Screening for cervical cancer with DNA ploidy assessment by automated quantitative image cytometry has spread throughout China over the past decade and now an estimated 1 million tests per year are done there. Compare...Screening for cervical cancer with DNA ploidy assessment by automated quantitative image cytometry has spread throughout China over the past decade and now an estimated 1 million tests per year are done there. Compared to conventional liquid based cytology, DNA ploidy has competitive accuracy with much higher throughput per technician. DNA ploidy has the enormous advantage that it is an objective technology that can be taught in typically 2 or 3 wk, unlike qualitative cytology, and so it can enable screening in places that lack sufficient qualified cytotechnologists and cytopathologists for conventional cytology. Most papers on experience with application of the technology to cervical cancer screening over the past decade were published in the Chinese language. This review aims to provide a consistent framework for analysis of screening data and to summarize some of the work published from 2005 to the end of 2013. Of particular interest are a few studies comparing DNA ploidy with testing for high risk human papilloma virus(hrH PV) which suggest that DNA ploidy is at least equivalent, easier and less expensive than hrH PV testing. There may also be patient management benefits to combining hr HPV testing with DNA ploidy. Some knowledge gaps are identified and some suggestions are made for future research directions.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health systems.In response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in w...The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health systems.In response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple countries.The aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system resilience.We conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience strategies.These were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight countries.After two surveys,23 strategies were finalized.Ten received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of participants.These related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of patients.The Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system resilience.By leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.展开更多
目的评价扩大儿童医疗保险覆盖率干预措施的效果。方法计算机检索e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(e Cochrane Library2009,Issue2)、PubMed(1951～2010)、EMbase(1966～2009)、PsycINFO(1967～2009)以及其它相关数...目的评价扩大儿童医疗保险覆盖率干预措施的效果。方法计算机检索e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(e Cochrane Library2009,Issue2)、PubMed(1951～2010)、EMbase(1966～2009)、PsycINFO(1967～2009)以及其它相关数据库和网站,同时检索纳入研究和相关综述的参考文献以及引用过纳入研究的文献。纳入随机对照试验、半随机对照试验、有对照组的前后对比研究、以及间断的时间序列研究。干预措施包括提高医疗保险知晓度、改进入保程序、提高保险机构的管理能力等。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据和评价纳入研究的偏倚并叙述性整合纳入研究结果。结果共纳入两个美国的研究,其中一个随机对照试验方法学上偏倚风险低,其评价的干预措施为社区医疗保险管理人员提供保险信息和申请协助,该措施有助于儿童加入医疗保险[RR=1.68,95%CI(1.44,1.96),n=257];另一个半随机对照研究发现在医院急诊部门发放保险资料对促进儿童加入医疗保险也有效[RR=1.50,95%CI(1.03,2.18),n=223],但该研究偏倚风险不详。结论社区医疗保险管理人员提供保险信息和申请协助以及在医院急诊部门发放医疗保险资料,有利于扩大儿童医疗保险覆盖率。但这些干预在美国之外其它国家的适用性还取决于医疗保险系统的背景。高质量相关文献的缺乏,提示需要开展更多不同国家和研究设计完善的评价医疗保险覆盖扩大策略的原始研究。展开更多
Breeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical composition.The main goal of this study was to identify the ...Breeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical composition.The main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries(Fragaria×ananassa).Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical analyses.Each panel consisted of at least 100 consumers,resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per descriptor.Three sugars,two acids and 113 volatile compounds were quantified.Consumer liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity,texture liking,and flavor intensity,but not sourness intensity.Partial least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars;18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars;and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on both.Machine learning-based predictive models including sugars,acids,and volatiles explained at least 25%more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids only.Volatile compounds such asγ-dodecalactone;5-hepten-2-one,6-methyl;and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products.A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production,both on linkage group 6 A.Co-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters simultaneously.This study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets,which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.展开更多
This article discusses the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and addresses the scientific merits on epigenetic regulation of EMT. The importance of EMT as a prognostic biomarker is explored and the ratio...This article discusses the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and addresses the scientific merits on epigenetic regulation of EMT. The importance of EMT as a prognostic biomarker is explored and the rationale on application of multitargeted epigenetic therapy is discussed. We describe a literature review of the epigenetic influence of such process and we present a potentially effective method to reverse the epigenetic switch in favor for MET, in a clinical setting. A case series of advanced solid tumors are summarized aiming at generating hypothesis for the future recommendations for clinical trials targeting the tumor’s biological behavior through inhibition of EMT. Hypothesis: We propose an integral and integrative approach that can modify tumor’s biological behavior through inhibition of EMT, and further reduce the chances of metastasis, that can translate to improved outcome and patient’s survival in advanced disease.展开更多
