With microprocessor clock speeds rising above 1 GHz, theCPU’s heatsink comes under increasing scrutiny as a source ofelectromagnetic interference (EMI). Often, this problem isn’ taddressed until after the microproce...With microprocessor clock speeds rising above 1 GHz, theCPU’s heatsink comes under increasing scrutiny as a source ofelectromagnetic interference (EMI). Often, this problem isn’ taddressed until after the microprocessor has been designed inand the product is undergoing EMI tests. If EMI problems arediscovered at that point, they’re addressed with Band—Aid solutions,such as adding shielding hardware. Naturally, such fixesslow product development and add cost. Moreover, theymay be ineffective in future product spins with newer processors.展开更多
The morphology of bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles was observed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodo...The morphology of bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles was observed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin at different concentrations of melittin was measured by observing flash-induced transient dichroism in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. In the presence of melittin, bacteriorhodopsin molecules in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles were aggregated into large particles or patches, and the ability of rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin in vesicles was decreased. This suggests that melittin produces its effect via direct electrostatic interaction with bacteriorhodopsin. Low temperature-induced aggregation of bacteriorhodopsin was also observed in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. Low temperature may cause phase separation. Bacteriorhodopsin was also successfully reconstituted into egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles, but low temperature-induced aggregation of bacteriorhodopsin in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine cannot appear in egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles. This suggests that different lipids have different effects on bacteriorhodopsin in vesicles.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To compare the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket technique along with the other components of the biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Prosp...OBJECTIVE: To compare the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket technique along with the other components of the biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Prospective, randomized trial of amniotic fluid assessment by AFI or single deepest pocket during a BPP. Cesarean delivery for fetal distress was the primary outcome evaluated. RESULTS: The AFI was used in 273 pregnancies and the single deepest pocket in 264. The AFI significandy increased the number of pregnancies labeled as oligohydramnios, 102 women (38%) compared with 46 women (17%; P <.001), odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95%confidence interval 1.90-4.25 in the single deepest pocket group. There was no difference in the number of women with oligohydramnios in the AFI group, 16 of 102 (16%), undergoing a cesarean delivery for fetal intolerance of labor compared with the single deepest pocket group, 6 of 46 (13%; P = .676). More women with normal fluid by the AFI method (AFI >5), 20 of 170 (12%), underwent a cesarean delivery for fetal distress than the women with normal fluid by the single deepest pocket technique (2 cm ×1 cm pocket present) group, 12 of 218 (6%; P = .037, OR = 2.22, 95%confidence interval 1.05-4.70). CONCLUSION: The AFI offers no advantage in detecting adverse outcomes compared with the single deepest pocket when performed with the BPP. The AFI may cause more interventions by labeling twice as many at-risk pregnancies as having oligohydramnios than with the single deepest pocket technique.展开更多
文摘With microprocessor clock speeds rising above 1 GHz, theCPU’s heatsink comes under increasing scrutiny as a source ofelectromagnetic interference (EMI). Often, this problem isn’ taddressed until after the microprocessor has been designed inand the product is undergoing EMI tests. If EMI problems arediscovered at that point, they’re addressed with Band—Aid solutions,such as adding shielding hardware. Naturally, such fixesslow product development and add cost. Moreover, theymay be ineffective in future product spins with newer processors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60007009), Grant for Key Program from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. Kj951-A1-501-05 and Kj 952-S1-03), and Wellcome Trust Foundation of UK.
文摘The morphology of bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles was observed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin at different concentrations of melittin was measured by observing flash-induced transient dichroism in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. In the presence of melittin, bacteriorhodopsin molecules in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles were aggregated into large particles or patches, and the ability of rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin in vesicles was decreased. This suggests that melittin produces its effect via direct electrostatic interaction with bacteriorhodopsin. Low temperature-induced aggregation of bacteriorhodopsin was also observed in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. Low temperature may cause phase separation. Bacteriorhodopsin was also successfully reconstituted into egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles, but low temperature-induced aggregation of bacteriorhodopsin in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine cannot appear in egg-phosphatidylcholine vesicles. This suggests that different lipids have different effects on bacteriorhodopsin in vesicles.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To compare the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket technique along with the other components of the biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Prospective, randomized trial of amniotic fluid assessment by AFI or single deepest pocket during a BPP. Cesarean delivery for fetal distress was the primary outcome evaluated. RESULTS: The AFI was used in 273 pregnancies and the single deepest pocket in 264. The AFI significandy increased the number of pregnancies labeled as oligohydramnios, 102 women (38%) compared with 46 women (17%; P <.001), odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95%confidence interval 1.90-4.25 in the single deepest pocket group. There was no difference in the number of women with oligohydramnios in the AFI group, 16 of 102 (16%), undergoing a cesarean delivery for fetal intolerance of labor compared with the single deepest pocket group, 6 of 46 (13%; P = .676). More women with normal fluid by the AFI method (AFI >5), 20 of 170 (12%), underwent a cesarean delivery for fetal distress than the women with normal fluid by the single deepest pocket technique (2 cm ×1 cm pocket present) group, 12 of 218 (6%; P = .037, OR = 2.22, 95%confidence interval 1.05-4.70). CONCLUSION: The AFI offers no advantage in detecting adverse outcomes compared with the single deepest pocket when performed with the BPP. The AFI may cause more interventions by labeling twice as many at-risk pregnancies as having oligohydramnios than with the single deepest pocket technique.
