of life. Methods: Twenty nine patients given immunological t reatment were matched with the same number of patients not given such treatment. Matching variables were sex, Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS ), years since diagnosis, and age (total n = 58). The patients were interviewed using the self-reported impairment checklist and they answered two questionnai res on quality of life, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and t he Subjective -Estimation of Quality of Life (SQoL). Results: The self-repor ted impairment checklist captured a more differentiated picture of the patients ’ symptoms of MS than the EDSS. Health related quality of life was markedly re duced, while the subjective quality of life was less affected. There was a stron ger association between self-reported ratings of impairment and health related quality of life on the SF-36 than between impairment and global ratings of qu ality of life on the SQoL. Subjective quality of life on the SQoL was not direct ly dependent on impairment expressed in physical limitations. There were no stat istically significant differences between the treated and untreated groups. A no n-significant trend towards better health related quality of life was found in favour of the treated group with respect to emotional role, physical role, and social function on the SF-36. Conclusions: The self-reported impairment chec klist and SF-36 proved to be valuable complements to the well established EDSS in describing the diverse symptoms of MS. Measuring both health related quality of life and subjective wellbeing provides valuable knowledge about the conseque nces of MS.
文摘Recently the use of biologic materials as dura mater repair patches has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to assess the basis for efficacy and safety of using a novel fish derived acellular dermis (Kerecis Omega3 DuraTM). In an ovine model a craniotomy under general anaesthesia was performed. A defect was produced in the dural covering of approximately 1 × 2 cm and closed with an onlay technique, with Kerecis Omega3 Dura. The bone defect was covered with the bony flap and the overlying tissues closed in layers. At 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks the sheep underwent MRI scanning followed by euthanasia, necropsy and histological assessment. MRI images taken at 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks showed initially moderate inflammatory response, which diminished over time, and at 11 weeks no evidence of inflammation existed. There was evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage at no time point. Necropsy revealed some adhesions at 5 and 8 weeks, in particular at 5 weeks, but at 11 weeks there were no adhesions found. From 2 - 11 weeks, there was evidence of initially an inflammatory reaction followed by neodura formation at the defect site through cellular ingrowth and remodeling of the acellular fish skin. Histology showed a histiocytic foreign body reaction initially that subsided over time. As early as 8 weeks there was evidence of neodura formation and by 11 weeks there was a minimal inflammatory response with an intact neodura formed. In this pilot study the Kerecis Omega3 Dura patches performed in a safe and efficacious manner. This new material needs to be fully assessed and compared with other products that are currently on the market in a larger scale animal study.
基金supported in part by the NIH grant R01CA241134supported in part by the NSF grant CMMI-1552764+3 种基金supported in part by the NSF grants DMS-1349724 and DMS-2052465supported in part by the NSF grant CCF-1740761supported in part by the U.S.-Norway Fulbright Foundation and the Research Council of Norway R&D Grant 309273supported in part by the Norwegian Centennial Chair grant and the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship from the University of Minnesota.
文摘The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.