In most cases, cancer develops as a result of non-inheritable somatic mutations (epimutations), acquired by the individual adult cell, during the evolution of the cell, and propagated into an expanding clone of progen...In most cases, cancer develops as a result of non-inheritable somatic mutations (epimutations), acquired by the individual adult cell, during the evolution of the cell, and propagated into an expanding clone of progeny of the cells by natural selection [1]. The role of microenvironment in selection for such acquired mutations, or epimutations, is a focus of scientific research in carcinogenesis [2]. Here we describe a defective DNA response to hypoxia due to epigenetic aberrancies, in cancer cellular biology [3]. We also summarize a literature review on hypoxia mediated epigenetic responses, and its role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Further, we review a novel method of treating hypoxic solid tumors with a combination of epigenetic modifiers with both in vitro and in vivo results in human, translating to an improved prognosis and clinical outcome. We propose that this approach both independently and synergistically (with the current standard of care) can provide an improved outcome.展开更多
Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrom...Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The results show that sediment texture plays a controlling role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the grain sizes of the sediments. Result of texture analysis classified the samples into three main components in percentages: sand, silt, and clay. Significant differences among the element concentrations in the three groups were observed, and the concentrations of the elements in each group are reported in this study. Most of the elements have their highest concentrations in the fine-grained samples with clay playing an important role, in comparison with the sand component of the soil/sediment samples. There appears to be a strong correlation between samples with high silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and Mn. There was a strong correlation between aluminum and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with manganese, aluminum, and lead. However, there was no strong relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elements measured were statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of element concentrations in the sediments were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the grain size and was thought to be related to the watersheds hydrological dynamics.展开更多
AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the age...AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety展开更多
Flexible surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices have recently attracted tremendous attention for their widespread application in sensing and microfluidics.However,for these applications,SAW devices often need to be bent in...Flexible surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices have recently attracted tremendous attention for their widespread application in sensing and microfluidics.However,for these applications,SAW devices often need to be bent into offaxis deformations between the acoustic wave propagation direction and bending direction.Currently,there are few studies on this topic,and the bending mechanisms during off-axis bending deformations have remained unexplored for multisensing applications.Herein,we fabricated aluminum nitride(AlN)flexible SAW devices by using high-quality AlN films deposited on flexible glass substrates and systematically investigated their complex deformation behaviors.A theoretical model was first developed using coupling wave equations and the boundary condition method to analyze the characteristics of the device with bending and off-axis deformation under elastic strains.The relationships between the frequency shifts of the SAW device and the bending strain and off-axis angle were obtained,and the results were identical to those from the theoretical calculations.Finally,we performed proof-of-concept demonstrations of its multisensing potential by monitoring human wrist movements at various off-axis angles and detecting UV light intensities on a curved surface,thus paving the way for the application of versatile flexible electronics.展开更多
Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visu...Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visualization of research co-authoring patterns. Design/methodology/approach： We compile publications by 45 researchers in each of 1） the iUTAH project, which we consider here to be analogous to a ＂research center,＂ 2） CG1-a comparison group of participants in two other Utah environmental research centers, and 3） CG2--a comparison group of Utah university environmental researchers not associated with a research center. We draw bibliometric data from Web of Science and from Google Scholar. We gather publications for a period before iUTAH had been established （2010-2012） and a period after （2014-2016）. We compare these research outputs in terms of publications and citations thereto. We also measure interdisciplinarity using Integration scoring and generate science overlay maps to locate the research publications across disciplines. Findings： We find that participation in the iUTAH project appears to increase research outputs （publications in the After period） and increase research citation rates relative to the comparison group researchers （although CG 1 research remains most cited, as it was in the Before period）. Most notably, participation in iUTAH markedly increases co-authoring among researchers--in general; and for junior, as well as senior, faculty; for men and women： across organizations; and across disciplines. Research limitations： The quasi-experimental design necessarily generates suggestive, not definitively causal, findings because of the imperfect controls. Practical implications： This study demonstrates a viable approach for research assessment of a center or program for which random assignment of control groups is not possible. It illustrates use of bibliometric indicators to inform R＆D program management. Originality/value： New visualizations of re展开更多
