目的将适用于青少年与年轻成人的预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)文件Voicing My CHOiCES进行汉化,为在我国该人群中进行ACP实践提供基础。方法汉化流程包括背对背翻译、译本整合、医务人员评审、患者评审、背对背回译、...目的将适用于青少年与年轻成人的预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)文件Voicing My CHOiCES进行汉化,为在我国该人群中进行ACP实践提供基础。方法汉化流程包括背对背翻译、译本整合、医务人员评审、患者评审、背对背回译、回译本整合、原文件作者修订、定稿。医务人员评审的参与者为ACP实践中涉及的各类医务工作者,包括医生、护士、社工等。审评内容为文件整体结构合理性,以及各个主题的重要性、适用性和语言本土化水平。医务人员评审包括3轮评审过程,每轮评审后对文件进行修订,形成文件初稿。文件初稿再经患有致命性疾病的年轻患者及其家属进行评审,审评内容包括各个主题的适宜程度、帮助程度、压力程度,在此基础上对文件进一步修订,形成文件终稿,经原作者修订后定稿。结果因中美在语言、文化、医疗和法律体系上的差异,汉化过程针对文件中的部分主题进行本土化调适。中文版文件包括13个主题,涉及医疗与护理决策、日常生活规划、后事规划等内容。91.67%的患者和80%的患者父母认为所有主题均与患者的年龄和文化相适宜,符合年轻人需求和中国文化特征。75%的患者和70%的患者父母认为所有主题均是有帮助的。在压力程度评价中,死亡相关主题会为患者及其家属带来较大压力。结论《说出我的选择》是我国首个适用于青少年和年轻成人的ACP文件。该文件可帮助中国年轻患者思考和表达自己的偏好、意愿和价值观,确定未来医疗和护理的目标以及生活规划,并与亲属和医务人员讨论此类问题。展开更多
Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We includ...Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We included 104538 participants from the nationwide cohort of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A Longitudinal Study,with self-reported time of daily-life behavior.Using isotemporal substitution models,we found that substituting 1 h of sleeping with sitting,walking,or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower CKD prevalence.Leisure-time physical activity displacement was associated with a greater prevalence reduction than occupational physical activity in working population.In stratified analysis,a lower CKD prevalence related to substitution toward physical activity was found in long sleepers.More pronounced correlations were observed in long sleepers with diabetes than in those with prediabetes,and they benefited from other behavior substitutions toward a more active way.The U-shaped association between sleep duration and CKD prevalence implied the potential effects of insufficient and excessive sleep on the kidneys,in which the pernicious link with oversleep could be reversed by time reallocation to physical activity.The divergence in the predicted effect on CKD following time reallocation to behavior of different domains and intensities and in subpopulations with diverse metabolic statuses underlined the importance of optimizing sleeping patterns and adjusting integral behavioral composition.展开更多
Global warming and algal blooms have been two of the most pressing problems faced by the world today.In recent decades,numerous studies indicated that global warming promoted the expansion of algal blooms.However,rese...Global warming and algal blooms have been two of the most pressing problems faced by the world today.In recent decades,numerous studies indicated that global warming promoted the expansion of algal blooms.However,research on how algal blooms respond to global warming is scant.Global warming coupled with eutrophication promoted the rapid growth of phytoplankton,which resulted in an expansion of algal blooms.Algal blooms are affected by the combined effects of global warming,including increases in temperatures,CO_(2)concentration,and nutrient input to aquatic systems by extreme weather events.Since the growth of phytoplankton requires CO_(2),they appear to act as a carbon sink.Unfortunately,algal blooms will release CH4,CO_(2),and inorganic nitrogen when they die and decompose.As substrate nitrogen increases from decompose algal biomass,more N2O will be released by nitrification and denitrification.In comparison to CO_(2),CH4has 28-fold and N2O has 265-fold greenhouse effect.Moreover,algal blooms in the polar regions may contribute to melting glaciers and sea ice(will release greenhouse gas,which contribute to global warming)by reducing surface albedo,which consequently would accelerate global warming.Thus,algal blooms and global warming could form feedback loops which prevent human survival and development.Future researches shall examine the mechanism,trend,strength,and control strategies involved in this mutual feedback.Additionally,it will promote global projects of environmental protection combining governance greenhouse gas emissions and algal blooms,to form a geoengineering for regulating the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus.展开更多
The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pre...The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.展开更多