Sound pressure waves surround individuals in everyday life and are perceived by animals and humans primarily through sound or vibration. When sound pressure waves traverse through a solid medium, vibration will result...Sound pressure waves surround individuals in everyday life and are perceived by animals and humans primarily through sound or vibration. When sound pressure waves traverse through a solid medium, vibration will result. Vibration has long been considered an unwanted variable in animal research and may confound scientific endeavors using animals. Understanding the characteristics of vibration is required to determine whether effects in animals are likely to be therapeutic or result in adverse biological effects. The eighth edition of the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" highlights the importance of considering vibration and its effects on animals in the research setting, but knowledge of the level of vibration for eliciting these effects was unknown. The literature provides information regarding therapeutic use of vibration in humans, but the range of conditions to be of therapeutic benefit is varied and without clarity. Understanding the characteristics of vibration(eg, frequency and magnitude) necessary to cause various effects will ultimately assist in the evaluation of this environmental factor and its role on a number of potential therapeutic regimens for use in humans. This paper will review the principles of vibration, sources within a research setting, comparative physiological effects in various species, and the relative potential use of vibration in the mouse as a translational research model.展开更多
Proper balance is essential for athletes during competition and training as sport places different balance requirements on the human body. The purpose of the study was to analyze balance performance among female athle...Proper balance is essential for athletes during competition and training as sport places different balance requirements on the human body. The purpose of the study was to analyze balance performance among female athletes using COP （center of pressure） sway parameters. Twenty one NCAA （National Collegiate Athletic Association） division I female athletes （soccer, volleyball and dance） completed the study. Static balance was assessed using UST （unilateral stance test） and dynamic balance was assessed using MCT （motor control test） on the NeuroCom Equitest. Sway velocities, root mean square sway and reaction time latencies were used to quantify balance. A one-way between subjects ANOVA （analysis of variance） was performed to analyze these balance parameters. Significant （p 〈 0.05） differences between groups were found and post hoc comparisons revealed that the volleyball and dance groups had better static balance compared to soccer players, while both soccer and volleyball groups had better dynamic balance compared to the dance group. The results from the study indicate two points： first, differences in balance performance among female athletes in different sporting discipline; second, there is no relationship between static and dynamic balance. This indicates that it may be more beneficial to assess and train for static and dynamic balance individually.展开更多
文摘Screening for cervical cancer with DNA ploidy assessment by automated quantitative image cytometry has spread throughout China over the past decade and now an estimated 1 million tests per year are done there. Compared to conventional liquid based cytology, DNA ploidy has competitive accuracy with much higher throughput per technician. DNA ploidy has the enormous advantage that it is an objective technology that can be taught in typically 2 or 3 wk, unlike qualitative cytology, and so it can enable screening in places that lack sufficient qualified cytotechnologists and cytopathologists for conventional cytology. Most papers on experience with application of the technology to cervical cancer screening over the past decade were published in the Chinese language. This review aims to provide a consistent framework for analysis of screening data and to summarize some of the work published from 2005 to the end of 2013. Of particular interest are a few studies comparing DNA ploidy with testing for high risk human papilloma virus(hrH PV) which suggest that DNA ploidy is at least equivalent, easier and less expensive than hrH PV testing. There may also be patient management benefits to combining hr HPV testing with DNA ploidy. Some knowledge gaps are identified and some suggestions are made for future research directions.
基金the World Health Organization Centre for Health Development (WHO Kobe Centre)United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) Global Education and Training Institute+2 种基金the UNDRR Regional office for the Americas and Caribbean for supporting this projectsupported by the World Health Organization Centre for Health Development (WHO Kobe Centre-WKC:K21002)The Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Turkey (TüBITAK) also provided support for the workshops in Turkey
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health systems.In response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple countries.The aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system resilience.We conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience strategies.These were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight countries.After two surveys,23 strategies were finalized.Ten received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of participants.These related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of patients.The Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system resilience.By leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.
文摘目的评价扩大儿童医疗保险覆盖率干预措施的效果。方法计算机检索e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(e Cochrane Library2009,Issue2)、PubMed(1951～2010)、EMbase(1966～2009)、PsycINFO(1967～2009)以及其它相关数据库和网站,同时检索纳入研究和相关综述的参考文献以及引用过纳入研究的文献。纳入随机对照试验、半随机对照试验、有对照组的前后对比研究、以及间断的时间序列研究。干预措施包括提高医疗保险知晓度、改进入保程序、提高保险机构的管理能力等。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据和评价纳入研究的偏倚并叙述性整合纳入研究结果。结果共纳入两个美国的研究,其中一个随机对照试验方法学上偏倚风险低,其评价的干预措施为社区医疗保险管理人员提供保险信息和申请协助,该措施有助于儿童加入医疗保险[RR=1.68,95%CI(1.44,1.96),n=257];另一个半随机对照研究发现在医院急诊部门发放保险资料对促进儿童加入医疗保险也有效[RR=1.50,95%CI(1.03,2.18),n=223],但该研究偏倚风险不详。结论社区医疗保险管理人员提供保险信息和申请协助以及在医院急诊部门发放医疗保险资料,有利于扩大儿童医疗保险覆盖率。但这些干预在美国之外其它国家的适用性还取决于医疗保险系统的背景。高质量相关文献的缺乏,提示需要开展更多不同国家和研究设计完善的评价医疗保险覆盖扩大策略的原始研究。
文摘Breeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical composition.The main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries(Fragaria×ananassa).Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical analyses.Each panel consisted of at least 100 consumers,resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per descriptor.Three sugars,two acids and 113 volatile compounds were quantified.Consumer liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity,texture liking,and flavor intensity,but not sourness intensity.Partial least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars;18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars;and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on both.Machine learning-based predictive models including sugars,acids,and volatiles explained at least 25%more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids only.Volatile compounds such asγ-dodecalactone;5-hepten-2-one,6-methyl;and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products.A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production,both on linkage group 6 A.Co-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters simultaneously.This study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets,which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.
文摘This article discusses the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and addresses the scientific merits on epigenetic regulation of EMT. The importance of EMT as a prognostic biomarker is explored and the rationale on application of multitargeted epigenetic therapy is discussed. We describe a literature review of the epigenetic influence of such process and we present a potentially effective method to reverse the epigenetic switch in favor for MET, in a clinical setting. A case series of advanced solid tumors are summarized aiming at generating hypothesis for the future recommendations for clinical trials targeting the tumor’s biological behavior through inhibition of EMT. Hypothesis: We propose an integral and integrative approach that can modify tumor’s biological behavior through inhibition of EMT, and further reduce the chances of metastasis, that can translate to improved outcome and patient’s survival in advanced disease.
文摘In most cases, cancer develops as a result of non-inheritable somatic mutations (epimutations), acquired by the individual adult cell, during the evolution of the cell, and propagated into an expanding clone of progeny of the cells by natural selection [1]. The role of microenvironment in selection for such acquired mutations, or epimutations, is a focus of scientific research in carcinogenesis [2]. Here we describe a defective DNA response to hypoxia due to epigenetic aberrancies, in cancer cellular biology [3]. We also summarize a literature review on hypoxia mediated epigenetic responses, and its role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Further, we review a novel method of treating hypoxic solid tumors with a combination of epigenetic modifiers with both in vitro and in vivo results in human, translating to an improved prognosis and clinical outcome. We propose that this approach both independently and synergistically (with the current standard of care) can provide an improved outcome.
文摘Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The results show that sediment texture plays a controlling role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the grain sizes of the sediments. Result of texture analysis classified the samples into three main components in percentages: sand, silt, and clay. Significant differences among the element concentrations in the three groups were observed, and the concentrations of the elements in each group are reported in this study. Most of the elements have their highest concentrations in the fine-grained samples with clay playing an important role, in comparison with the sand component of the soil/sediment samples. There appears to be a strong correlation between samples with high silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and Mn. There was a strong correlation between aluminum and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with manganese, aluminum, and lead. However, there was no strong relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elements measured were statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of element concentrations in the sediments were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the grain size and was thought to be related to the watersheds hydrological dynamics.
基金Supported by NIH,No.RO1 HD36069,No.RO1 DK31369,and No.R24 67674
文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety
基金This work was supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52075162)the Innovation Leading Program of New and High-tech Industry of Hunan Province(2020GK2015)+5 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ20018)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(kq2007026)the Key Research Project of Guangdong Province(2020B0101040002)NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization anf information(No.U20A20172,U1909212)the Engineering Physics and Science Research Council of UK(EPSRC EP/P018998/1)the International Exchange Grant(IEC/NSFC/201078)through the Royal Society and NSFC.