文摘目的将适用于青少年与年轻成人的预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)文件Voicing My CHOiCES进行汉化,为在我国该人群中进行ACP实践提供基础。方法汉化流程包括背对背翻译、译本整合、医务人员评审、患者评审、背对背回译、回译本整合、原文件作者修订、定稿。医务人员评审的参与者为ACP实践中涉及的各类医务工作者,包括医生、护士、社工等。审评内容为文件整体结构合理性,以及各个主题的重要性、适用性和语言本土化水平。医务人员评审包括3轮评审过程,每轮评审后对文件进行修订,形成文件初稿。文件初稿再经患有致命性疾病的年轻患者及其家属进行评审,审评内容包括各个主题的适宜程度、帮助程度、压力程度,在此基础上对文件进一步修订,形成文件终稿,经原作者修订后定稿。结果因中美在语言、文化、医疗和法律体系上的差异,汉化过程针对文件中的部分主题进行本土化调适。中文版文件包括13个主题,涉及医疗与护理决策、日常生活规划、后事规划等内容。91.67%的患者和80%的患者父母认为所有主题均与患者的年龄和文化相适宜,符合年轻人需求和中国文化特征。75%的患者和70%的患者父母认为所有主题均是有帮助的。在压力程度评价中,死亡相关主题会为患者及其家属带来较大压力。结论《说出我的选择》是我国首个适用于青少年和年轻成人的ACP文件。该文件可帮助中国年轻患者思考和表达自己的偏好、意愿和价值观,确定未来医疗和护理的目标以及生活规划,并与亲属和医务人员讨论此类问题。
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82088102,91857205,82022011,81970728,and 81930021)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.21QA1408100)+2 种基金Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(No.20XD1422800)the National Top Young Scholar Program(Yu Xu),the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai,the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases(No.19MC1910100)the Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center(Nos.SHDC2020CR1001A and SHDC2020CR3064B).
文摘Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We included 104538 participants from the nationwide cohort of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A Longitudinal Study,with self-reported time of daily-life behavior.Using isotemporal substitution models,we found that substituting 1 h of sleeping with sitting,walking,or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower CKD prevalence.Leisure-time physical activity displacement was associated with a greater prevalence reduction than occupational physical activity in working population.In stratified analysis,a lower CKD prevalence related to substitution toward physical activity was found in long sleepers.More pronounced correlations were observed in long sleepers with diabetes than in those with prediabetes,and they benefited from other behavior substitutions toward a more active way.The U-shaped association between sleep duration and CKD prevalence implied the potential effects of insufficient and excessive sleep on the kidneys,in which the pernicious link with oversleep could be reversed by time reallocation to physical activity.The divergence in the predicted effect on CKD following time reallocation to behavior of different domains and intensities and in subpopulations with diverse metabolic statuses underlined the importance of optimizing sleeping patterns and adjusting integral behavioral composition.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Water Conservancy Bureau Project(No.5000002021BF40001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601537)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry(No.SKLEG2021202)the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology(Class A,No.XDA23040303)。
文摘Global warming and algal blooms have been two of the most pressing problems faced by the world today.In recent decades,numerous studies indicated that global warming promoted the expansion of algal blooms.However,research on how algal blooms respond to global warming is scant.Global warming coupled with eutrophication promoted the rapid growth of phytoplankton,which resulted in an expansion of algal blooms.Algal blooms are affected by the combined effects of global warming,including increases in temperatures,CO_(2)concentration,and nutrient input to aquatic systems by extreme weather events.Since the growth of phytoplankton requires CO_(2),they appear to act as a carbon sink.Unfortunately,algal blooms will release CH4,CO_(2),and inorganic nitrogen when they die and decompose.As substrate nitrogen increases from decompose algal biomass,more N2O will be released by nitrification and denitrification.In comparison to CO_(2),CH4has 28-fold and N2O has 265-fold greenhouse effect.Moreover,algal blooms in the polar regions may contribute to melting glaciers and sea ice(will release greenhouse gas,which contribute to global warming)by reducing surface albedo,which consequently would accelerate global warming.Thus,algal blooms and global warming could form feedback loops which prevent human survival and development.Future researches shall examine the mechanism,trend,strength,and control strategies involved in this mutual feedback.Additionally,it will promote global projects of environmental protection combining governance greenhouse gas emissions and algal blooms,to form a geoengineering for regulating the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1309800)the“Outstanding University Driven by Talents”Program and Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019LJ007)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2017CXGC1214).
文摘The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.