文摘Flexible surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices have recently attracted tremendous attention for their widespread application in sensing and microfluidics.However,for these applications,SAW devices often need to be bent into offaxis deformations between the acoustic wave propagation direction and bending direction.Currently,there are few studies on this topic,and the bending mechanisms during off-axis bending deformations have remained unexplored for multisensing applications.Herein,we fabricated aluminum nitride(AlN)flexible SAW devices by using high-quality AlN films deposited on flexible glass substrates and systematically investigated their complex deformation behaviors.A theoretical model was first developed using coupling wave equations and the boundary condition method to analyze the characteristics of the device with bending and off-axis deformation under elastic strains.The relationships between the frequency shifts of the SAW device and the bending strain and off-axis angle were obtained,and the results were identical to those from the theoretical calculations.Finally,we performed proof-of-concept demonstrations of its multisensing potential by monitoring human wrist movements at various off-axis angles and detecting UV light intensities on a curved surface,thus paving the way for the application of versatile flexible electronics.
基金The five-year "innovative Urban Transitions and Aridregion Hydro-sustainability" (iUTAH) project was initiated in 2012 with support from the US National Science Foundation’s (NSF) "Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research" (EPSCo R, award # OIA-1208732)
文摘Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visualization of research co-authoring patterns. Design/methodology/approach： We compile publications by 45 researchers in each of 1） the iUTAH project, which we consider here to be analogous to a ＂research center,＂ 2） CG1-a comparison group of participants in two other Utah environmental research centers, and 3） CG2--a comparison group of Utah university environmental researchers not associated with a research center. We draw bibliometric data from Web of Science and from Google Scholar. We gather publications for a period before iUTAH had been established （2010-2012） and a period after （2014-2016）. We compare these research outputs in terms of publications and citations thereto. We also measure interdisciplinarity using Integration scoring and generate science overlay maps to locate the research publications across disciplines. Findings： We find that participation in the iUTAH project appears to increase research outputs （publications in the After period） and increase research citation rates relative to the comparison group researchers （although CG 1 research remains most cited, as it was in the Before period）. Most notably, participation in iUTAH markedly increases co-authoring among researchers--in general; and for junior, as well as senior, faculty; for men and women： across organizations; and across disciplines. Research limitations： The quasi-experimental design necessarily generates suggestive, not definitively causal, findings because of the imperfect controls. Practical implications： This study demonstrates a viable approach for research assessment of a center or program for which random assignment of control groups is not possible. It illustrates use of bibliometric indicators to inform R＆D program management. Originality/value： New visualizations of re
文摘Sound pressure waves surround individuals in everyday life and are perceived by animals and humans primarily through sound or vibration. When sound pressure waves traverse through a solid medium, vibration will result. Vibration has long been considered an unwanted variable in animal research and may confound scientific endeavors using animals. Understanding the characteristics of vibration is required to determine whether effects in animals are likely to be therapeutic or result in adverse biological effects. The eighth edition of the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" highlights the importance of considering vibration and its effects on animals in the research setting, but knowledge of the level of vibration for eliciting these effects was unknown. The literature provides information regarding therapeutic use of vibration in humans, but the range of conditions to be of therapeutic benefit is varied and without clarity. Understanding the characteristics of vibration(eg, frequency and magnitude) necessary to cause various effects will ultimately assist in the evaluation of this environmental factor and its role on a number of potential therapeutic regimens for use in humans. This paper will review the principles of vibration, sources within a research setting, comparative physiological effects in various species, and the relative potential use of vibration in the mouse as a translational research model.
文摘Proper balance is essential for athletes during competition and training as sport places different balance requirements on the human body. The purpose of the study was to analyze balance performance among female athletes using COP （center of pressure） sway parameters. Twenty one NCAA （National Collegiate Athletic Association） division I female athletes （soccer, volleyball and dance） completed the study. Static balance was assessed using UST （unilateral stance test） and dynamic balance was assessed using MCT （motor control test） on the NeuroCom Equitest. Sway velocities, root mean square sway and reaction time latencies were used to quantify balance. A one-way between subjects ANOVA （analysis of variance） was performed to analyze these balance parameters. Significant （p 〈 0.05） differences between groups were found and post hoc comparisons revealed that the volleyball and dance groups had better static balance compared to soccer players, while both soccer and volleyball groups had better dynamic balance compared to the dance group. The results from the study indicate two points： first, differences in balance performance among female athletes in different sporting discipline; second, there is no relationship between static and dynamic balance. This indicates that it may be more beneficial to assess and train for static and dynamic balance individually.
